Indlela yokusebenza ye-agent leaching sodium cyanide

1. intshayelelo

I-Sodium cyanide (NaCN) sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokukhupha isinyithi esixabisekileyo, ingakumbi igolide nesilivere. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwishishini lezemigodi kuqale ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, kwaye ukususela ngoko ibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeenkqubo ze-hydrometallurgical zokufumana ezi metallurgical kwiintsimbi zazo. Eli nqaku lijonga indlela esebenza ngayo iSodium cyanide kwinkqubo yokukhupha isinyithi esixabisekileyo , lisikhanyisela ngeempendulo zayo zamakhemikhali, indima yezinto ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokubaluleka kwayo ekukhupheni isinyithi esixabisekileyo.

2. Iimpawu zeMichiza yeSodium Cyanide

I-sodium cyanide sisiqina esimhlophe, esikristale esinyibilika lula emanzini. Kwisisombululo samanzi, siyaqhekeka sibe yi-sodium ions (Na+) kunye ne -Cyanide ions (CN-). I-cyanide ion yeyona nto iphambili enoxanduva lokukhupha iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo. Njenge-ligand enamandla, inobuhlobo obuphezulu kwii-ion ezithile zesinyithi, ngakumbi igolide nesilivere. Le propati iyivumela ukuba yenze ii-complexes ezizinzileyo ngezi metals, nto leyo ebalulekileyo kwindima yayo njenge-agent yokukhupha iintsimbi.

3. Inkqubo yokuLeaching yeGolide kunye neSilivere ngeSodium Cyanide

3.1 Iintshukumo zeMichiza

Xa kutsalwa igolide kusetyenziswa iSodium Cyanide , le mpendulo yenzeka xa kukho ioksijini kwindawo enamanzi. Ii-ion zeCyanide zenza i-complex enyibilikayo enegolide, apho ioksijini isebenza njenge-oxidizing agent ukuze kube lula inkqubo. Le mpendulo ifanayo yenzeka xa kutsalwa isilivere, apho ii-athomu zesilivere zisabela nesodium cyanide kunye neoksijini ukuze zenze i-complex yesilivere-cyanide enyibilikayo.

3.2 Amanyathelo okusabela kwiNqanaba leMolekyuli

Ukusasazwa : I-sodium cyanide iyahlukana emanzini ukuze ikhuphe ii-ion ze-cyanide. Ezi i-ion ze-cyanide, kunye neemolekyuli ze-oksijini ezinyibilikisiweyo, zihamba ngesisombululo ukuze zifikelele kumphezulu wee-particles zegolide okanye zesilivere ngaphakathi kwe-ore. Isantya sale diffusion sinokuchaphazeleka zizinto ezifana nobushushu, ukushukuma, kunye ne-viscosity yesisombululo. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nokushukuma okunamandla kudla ngokunyusa izinga lokusasazeka ngokunyusa amandla e-molecular kinetic kunye nokuphucula ukuxubana kwesisombululo.

Ukufunxwa : Xa sele ikwindawo yesinyithi, ii-ion ze-cyanide kunye neemolekyuli zeoksijini zinamathela kumphezulu weenxalenye zegolide okanye zesilivere. Ukufunxwa kwee-ion ze-cyanide kukhetha kakhulu ngenxa yokuba zinamandla kakhulu kwisinyithi. Ukufunxwa kweoksijini kubaluleke ngokulinganayo njengoko kubonelela ngamandla afunekayo okufunxwa kwimpendulo elandelayo.

I-Electrochemical Reaction : Kumda ophakathi kwesinyithi nesisombululo, kuvela i-electrochemical reaction. Ii-athomu zegolide okanye zesilivere ezikumphezulu ziyanyibilika, zijike zibe yi-metal ions. Ezi i-metal ions emva koko ziphendula kunye ne-anide ezifakwe kwi-adsorbed ukuze zenze ii-complexes ze-metal-cyanide ezinyibilikayo. I-oxidation yesinyithi ikhupha ii-electron, ezisetyenziswa ngexesha lokunciphisa i-oxygen kwisisombululo.

Ukucocwa nokuSasazwa : Ii-metal-cyanide complexes ezenziweyo ziyahlukana kumphezulu wesinyithi zize zisasazeke ziye emzimbeni ophambili wesisombululo. Oku kuvula indlela yokuba ii-ion ezintsha ze-cyanide kunye neemolekyuli zeoksijini zingene kumphezulu wesinyithi, nto leyo evumela ukuba inkqubo yokuvuza iqhubeke.

4. Imiba echaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kweSodium Cyanide

4.1 Uxinzelelo lweSodium Cyanide

Isixa se-sodium cyanide kwisisombululo se-leaching sichaphazela kakhulu izinga le-leaching. Ekuqaleni, njengoko i-concentration ye-sodium cyanide inyuka, kunjalo nesantya apho igolide kunye nesilivere zitsalwa khona, njengoko ii-ion ze-cyanide ezininzi zifumaneka ukusabela ngesinyithi. Kodwa ngaphaya kwendawo ethile, izinga le-leaching linokuyeka ukunyuka okanye lihle. Oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokuba ekugxininiseni okuphezulu, ii-ion ze-cyanide zidibana namanzi zenze i-hydrogen cyanide, into eguqukayo ephuma kwisisombululo, icuthe ukuhlangana okusebenzayo kweeyoni ze-cyanide xa ziphuma.

4.2 Uxinzelelo lweOxygen

Ioksijini ibalulekile kwinkqubo ye-sodium cyanide leaching. Kudingeka i-oxidize igolide kunye nesilivere, inyathelo elifunekayo ngaphambi kokuba benze ii-complexes kunye ne-cyanide ions. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-oksijini enyibilikileyo kwisisombululo ngokubanzi akhokelela kumazinga okukhawuleza okukhupha. Kuba ioksijini inokunyibilika okulinganiselweyo emanzini, iinkqubo zokuvuza kwimizi-mveliso zihlala zisebenzisa iindlela ezinje nge-aeration okanye umoya otyetyisiweyo weoksijini ukonyusa uxinzelelo lweoksijini.

I-4.3 pH yeSisombululo

I-pH yesisombululo se-leaching ibalulekile ekugcineni uzinzo lwee-ion ze-cyanide kunye nenkqubo yonke yokucoca. Iiyoni ze-cyanide zihlala zizinzile kwizisombululo ze-alkaline. Kwiimeko ezineasidi, zidibana ne-hydrogen ion zenze ityhefu ephezulu kunye negesi ye-hydrogen cyanide eguqukayo. Ukuze ugweme oku kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwe-cyanide ions, i-pH yesisombululo se-leaching ivame ukugcinwa phakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-11. I-Lime idla ngokudityaniswa kwisisombululo ukulungisa nokugcina i-pH kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo.

4.4 Ubushushu

Ubushushu buchaphazela inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwamanzi ngeendlela ezininzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kukhawuleza ukusabela kweekhemikhali, kubandakanywa ukusasazwa kwee-reactants, i-adsorption ye-cyanide ion kunye neoksijini kumphezulu wesinyithi, kunye ne-electrochemical reaction. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iingxaki. Kubushushu obuphezulu, ii-ion ze-cyanide zinokwenzeka ukuba zingene kwi-hydrolysis, ekhokelela ekulahlekeni kwe-cyanide njengegesi ye-hydrogen cyanide. Ngaphezu koko, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu anokunyusa ukunyibilika kokungcola kwi-ore, enokuthi iphazamise inkqubo yokucoca okanye ibangele ukusetyenziswa okugqithisileyo kweeion ze-cyanide. Ngokwesiqhelo, iqondo lobushushu elivuzayo lihlala limalunga ne-20 - 30 °C, nangona amaqondo obushushu aphezulu anokusetyenziswa ukuba kuthathwe amanyathelo afanelekileyo okulawula icyanide hydrolysis.

4.5 Ubungakanani besuntswana lentsimbi ekrwada

Ubungakanani bamaqhekeza e-ore buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-leaching. I-ores ene-finer-grained inikezela indawo enkulu yendawo yokusabela phakathi kweengqungquthela zetsimbi kunye nesisombululo se-leaching. Oku kukhuthaza ukusasazwa okukhawulezileyo kweeyoni zecyanide kunye neoksijini kumphezulu wesinyithi kunye nokwakheka okukhawulezayo kwee-metal-cyanide complexes, okukhokelela kwizinga eliphezulu lokuvuza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-ores e-coarser-grained ores inokufuna ixesha elide le-leaching okanye ukucubungula okunzulu ukufezekisa inqanaba elifanayo lokubuyisela isinyithi.

5. Ukubaluleka kokuqondwa kweMechanism

Ukuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo i-sodium cyanide kwinkqubo yokukhutshwa kwamanzi kubaluleke kakhulu kwishishini lemigodi. Ivumela iinjineli kunye nee-metallurgists ukuba zilungelelanise iiparamitha zenkqubo ye-leaching, ezinje ngoxinaniso lwe-reagent, i-pH, ubushushu, kunye nobungakanani bamasuntswana, ukunyusa amaxabiso okubuyisela isinyithi. Ngokusebenzisa ezi zinto, imboni inokukhupha iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo ngokufanelekileyo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-reagent, kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yokusebenzisa i-sodium cyanide. Ukongeza, olu lwazi lunokuqhuba uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji entsha nesebenzayo ngakumbi, mhlawumbi ngokuphucula iinkqubo ezikhoyo ezisekelwe kwi-cyanide okanye ukujonga ezinye ii-agent leaching.

6. Isiphelo

Isodium cyanide idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekutsalweni kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo ngenkqubo yokuvuza. Ngokuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo, kunye nemiba ephembelela ukusebenza kwayo, ishishini lezimayini lingaqhubeka nokuphucula ukusebenza kwalo, lisenza ukukhutshwa kwegolide nesilivere kuzinze ngakumbi kwaye kusebenze kakuhle. Uphando lwexesha elizayo lunokugxila ekuphuculeni ngakumbi iinkqubo ze-cyanide-based leaching okanye ukuphuhlisa ezinye iindlela ezintsha ezinokunciphisa iingozi zokusingqongileyo ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide.