Impembelelo yeZimbiwa eziNxulumeneyo kwiNkqubo yokuLeaching yeCyanide

intshayelelo

Ukuhluza i-cyanide yinkqubo esetyenziswa kakhulu ekukhupheni igolide nesilivere kwi-ore. Nangona kunjalo, ubukho beeMinerals ezahlukeneyo eziDibeneyo kwi-ore bunokuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle nokusebenza kakuhle kwale nkqubo. Ukuqonda ezi mpembelelo kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono imisebenzi yokuhluza i-cyanide kunye nokuphucula ukubuyiswa kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo.

Izimbiwa zentsimbi

Pyrite

I-Pyrite yiminerali eqhelekileyo yesinyithi-sulfide kwi-ores eneegolide. Ngexesha lokutsalwa kwe-cyanide, xa i-pyrite ikwi-pulp, inokufakelwa i-oxidized ukuze yenze i-ferrous sulfate. Le sulfate yesinyithi emva koko iphendula ne-cyanide ukuze yenze i-ferrocyanate. Le mpendulo itya isixa esikhulu se -Sodium Cyanide , esisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokukhupha igolide. Ngaphezu koko, ngesenzo selayimu nomoya, i-pyrite inokuguquka ibe yi-sulfide enyibilikayo, i-colloidal sulfur, okanye i-thiosulfate. Le nkqubo yokuguqula isebenzisa i-oxygen, ebalulekileyo ekunyibilikeni kwegolide kwinkqubo yokutsalwa kwe-cyanide. Ngokubanzi, oku kunempembelelo embi ekusebenzeni kakuhle kokutsalwa kwegolide.

I-Pyrrhotite

I-Pyrrhotite yenye i-iron-sulfide mineral echaphazela i-cyanide leaching. Isabela ngokulula kunye ne-cyanide ukuvelisa i-thiocyanate. Ukongeza, i-ferrous sulfate eyenziwe kwi-oxidation yayo iphinda ihlangane ne-cyanide yenze i-ferrocyanate. Uphando lubonise ukuba i-pyrrhotite inokubangela ukuhla okukhulu kwegolide - izinga lokuchithwa, umzekelo, ukunciphisa nge-28.1% kwezinye iimeko. Ikwakhokelela ekwenyukeni okukhulu kokusetyenziswa kwecyanide, ihlala iphinda kane.

Izimbiwa zobhedu

I-Chalcopyrite kunye ne-Chalcocite

Iiminerali zobhedu ezifana ne-chalcopyrite kunye ne-chalcocite zinempembelelo ephawulekayo kwi-cyanide leaching. Isisombululo seCyanide sinokunyibilikisa amaminerali obhedu, kodwa izinga lokuchithwa liyahluka. I-Chalcopyrite izinzile phakathi kweeminerali ze-copper sulfide, ngelixa i-chalcocite isebenza ngakumbi. Kwisisombululo se-cyanide, ubhedu kula maminerali, ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-divalent state, aluzinzile. I-Divalent copper i-oxidizes cyanide, itshintshela kwi-monovalent copper kwaye yenza ii-complexes ezine-cyanide kwi-pulp. Kwi-chalcocite, inokubangela ukuhla okukhulu kwegolide - izinga lokuchithwa, ukuya kwi-36.81% kwezinye iimvavanyo, kunye nokunyuka okuphindwe kashumi kokusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide.

IMalachite (Izimbiwa zeCopper oxide)

I-Malachite yinto eqhelekileyo yobhedu - i-oxide mineral. Ichithwa ngokulula kwisisombululo se-sodium - cyanide, ekhokelela ekunyuseni okukhulu kokusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide. Ukusabela phakathi kwe-malachite kunye ne-cyanide isebenzisa inani elikhulu le-ion cyanide. Ngenxa yoko, zombini i-copper sulfide kunye neeminerali ze-copper oxide zinokuba nefuthe elibi kakhulu kwinkqubo yokukhutshwa kwe-cyanide - igolide.

IiMminerali zeArsenic

I-Realgar kunye ne-Orpiment

I-Realgar kunye ne-orpiment ziyingozi kakhulu kwi-cyanide leaching. Kwisisombululo esinamandla se-alkaline esisetyenziselwa ukuntywiliselwa kwi-cyanide, zenza iikhompawundi ezifana ne-thioarsenite. I-Thioarsenite inokusabela nge-oksijini kwisisombululo sokwenza i-arsenite, idla inani elikhulu le-oksijini kwi-mineral slurry. Kwakhona, xa iiminerali ze-arsenic zixutywe nge-oxidized kwisisombululo, ifilimu eyenziwe nge-arsenic compounds yenza phezu kwamasuntswana egolide. Le filimu imisa ngokuthe ngqo igolide ekudibaneni ne-cyanide, echaphazela kakhulu ukuchithwa kwegolide. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba i-realgar kunye ne-orpiment inokunciphisa igolide - izinga lokuchithwa kwe-41.95% kunye ne-49.90% ngokulandelanayo, kunye nokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide ngamaxesha angama-13.8 kunye namaxesha angama-15.0.

Arsenopyrite

I-Arsenopyrite yi-arsenic eqhelekileyo - equkethe iminerali. Ngokungafaniyo ne-realgar kunye ne-orpiment, i-arsenopyrite izinzile kwinkqubo ye-cyanide. Nangona iqulethe i-arsenic, phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo ze-cyanide - leaching, ayiqhekeki ngokulula kwaye ngoko inempembelelo encinci kwi-cyanide leaching xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iiminerali ezine-arsenic.

Izimbiwa ezikhokelayo

UGalena kunye neNkokeli yoMfundi

I-Galena kunye ne-lead alum zezona ziphambili - ziqulethe izimbiwa kwimigodi yegolide. I-Galena inokuthi ifakwe i-oxidized ukukhokela i-alum. Kwisisombululo esinamandla-e-alkaline, i-alum ehamba phambili inokuvelisa i-alkaline lead - ityuwa ye-asidi, ehambelana ne-cyanide kwisisombululo ukwenza i-insoluble enamandla - i-alkaline cyanide. Umlinganiselo omncinci weeminerali zelothe unokuncedisa ngokwenene ukuvuza kwecyanide kwimigodi yegolide. Nangona kunjalo, umyinge omkhulu wezimbiwa zelothe uya kuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwegolide - ukuvuza ngokutya icyanide kwaye ngokunokwenzeka yenze imvula enokuphazamisana nenkqubo yokukhutshwa kwamanzi.

I-Antimony - equlethe iMimbiwa

Stibnite

I-Stibnite yi-antimony ephambili - equlethe i-sulfide mineral. Kwinkqubo ye-cyanide-leaching, iziphumo zayo ezimbi zifana nezo ze-orpiment. Inyibilika ngokulula kwisisombululo esinamandla-e-alkaline ukuvelisa i-thioantimonite, ephinda ifakwe kwi-oxidized ibe yi-antimonite. Ukongezelela, amasuntswana e-stibnite colloidal ahlawuliswa kakubi kwi-alkaline - isisombululo se-cyanide sinokunamathela kumphezulu weengqungquthela zegolide, ukukhusela ngokomzimba ukuba igolide inganyibiliki.

Izinto zeCarbon

Imigodi yegolide inokuba nezinto zeCarbon , kuquka i-inorganic carbon kunye ne-organic carbon efana ne-humic acid. Xa ezi zinto zecarbon zikhona, zinokufunxa igolide enyibilikisiweyo kwisisombululo se-cyanide. Oku kunciphisa izinga lokuphuma kwegolide kwisisombululo, into eyaziwa ngokuba yi-"gold robbery." Izinto zecarbon zikhuphisana nenkqubo yokukhupha igolide enyibilikisiweyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekulahlekelweni kokufunyanwa kwegolide.

Ubuchule bokuNciphisa iMpembelelo yeziMbiwa eziNxulumeneyo

Unyango lwangaphambili lweOres

• Unyango lwangaphambi kokusebenzisa i-oxidation : Kwii-ore ezine-iron-sulfide, i-arsenic, okanye ii-antimony minerals, unyango lwangaphambi kokusebenzisa i-oxidation lunokusebenza kakuhle. Unyango lwangaphambi kokusebenzisa i-oxidation luyawaphula la minerali, lukhulule igolide evalekileyo kwaye lunciphise iziphumo zazo eziyingozi ekukhuculweni kwe-cyanide. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zonyango lwangaphambi kokusebenzisa i-oxidation ziquka ukuroasting, i-pressure oxidation, kunye ne-bio-oxidation.

• Ukukhuhla iCopper - Ngaphambi kokukhupha iCopper : Kwimeko yeentsimbi ezinomthamo ophezulu weCopper, ukukhuhla iCopper kungenziwa. Ngokususa iCopper ngaphambi kokukhupha iCyanide, ubungakanani beCyanide esetyenziswa ziiminerali zeCopper bunokunciphisa, ngaloo ndlela kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhuhla iCopyrain yeGold Cyanide.

Ukuphuculwa kweCyanide - Iimeko zokuLeaching

• Ukulungisa iiDosi zeReagent : Ngokusekelwe kuhlobo kunye nobungakanani beeminerali ezinxulumene nazo, ubungakanani be-cyanide kunye nezinye iireagents bunokulungiswa. Umzekelo, xa kukho iiminerali ezininzi ze-copper, ukwandisa idosi ye-cyanide kancinci ngelixa ulawula ixabiso le-pH kunokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba igolide iyanyibilika ngokufanelekileyo.

• Ukulawula Iimeko Zeempuphu : Ukulawula uxinano lwempuphu, ubushushu, kunye nesantya sokuxukuxa kubalulekile. Uxinano olufanelekileyo lwempuphu luqinisekisa ukuba i-cyanide kunye ne-oksijini zinokusasazeka ngokufanelekileyo kwimpuphu. Ukugcina ubushushu obufanelekileyo (ngesiqhelo yi-15 - 30 °C) kulinganisela isantya apho igolide inyibilika khona kunye nokuzinza kwesisombululo se-cyanide.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezongezo

• Izithako zokuthintela iimpembelelo zeeminerali : Izithako zokongeza ezifana neetyuwa ze-lead zingasetyenziselwa ukuthintela iiminerali ezithile eziyingozi ukuba zingasabelani. Umzekelo, ukongeza i-lead acetate kunokusabela kunye nee-ion ze-sulfide ukusuka ekuqhekekeni kweeminerali ezine-sulfur, kwenze iiprecipitates ze-lead-sulfide ezinganyibilikiyo. Oku kunciphisa ubungakanani be-cyanide kunye ne-oxygen esetyenziswa ziiminerali ezine-sulfur.

• Ii-Adsorbents ezikhuphisanayo : Kwimeko yeentsimbi ezinee-carbon substances, ukongeza ii-adsorbents ezikhuphisanayo ezifana ne -Activated Carbon ngexesha lokutsalwa kwe-cyanide kunokunciphisa isiphumo "sokuphanga igolide". I-activated carbon ikhuphisana ne-carbon kwi-ore ngegolide enyibilikisiweyo, ngaloo ndlela inyusa izinga lokutsalwa kwegolide.

isiphelo

Izimbiwa ezinxulumene negolide nezesilivere zineempembelelo ezahlukeneyo nezibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuvuza kwecyanide. I-iron, ubhedu, i-arsenic, ilothe, i-antimony-equlethe iiminerali, kunye nezinto zekhabhoni zonke zinokuchaphazela ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo ngokutya ii-reagents, ukuthintela igolide ekudibaneni ne-cyanide, okanye ukufunxa igolide enyityilisiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngeendlela ezifanelekileyo zonyango lwangaphambili, ukulungiswa kweemeko zokutshiza, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezongezo, ezi mpembelelo zimbi zinokuncitshiswa. Oku kwenza ukuba kutsalwe ngokufanelekileyo ngakumbi igolide nesilivere kwizinto ezixubeneyo ezinezimbiwa, kuphuculwe uqoqosho lwemisebenzi yemigodi.