Imithetho yeSodium Cyanide kunye nokuThotyelwa

intshayelelo

Sodium i-cyanide yityhefu eyingozi kakhulu kwaye iyingozi. Ngenxa yobungozi bayo obugqithisileyo, ngqongqo Imithetho nemigaqo zisekwe kwihlabathi jikelele ukulawula imveliso, ukugcinwa, ukuthuthwa, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokulahlwa kwayo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela nale mimiselo ibaluleke kakhulu hayi kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kuphela kodwa nokhuseleko loluntu. Eli nqaku lingena kwimithetho eyahlukeneyo kunye nemimiselo enxulumene Isodium cyanide kwaye uphonononga imiba yokuthotyelwa.

Imithetho kunye neMimiselo eLawula iSodium Cyanide

Imithetho yamazwe ngamazwe

1.Ingqungquthela yaseRotterdam

• Esi sivumelwano samazwe ngamazwe sigxile kwinkqubo yemvume enolwazi lwangaphambili kwiikhemikhali ezithile ezinobungozi kunye nezibulali zinambuzane kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Nangona Isodium cyanide ayinakudweliswa ngokuthe ngqo phantsi kwezinto ezingundoqo zeNgqungquthela yaseRotterdam, urhwebo kunye nokuhamba kwayo kuchatshazelwa ngokungangqalanga yinkqubo-sikhokelo yolawulo lweekhemikhali eziyingozi. Ingqungquthela ijolise ekuqinisekiseni ukuba amazwe ayayazi imingcipheko enokubakho eyayanyaniswa neekhemikhali ezisuka kumazwe angaphandle, nto leyo enefuthe kwintshukumo yokuwela imida. sodium cyanide.

2.INgqungquthela yaseStockholm yeziNgcolisi eziZingisayo kwi-Organic

• Ngelixa i-sodium cyanide ingeyongcoliseko eqhubekayo yezinto eziphilayo, imigaqo jikelele yokukhusela indalo esingqongileyo kunye nokunciphisa ingozi echazwe kule ngqungquthela ichaphazela indlela yokulawula izinto ezinetyhefu kakhulu njenge-sodium cyanide. Ugxininiso lwengqungquthela ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezinobungozi kokusingqongileyo kunesiphumo sokuchithakala kwindlela i-sodium cyanide elawulwa ngayo malunga nokugcinwa kunye nokulahlwa ukunqanda ukungcoliseka kwendalo.

IMimiselo yeNqanaba leSizwe eUnited States

1.UMthetho woLawulo lweZinto eziyityhefu (TSCA)

• I-TSCA inika i-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo yase-US (EPA) igunya lokulawula ukwenziwa, ukungenisa elizweni, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokulahlwa kwezinto zekhemikhali, kuquka i-sodium cyanide. Abavelisi kunye nabangenisa i-sodium cyanide kufuneka banike ingxelo ecacileyo malunga neekhemikhali, ezifana nomthamo wayo wokuvelisa, ukusetyenziswa okujoliswe kuyo, kunye nemiphumo enokubakho kwimpilo kunye nokusingqongileyo. Oku kunceda i-EPA ukuvavanya nokulawula iingozi ezinxulumene ne-sodium cyanide.

2.UMthetho woLondolozo lweZibonelelo kunye noBuyiselo (RCRA)

• Xa i-sodium cyanide iba yinkunkuma, i-RCRA iqala ukudlala. Ihlela inkunkuma eyingozi kwaye ibeka imigangatho yolawulo lwayo, kubandakanywa ukugcinwa, ukuthutha, kunye nokulahlwa. Inkunkuma ye-sodium cyanide kufuneka iphathwe ngokuhambelana ne-RCRA - iinkqubo ezichaziweyo zokuthintela ukungcoliseka kwendalo kunye nokukhusela impilo yabantu. Ngokomzekelo, izisombululo ze-cyanide zenkunkuma kufuneka ziphathwe ukukhupha i-cyanide ngaphambi kokulahlwa.

Imigaqo kwiManyano yaseYurophu

1.UBhaliso, uVavanyo, uGunyaziso, kunye noThintelo lwaMachiza (REACH)

• I-REACH ifuna ukuba iinkampani zibhalise izinto zekhemikhali ezizenzayo okanye ezizingenisayo kwi-EU. Kwi-sodium cyanide, iinkampani kufuneka zibonelele ngolwazi olubanzi kwiipropati zayo, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nemilinganiselo yokhuseleko. Oku kwenza i-EU iqonde ngcono ingozi ehambelana ne-sodium cyanide kwaye ithathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo okulawula. Inkqubo yovavanyo phantsi kwe-REACH inokukhokelela kwizithintelo kusetyenziso oluthile lwe-sodium cyanide ukuba imingcipheko ibonwa njengengamkelekanga.

2.Izikhokelo kwizinto ezinobungozi kunye namalungiselelo

• Ezi zikhokelo, ezifana neSikhokelo soMyalelo wezinto ezinobungozi (67/548 / EEC) kunye neSikhokelo soLungiselelo olunobungozi (1999/45/EC), luchaza i-sodium cyanide njengento eyingozi kakhulu. Bamisela iimfuno zokuleyibhile, ukupakishwa, kunye nokhuseleko lwamaphepha edatha. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi kunye nabathengi bayazazi iingozi ezinxulumene ne-sodium cyanide kwaye banokuthatha izilumkiso ezifanelekileyo.

Iingqwalasela zokuThobela

Izixhobo zemveliso

1.Amanyathelo oKhuseleko kunye noQeqesho

• Amaziko okuvelisa aphatha i-sodium cyanide kufuneka asebenzise amanyathelo angqongqo okhuseleko. Oku kuquka ukufakela ukuvuza - iinkqubo zokubona, ukungena komoya okufanelekileyo, kunye nezixhobo zokusabela ngexesha likaxakeka. Abasebenzi ababandakanyekayo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa kufuneka bafumane uqeqesho olubanzi malunga nokuphathwa kwe-sodium cyanide, kubandakanywa neenkqubo zokhuseleko, uncedo lokuqala kwimeko yokuvezwa, kunye neeprotocol zokuphendula ngokukhawuleza. Ukuthotyelwa kwezi mfuno akunciphisi nje kuphela umngcipheko weengozi kodwa kukwahlangabezana nezibophelelo ezisemthethweni.

2.UKhuseleko lokuSingqongileyo

• Izixhobo zokuvelisa kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuba akukho kukhutshwa kwe-sodium cyanide kwindawo. Oku kunokubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha obukwinqanaba eliphezulu lolawulo longcoliseko, olufana nezikhuhlayo ukuze zibambe nayiphi na i-cyanide - equlethe iigesi. Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kokusingqongileyo kukwayimfuneko ukubonisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yokusingqongileyo. Umzekelo, ukubeka esweni amanqanaba e-cyanide kumanzi amdaka akhutshwa kwindawo yokuvelisa ukuqinisekisa ukuba angaphakathi kwemida evunyelweyo.

Ukugcina nokuThutho

1.IiMfuno zokuGcina

• Isodium cyanide kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo ekhuselekileyo nengena umoya kakuhle eyilelwe ukuthintela ukuvuza nokuchitheka. Izikhongozeli zokugcina kufuneka zenziwe ngezinto ezikwazi ukumelana nokubola yi-sodium cyanide. Ukongeza, iindawo zokugcina kufuneka ziphawulwe ngokucacileyo njengeziqulathe izinto eziyingozi, kwaye ukufikelela kufuneka kuthintelwe kubasebenzi abagunyazisiweyo kuphela. Ukuthotyelwa kwezi mfuno zokugcina kubalulekile ukuthintela ukukhutshwa ngengozi kwesodium cyanide.

2.Imigaqo yezoThutho

• Ngexesha lokuthutha, i-sodium cyanide kufuneka iqhutywe ngokuhambelana nemigaqo engqongqo. Oku kuquka ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi ezivunyiweyo zothutho ezinezixokelelwano zokuthintela ukuchitheka. Abaqhubi bezi zithuthi kufuneka baqeqeshelwe ukuphatha izinto eziyingozi kwaye balandele iindlela ezithile zokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuvezwa kuluntu kwimeko yengozi. Iimfuno zamaxwebhu ekuthuthweni kwe-sodium cyanide, ezifana neebhilikhwe zokulayishwa kunye namaphepha edatha yokhuseleko, kufuneka kwakhona ahlangane.

Ukulahlwa kweNkunkuma yeSodium Cyanide

1.IiNdlela zoNyango kunye nokuLahla

• Xa i-sodium cyanide iba yinkunkuma, ayinakulahlwa kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma eqhelekileyo. Kunoko, kufuneka iphathwe ukukhupha i-cyanide. Iindlela zonyango eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-chemical oxidation, njengokusebenzisa i-hydrogen peroxide okanye i-chlorine ukuphula i-cyanide kwizinto ezingenabungozi. Emva konyango, inkunkuma kufuneka ilahlwe kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma enobungozi evunyiweyo. Ukuthotyelwa kwezi ndlela zokulahla kubalulekile ukuthintela ukukhutshwa kwe-cyanide eyityhefu kwimekobume.

2.Amaxwebhu kunye neNgxelo

• Izibonelelo zokulahla inkunkuma ye-sodium cyanide ziyafuneka ukuze kugcinwe iirekhodi ezineenkcukacha zokunyanga inkunkuma kunye nenkqubo yokulahla. Oku kubandakanya ulwazi malunga nobungakanani benkunkuma, indlela yonyango esetyenziswayo, kunye nendawo yokulahla. Ukunika ingxelo rhoqo kwabasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo bokusingqongileyo kukwayimfuneko ukubonisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yolawulo lwenkunkuma.

Iziphumo zokungathobeli

Ukungathobeli imithetho kunye nemimiselo enxulumene nesodium cyanide kunokuba nemiphumo emibi. Kwimeko yokwaphulwa kwendalo, iinkampani zinokujongana nezohlwayo ezibalulekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, eUnited States, ukwaphulwa kwe-RCRA kunokuphumela kwisohlwayo esifikelela kwizigidi ngezigidi zeerandi ngosuku. Ukongeza kwizohlwayo zemali, ukungathotyelwa kwemithetho kunokukhokelela ekuvalweni kwezibonelelo, izityholo zolwaphulo-mthetho kubantu abanoxanduva, nokonakalisa isidima senkampani. Kwiimeko ezinzima, ukungathotyelwa kunokubangela iintlekele zokusingqongileyo kunye nobungozi kwimpilo yoluntu, njengoko kubonakala kwiingozi ezithile zembali ezibandakanya i-sodium cyanide.

isiphelo

I-sodium cyanide yinto yekhemikhali efuna ukulawulwa ngokungqongqo ngenxa yetyhefu ephezulu. Imithetho yamazwe ngamazwe, yelizwe, kunye nemimandla kunye nemimiselo iye yasekwa ukulawula yonke inkalo ye-sodium cyanide, ukusuka kwimveliso ukuya ekulahlweni. Ukuthotyelwa kwale migaqo akusiyo isinyanzeliso esisemthethweni kuphela kodwa kwakhona luxanduva lokuziphatha ukukhusela okusingqongileyo nokhuseleko loluntu. Iinkampani kunye nabantu ababandakanyekayo ekuphatheni i-sodium cyanide kufuneka baqaphele ekuqinisekiseni ukuba bahlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno zokulawula ukuphepha imiphumo emibi yokungathobeli. Njengoko ukuqonda kwethu imingcipheko ehambelana ne-sodium cyanide iguquka, imimiselo inokuthi ihlaziywe ngakumbi, kwaye imizamo yokuthobela iya kufuna ukugcina isantya.