IMimiselo yoRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe lweSodium Cyanide: Ukuqonda iiMfuno zokuThobela kumazwe ahlukeneyo

intshayelelo

Sodium i-cyanide, ikhemikhali enetyhefu kakhulu, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zoshishino ezifana nemigodi yegolide, i-electroplating, kunye ne-organic synthesis. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yezoyikiso ezinzulu kwimpilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo, amazwe kwihlabathi jikelele aphumeze imigaqo engqongqo kunye eneenkcukacha malunga nemithetho elawulayo. Trade International of Isodium cyanide. Ukuqonda le migaqo akusiyo kuphela isitshixo ekuqinisekiseni inkqubela phambili egudileyo yorhwebo kodwa iyimfuneko engenakuthintelwa yokugcina ukhuseleko lwendalo lwehlabathi kunye nokuphila kakuhle kwabantu.

Iimpawu zeSodium Cyanide kunye nesishwankathelo soMngcipheko woRhwebo

Isodium cyanide yikristale emhlophe yegranule okanye umgubo, inyibilika ngokulula emanzini, kunye nevumba le-almond elikrakra. Inetyhefu kakhulu. Ukuphefumla, ukungeniswa, okanye ukudityaniswa kwesikhumba ngexabiso elincinci ngabantu kunokuba yingozi, kwaye kunokubangela ungcoliseko olungaguqukiyo emhlabeni nakwimithombo yamanzi kwimo engqongileyo. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokurhweba ngamazwe ngamazwe, ukuba ukupakishwa kungafanelekanga, ukuthutha akukho mthethweni, okanye ukugcinwa kuphosakele, emva kokuba ukuvuza kwenzeka, kuya kubangela imiphumo emibi. Esi sesona sizathu sisisiseko sokuba kutheni amazwe abonelele ngokubaluleka okukhulu kulawulo lwe sodium cyanide urhwebo.

IiMfuneko zokuThobela kuMazwe amakhulu nakwiMimandla

eunited States

I-United States inenkqubo enzima kunye nengqongqo yolawulo lokungenisa elizweni Isodium cyanide. Abathumeli bamazwe angaphandle kufuneka baqale bachaze ukungenisa kweekhemikhali ezifanelekileyo kwi-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo yase-US (EPA) kwaye bathobele imimiselo yoMthetho woLawulo lwezinto ezinobutyhefu (TSCA), ukubonelela ngolwazi oluthe kratya lwemveliso, kubandakanywa ukubunjwa, ukusetyenziswa, inkqubo yokuvelisa, njl. Kwikhonkco lokuthutha, kufuneka lihambelane nemigaqo yokuthutha izinto ezinobungozi ezenziwe yi-US Department of Transportation (DOT). Kukho imigangatho ecacileyo yezinto zokupakisha, iilebhile zokumakisha, kunye nezikhethekileyo iimfuno kwizithuthi zothutho. Ngokumalunga nokugcinwa kwezinto, i-sodium cyanide kufuneka igcinwe kwiindawo eziyilwe ngokukodwa ezihlangabezana neenkcukacha zokhuseleko kwaye ziphantsi kokuhlolwa rhoqo. Ukongeza, abarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle kufuneka baseke isicwangciso esipheleleyo sempendulo kaxakeka ukujongana nokuvuza okunokwenzeka, iingozi, kunye nezinye iimeko.

udibano lwaseyurophu

I-European Union ibambelela kumgaqo odibeneyo kunye nomgangatho ophezulu kwimimiselo yorhwebo ye-sodium cyanide. Ngokwemigaqo yolawulo lweekhemikhali ze-EU (REACH), amashishini athumela i-sodium cyanide kwi-EU kufuneka agqibe inkqubo yokubhalisa kwangaphambili kwaye abonelele ngephepha ledatha yokhuseleko lwekhemikhali ebanzi (SDS), egubungela iipropati zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali, idatha ye-toxicological, uvavanyo lwempembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye nolunye ulwazi. Ngokuphathelele kwezothutho, landela iSivumelwano saseYurophu malunga nokuThuthwa kweeMpahla eziDangerous by Road (ADR). Kukho izithintelo ezingqongqo kwizithuthi zothutho, iziqinisekiso zokuqhuba, kunye nokucwangciswa kwendlela yothutho. Amazwe e-EU aneenkqubo zokuvunywa ngokungqongqo zokwakhiwa kunye nokusebenza kweendawo zokugcina i-sodium cyanide, ezifuna amanyathelo amaninzi okukhusela ukukhusela ukuvuza kunye nokungcola kwendalo. Kwangaxeshanye, i-EU ikhuthaza amashishini ukuba athathe ezinye iindlela ezikhuselekileyo zokunciphisa iingozi eziziswa kusetyenziso lwesodium cyanide.

iTshayina

Njengomvelisi ophambili kunye nomsebenzisi we-sodium cyanide, i-China ikwaphumeza ukubeka iliso elingqongqo kurhwebo lwayo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ukungenisa i-sodium cyanide kufuna ukufaka izicelo zeemvume ezivela kumasebe amaninzi afana namasiko kunye nesebe lolawulo olungxamisekileyo, ukubonelela ngeziqinisekiso zezoshishino ezicacileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso, amanyathelo okuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye namanye amaxwebhu. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuthutha, sebenzisa ngokungqongqo "Imigaqo yoLawulo loKhuseleko lweMichiza enobungozi." Amashishini ezothutho kufuneka abe neziqinisekiso zemfundo, kwaye izithuthi zixhotyiswe ngezixhobo eziyimfuneko zokulahla ngexesha likaxakeka kunye neempawu ezilumkisayo. Izibonelelo zokugcina kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho yokuvelisa ukhuseleko lwelizwe, ukuphumeza umntu-mbini, inkqubo yokulawula i-lock-lock, kunye nokurekhoda ngokuchanekileyo ukungena kunye nokuphuma kwe-sodium cyanide. Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, amashishini kufuneka ahambelane neemfuno zolawulo lwelizwe elingenisayo kwaye athobele imimiselo efanelekileyo yokulawula ukuthumela ngaphandle kweTshayina ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba okusemthethweni nokukhuselekileyo kwe-sodium cyanide.

Amanye amazwe kunye neeNgingqi

I-Japan isebenzisa inkqubo yelayisenisi engqongqo yokungeniswa kwe-sodium cyanide, efuna abathumeli bangaphandle ukuba babonise ukuba banokugcinwa okufanelekileyo, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokukwazi ukulahla, kwaye kwangaxeshanye balandele inkqubo engqongqo yovavanyo lwempembelelo yokusingqongileyo. I-Australia, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ilawula urhwebo lwe-sodium cyanide ngokuhambelana ne-Industrial Chemicals Act (Import and Export) Act. Kwizothutho, ukugcinwa, kunye neminye imiba, igxininisa ukulungelelaniswa neenkqubo ezingcono zamazwe ngamazwe zokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko. Ngenxa yokungafani kweziseko zophuhliso kunye namandla okulawula, iimfuno zorhwebo ze-sodium cyanide kwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika nazo ziyahluka, kodwa ngokubanzi, iinzame zokulawula ziqiniswa ngokuthe ngcembe ukulawula imingcipheko evela kumthombo.

Ukuchasana nemilinganiselo kunye neeNgcebiso

Kumashishini abandakanyeka kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwe-sodium cyanide, uphando olunzulu kwimimiselo yemarike ekujoliswe kuyo ngumsebenzi ophambili. Basenokwenza iqela lemicimbi yolawulo lobuchwephesha okanye bathembele kwii-arhente zokubonisana zangaphandle. Ukuseka inkqubo epheleleyo yolawulo lomgangatho ukuqinisekisa ukuba onke amakhonkco ukusuka ekuthengeni, kwimveliso ukuya kwezothutho kunye nokuhanjiswa kuhambelana neemfuno zolawulo. Ukomeleza uqeqesho lwabasebenzi ukomeleza ulwazi ngokhuseleko kunye nezakhono zokusebenza kunye nokunciphisa imingcipheko ebangelwa ziimpazamo zabantu. Kwangaxeshanye, phonononga ngenkuthalo kwaye samkele ubugcisa obukhuselekileyo nobunobuhlobo ngakumbi kokusingqongileyo kunye nezinye iindlela, ezihambelana nentsingiselo yophuhliso lohlaza lwehlabathi, kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwimichiza eyingozi kakhulu.

isiphelo

Imithetho yorhwebo yamazwe ngamazwe yesodium cyanide ingqongqo kwaye yahlukile kwihlabathi jikelele. Amazwe aqulunqe iinkcukacha ukuthobela iimfuno ezisekelwe kwiimeko zabo zelizwe kunye neengcamango zokhuseleko. Kuphela ngokuqonda ngokubanzi kunye nokulandela ngokungqongqo le migaqo inokuthi amashishini arhweba afezekise uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lwezorhwebo ye-sodium cyanide ngelixa eqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokukhusela ngokudibeneyo indawo yendalo yendalo kunye nobomi bomntu kunye nempilo.