Iindlela zeGold Cyanidation Plant Cyanide Water Treatment

In Gold Cyanidation Plants, nangona abanye Amanzi amdaka eCyanide iyarisayikilishwa, kusekho ezinye i-cyanide amanzi amdaka okanye iintsalela zecyanide ezilahlwayo. I-Cyanide inetyhefu kakhulu, ngoko ke unyango lobuchwephesha lwala manzi amdaka e-cyanide lubalulekile ngaphambi kokuba akhutshelwe ukunqanda ukungcoliseka kwendalo kunye nomonakalo kwimpilo yabantu neyezilwanyana. Okwangoku, ezi zilandelayo ziindlela eziqhelekileyo zokunyanga amanzi amdaka ecyanide kwizityalo zegolide zecyanidation.

Iindlela zoNyango lwamanzi amdaka eCyanide aPhakathi naPhantsi

Indlela ye-Alkaline yeChlorination

Indlela ye-alkaline chlorination yindlela esetyenziswa kakhulu. Kule ndlela, i-chlorine oxidant ene-high charge oxidation state yongezwa kumanzi amdaka e-alkaline cyanide. Ii-oxidants eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-ClO₂, i-Cl₂ (igesi kunye nolwelo), i-bleaching powder, i-sodium hypochlorite, i-calcium hypochlorite, kunye ne-chlorite. Kwisisombululo se-alkaline, i-OCl⁻ okanye i-high - charge chloride oxidation idla ngokuveliswa. Okokuqala, i-cyanide i-oxidation ibe yi-cyanate, ize emva koko i-oxidation ibe yi -Carbon dioxide kunye ne-nitrogen.

• Iingenelo : Ii-reagents zifumaneka ngokubanzi kwaye azibizi kakhulu. Isiphumo sonyango silungile, kwaye izixhobo ezisetyenziswayo zilula, okulula ukuzenza ngokuzenzekelayo.

• Iingxaki : Ekubeni i-cyanogen chloride eveliswayo inetyhefu, iyingozi kakhulu kubasebenzisi. I-cyanogen chloride xa idibana namanzi inokuvelisa umsi odlakadlaka, nto leyo ebangela umonakalo omkhulu kwizixhobo.

Indlela ye-Inco

Indlela ye-Inco yaphuhliswa yi-Inco Ltd. kwi-1982. Ikakhulu ibandakanya ukongeza umxube we-SO₂ kunye nomoya kumanzi amdaka e-cyanide kunye nokulawula ixabiso le-pH phakathi kwe-8 - 10. I-ion ze-divalent zethusi zibangela i-oxidation ye-cyanide kumanzi amdaka.

• Iingenelo : Indlela ye-Inco ilula, kwaye izixhobo ezisetyenziswayo azinzima. Isiphumo sonyango ngokubanzi singcono kunenkqubo ye-chlorination (ngaphandle kokuqwalasela ubuthi be-thiocyanate). Imithombo ye-reagent ibanzi kakhulu, kwaye utyalo-mali luphantsi kunelo lwenkqubo ye-alkaline chlorination.

• Iingxaki : Indlela ye-Inco inobunzima bokuxovula i-SCN⁻, kwaye i-SCN⁻ inokwahlukanisa i-CN⁻ kamva, ngoko ke ayifanelekanga ukunyanga amanzi amdaka e-cyanide nge-SCN⁻ enoxinzelelo oluphezulu. I-SO₂ ikwangungcolisi womoya kwaye inokubaleka ize ivuze ngexesha lokusabela, ingcolise okusingqongileyo.

I-H₂O₂ Indlela ye-Oxidation

Phantsi kweemeko zexabiso le-pH le-9.5 - 11. ubushushu obuqhelekileyo, kunye nobhedu (Cu²⁺) ion njenge-catalyst, i-H₂O₂ i-oxidizes cyanide ukuvelisa i-CNO⁻. I-CNO⁻ iya kuhlanjululwa ngakumbi nge-hydrolyzed ukuvelisa i-NH₄⁺ kunye ne-CO₃²⁻, kwaye izinga le-hydrolysis lixhomekeke kwi-pH.

• Iingenelo : Isiphumo sonyango lwamanzi amdaka e-cyanide silungile, kwaye inkqubo ilula. Indlela ye-oxidation ifanelekile ekunyangeni amanzi amdaka e-cyanide anomthamo omncinci, kwaye uxinzelelo lwe-cyanide emva konyango lungaphantsi kwe-0.5mg/L.

• Iingxaki : I-H₂O₂ iyingozi kwaye iyakonakalisa, ngoko ke ukuthuthwa kwayo nokusetyenziswa kwayo kuyingozi. Indlela ye-oxidation inobunzima ekuxobiseni i-SCN⁻ emanzini amdaka, kwaye amanzi amdaka acociweyo asenobuthi.

Indlela ye-Ozone oxidation

I-ozone inamandla kakhulu okxidation, inamandla e-electrode eyi-2.07mV, okwesibini emva kwefluorine. Iyakwazi ukubola ngokulula amalungu angenako ukubola ngezinye ii-oxidants. I-chemical reaction mechanism yenkqubo ye-ozone oxidation kukuba i-ozone idibana ne-cyanide ukuvelisa i-cyanate, ethi emva koko i-hydrolyzed ukuvelisa i-nitrogen kunye ne-carbonate.

• Iingenelo : Ifuna izixhobo kuphela ukuvelisa i-ozone kwaye ayidingi kuthenga nokuthutha iikhemikhali. Le nkqubo ilula kwaye ilula, ayinangcoliseko lwesibini.

• Iingxaki : Ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu zeejenereyitha ze-ozone kunye nobunzima bokugcinwa kwezixhobo, kukho imida ethile kwizicelo zoshishino. Indlela ye-ozone oxidation idla umbane omninzi, ngoko ke kunzima ukuyisebenzisa kwiindawo ezingenamandla aneleyo.

Iindlela zoNyango kuManzi-aManzi amdaka eCyanide

Indlela ye-Acidification

Indlela ye-acidification inokunyanga uninzi lwezisombululo eziphezulu ze-cyanide (60 × 10⁻⁶ + NaCN) ezikhutshwe kwiifektri. Ukugxininiswa kweeyoni ze-cyanide zamahhala kwisisombululo kunokuncitshiswa kwi-1 × 10⁻⁶.

• Iingenelo : Ingaphucula ukubuyiswa kwe-cyanide, isebenzise izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo, kwaye ineenzuzo ezinkulu kwezoqoqosho.

• Iingxaki : Utyalo-mali oluqala kube kanye lukhulu kakhulu, kwaye amanye amashishini amancinci naphakathi awakwazi ukuluhlawulela. Lo msebenzi unzima, kwaye i-pulp enyangiweyo isenobunzima bokufikelela kwimigangatho yokukhupha.

Indlela yokuthotywa kwendalo

Indlela yokuthotywa kwemvelo yindlela yokucoca echitha i-cyanide isebenzisa izinto zendalo ezifana nokukhanya. Iquka imiphumo ye-cyanide volatilization, ukubola, i-oxidation, ukuchithwa kwe-photochemical, i-biodegradation, imvula, kunye ne-adsorption, okusisiphumo sesiphumo esinzima esibanzi se-chemistry yomzimba, i-photochemistry, kunye ne-biochemistry.

• Iingenelo : Indlela yendalo yokucoca i-cyanide inokufezekisa injongo yokususa i-cyanide ngaphandle kwezixhobo okanye naziphi na iikhemikhali, ngoko ke ixabiso liphantsi kakhulu.

• Iingxaki : Le nkqubo icotha kakhulu, kwaye amanzi amdaka acociweyo awakwazi ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokukhupha amanzi.

ISibini-Inqanaba leNdlela yokuNika kweMvula

Indlela yokufumana imvula enezigaba ezibini yindlela esebenzayo evaliweyo - i-loop epheleleyo - indlela yomjikelo ephuhliswe kwizityalo zegolide ze-cyanidation ezincinci neziphakathi ezinomlinganiselo ophezulu we-SCN⁻ wamanzi amdaka, anokufikelela "i-zero discharge" yamanzi amdaka. Indlela yemvula enezigaba ezimbini ibandakanya ikakhulu ukongeza i-catalyst kunye neoksijini eyaneleyo kwicyanide kumanzi amdaka, kunye nokususa i-cyanide ngokusabela kulandelayo kwimathiriyeli ethwele igolide.

2Cu⁺ + 2SCN⁻→Cu₂(SCN)₂↓

Ca²⁺ + SO₄²⁻→CaSO₄↓

Pb²⁺ + SO₄²⁻→PbSO₄↓

H⁺ + CN⁻→HCN

• Iingenelo : Ingasusa ii-ion zesinyithi ezinzima kwisisombululo kwaye ifezekise ukuphinda kusetyenziswe amanzi amdaka.

• Iingxaki : Inyathelo lokuqala lokuna kwemvula kufuneka ligqitywe. Ngaphandle koko, xa kudityaniswa i-alkali, i-cuprous rhodanate iya kunyibilika kwakhona, ichaphazele isiphumo sonyango. I-CaSO₄ engavuthiyo inokubangela ukuvaleka kwevalvu.

Ezi ziindlela eziqhelekileyo zokunyanga amanzi amdaka ecyanide kwizityalo zegolide zecyanidation. Ukongeza kwezi ndlela zingasentla ze-cyanide - iindlela zokususa, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide kwinkqubo ye-cyanidation yegolide kunokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwamanzi amdaka e-cyanide.