Ingakanani i-sodium cyanide efunekayo ukunyibilikisa igram enye yegolide?

Kwintsimi yokukhutshwa kwegolide kunye nokusebenza, ukusetyenziswa kwe Isodium cyanide ukunyibilikisa igolide yindlela eyaziwayo. Isodium i-cyanide, apho i-(CN)₂ icandelo lihlala libizwa ngokuba yi-pseudohalogen ngenxa yeempawu ezifanayo kwi-halogens, kunye nezinto ezifana (SCN)₂, iqaliswe kwicandelo elithile lekhosi ye-"Inorganic Chemistry" kwinqanaba leyunivesithi. Ngokwesakhiwo kunye neepropati, i-NaCN inokulinganiswa ne-NaCl, kwaye iyingxenye ye-inorganic compounds.

Inkqubo Jikelele yokuNyibilika kweGolide ngeSodium Cyanide

Inkqubo yokusebenzisa sodium cyanide ukunyibilikisa igolide ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya ukugcina uluhlu lwe-pH lwe-11 - 12. Ukongeza isixa esincinci se-hydrogen peroxide kukwayinxalenye yenkqubo. Igolide-equlethe izinto ezifunekayo kufuneka zifakwe iintsuku eziliqela. Emva koko, i-zinc wire isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa. Kufuneka kugxininiswe ukuba isisombululo esisetyenzisiweyo sinetyhefu kakhulu kwaye kufuneka siphathwe nge-sodium hypochlorite ye-oxidation ukuze inike ingozi encinci.

Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokukhupha i-cyanide yegolide: I-Percolation Cyanide Leaching kwaye Ukuphazamiseka kweCyanide Leaching.

I-Percolation Cyanide Leaching

I-Percolation cyanide leaching ibandakanya ukuvuza kwetanki kunye nokuvuza kweemfumba. I-tank leaching kwi-percolation isoloko isetyenziselwa ukunyanga igolide-intlabathi ethwele kunye ne-coarse-grawed-calcines enobuncinci obuyi-3 + 0mm. Xa kusenziwa ingqumba yentsimbi ekrwada yomgangatho ophantsi, ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani besuntswana legolide esasazwayo kunye nobunzulu bentsimbi ekrwada, intsimbi idla ngokutyunyuzwa ibe ngaphantsi kwee-50mm (okanye i-10mm) kwangaphambili. Ubukhulu besuntswana leebhloko zentsimbi, kokukhona liphezulu izinga legolide lokuvuza. Ngexesha le-percolation cyanide leaching, ukuxinana kwe Isodium cyanide ngokuqhelekileyo yi-0.03% - 0.2%. Izalathi ze-percolation cyanide leaching zixhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nobungakanani bamasuntswana egolide, umxholo we-sulfide, ubungakanani besuntswana leebhloko ze-ore, isantya se-percolation, ixesha le-leaching, ukuxinana kwee-agent ze-cyanide, kunye neqondo lokuhlanjwa kwentsalela ye-leaching. Xa uphatha igolide - ukuthwala isanti ye-quartz, izinga legolide le-leaching lingafikelela kwi-85% - 90%; xa ubungakanani besuntswana burhabaxa, izinga legolide lehla ukuya kuma-60%. Ngexesha le-percolation ye-cyanide heap leaching, umxholo wegolide kwisisombululo esikhulelweyo uphantsi, kwaye ngokubanzi, i-carbon adsorption esebenzayo iyafuneka ukutyebisa. Igolide ikhutshwe kwisisombululo esikhulelweyo esifunyenwe kwi-desorption yegolide - ilayishwe ikhabhoni nge-electrowinning okanye i-zinc replacement.

Ukuphazamiseka kweCyanide Leaching

I-agitation cyanide leaching isoloko isetyenziselwa ukukhupha igolide-ithwele imathiriyeli ekrwada yeminerali enesuntswana lobungakanani obungaphantsi kwe-0.3mm. Inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwamanzi yenzeka kwitanki exineneyo – kwitanki ephazamisayo yomoya, kwitanki yokuzamazama yomatshini, okanye kwitanki ephazamisayo edityanisiweyo. Inkqubo yokucoca ibandakanya imisebenzi enje ngokuqinileyo - ukwahlula ulwelo lwepulp, ikhawuntara - ukuhlanjwa kwangoku, ukutshintshwa komgubo wezinki endaweni yesisombululo esikhulelweyo, kunye nokunyibilikiswa kodaka lwegolide. Uxinzelelo lwepulp evuzayo luhlala lungaphantsi kwama-30% - 33%. Xa umxholo we-slime uphezulu, ukuxinwa kwe-pulp leached kufuneka kube ngaphantsi kwe-22% - 25%. Ngethuba lokusebenza, i-lime yongezwa ukulungelelanisa i-pH ye-pulp ukuya kwi-9 - 12. Umoya uhlawuliswa ukugcina umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo phakathi kwe-concentration ye-oksijeni edibeneyo kunye ne-sodium cyanide concentration kwi-pulp. Ukuxinwa kwe-sodium cyanide kwi-pulp ngokuqhelekileyo yi-0.02% - 0.1%. Uninzi lwee-concentrators ezisebenzisa inkqubo ye-agitation cyanidation zisebenzisa indlela yokuhlamba ukwahlula isisombululo esikhulelweyo kunye nentsalela ye-leaching. Iindlela zokuhlamba zinokwahlulwa zibe yi-decantation, filtration, kunye ne-fluidized - ibhedi yokuhlamba. Eyona ndlela isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yi-counter counter - current decantation method (indlela yeCCD). I-thickeners esetyenziswe kule ndlela inokohlulwa ibe yinye - umaleko kunye neentlobo ezininzi. Uninzi lwe-cyanide concentrators e-China lusebenzisa i-2 - 3 - i-thickeners layers for solid - ukwahlula ulwelo kunye ne-counter eqhubekayo - ukuhlamba ngoku. Isisombululo esifunyenweyo sokukhulelwa sicaciswa, sihluzwe, kwaye sikhutshwe ngaphambi kokuba sithunyelwe kwi-zinc powder replacement. Udaka lwegolide olufunyenweyo luyanyibilikiswa ukufumana i-dore (igolide - i-alloy yesilivere).

Indima yeAlkaline Pretreatment

Ukongeza i-sodium hydroxide ye-alkaline pretreatment inokwenza buthathaka okanye isuse impembelelo yezinto ezinobungozi kwi-ore, iphucule indawo yokucoca, kwaye ifezekise iziphumo ezingcono zokucoca. Izimbiwa ezifana nepyrite, sphalerite, kunye ne-chalcopyrite ezikhoyo kwisampulu yeore zinokuvelisa iiyoni ezinobungozi ezifana neFe²⁺, Fe³⁺, S²⁻, kunye neCu²⁺. Ukuba akukho alkali - ukongezwa kwangaphambili kwenziwa, ezi ion ziyingozi ziya kutya isixa esikhulu se-cyanide kunye neoksijini enyityilisiweyo ngexesha le-cyanide leaching, lithintele ngokunzulu ukunyibilika kwegolide kwaye kubangele ukuhla kwezinga legolide lokuphuma. Ngexesha le-alkali-eyongeziweyo yonyango lwangaphambili, i-Cu²⁺ kunye ne-Zn²⁺ zenza ihydroxide enganyibilikiyo, kwaye i-S²⁻ ifakwe ioksijini ukuze yenze i-SO₃ kunye ne-SO₄²⁻, inciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide. I-Fe (OH) ₃ yenza ifilimu ekhuselayo phezu komhlaba wamaminerali afana ne-pyrite, ukukhusela i-oxidation yayo ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuchithwa okuqhubekayo, ngoko ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-CN⁻.

Isixa seSodium Cyanide efunekayo ukuNyibilikisa iGolide

Idatha yeenkcukacha-manani ibonisa ukuba malunga ne-100 - 300 grams ye-sodium cyanide efunekayo ukunyibilikisa igram enye yegolide. Esi sixa sinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi ezifana nodidi lwentsimbi ekrwada, ukucoleka kwamasuntswana egolide, kunye nendlela ethile yokuvuza esetyenzisiweyo.

Ukuqukumbela, ngelixa ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kwi Ukuchithwa kweGolide yindlela esebenzayo, kubalulekile ukunikela ingqalelo kukhuseleko kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo ngenxa yetyhefu ye-sodium cyanide. Amanyathelo okhuseleko angqongqo kunye nonyango olululo lwezisombululo zenkunkuma zibalulekile ukuze kuncitshiswe iimpembelelo ezingalunganga kwimpilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo.