Itekhnoloji eNtsha yokuThwelwa kweGolide: Uxinzelelo lwe-Oxidation - Inkqubo yeCyanidation

1. intshayelelo

Igolide ibisoloko inexabiso elikhulu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka ekwenzeni ubucwebe ukuya kwizinto zombane kunye nezemali. Ukukhupha igolide kwiintsimbi zayo ngokufanelekileyo nangoqoqosho ngumba obalulekileyo kushishino lwemigodi yegolide. Eyemveli Cyanidation inkqubo, esebenzisa i-cyanide njenge-ejenti ye-leaching yokunyibilikisa igolide kwi-ore, isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokukhupha kunye nokukhetha okulungileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ikwanayo nemida, ngakumbi xa isebenza nayo Iintsimbi zegolide eziRefractory. I-refractory ores zegolide zezo apho igolide ihlala inxulunyaniswa neeminerali zesulfide, kwaye indlela yendabuko ye-cyanidation ayinakukhupha igolide kubo. Oku kuye kwakhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kobuchwepheshe obutsha, phakathi kwayo i-oxidation yoxinzelelo - inkqubo ye-cyanidation ivelele.

2. Umgaqo-siseko we-Pressure Oxidation - Inkqubo yeCyanidation

2.1 Uxinzelelo lwe-Oxidation

Inyathelo lokuqala lale nkqubo intsha yi-oxidation yoxinzelelo. Kwizinto ezinqabileyo zegolide, igolide ihlala ifakwe ngaphakathi kweeminerali ze-sulfide ezifana ne-pyrite kunye ne-arsenopyrite. Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, i-cyanide ayikwazi ukufikelela kwigolide ngokufanelekileyo. Uxinzelelo lwe-oxidation lwenziwa kwi-autoclave kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu (ngokuqhelekileyo i-120 - 220 ° C) kunye noxinzelelo (i-atmospheres ezininzi). Kule ndawo yokushisa ephezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, i-sulfide minerals i-oxidized. Le nkqubo ye-oxidation idiliza iiminerali ze-sulfide, ikhulula igolide efihliweyo kwaye iyenze ifikeleleke ngakumbi kwisinyathelo esilandelayo se-cyanidation.

2.2 I-cyanidation

Emva koxinzelelo lwe-oxidation, i-ore slurry iphantsi kwenkqubo ye-cyanidation. Iiyoni ze-cyanide zisabela ngegolide xa kukho ioksijini. Igolide yenza umxube onyibilikayo kunye neeyoni zecyanide, ezinokuthi emva koko zohlulwe kumacandelo entsimbi ekrwada aseleyo ngeendlela ezinjengokwahlula okuqinileyo-ulwelo.

3. UkuHamba kweNkqubo

3.1 Ukulungiswa kwentsimbi

Inqanaba lokuqala kukulungisa intsimbi ekrwada. Igolide ekrwada ekrwada ekrwada ekrwada iqala ukutyunyuzwa kwaye icolwe ukuba ibe yincinci isayizi. Oku kwandisa indawo engaphezulu ye-ore, enenzuzo kuzo zombini i-oxidation yoxinzelelo kunye neenkqubo ze-cyanidation. Injongo kukuphumeza ubungakanani besuntswana elivumela ukuphendula okusebenzayo kweekhemikhali ngelixa kusalawuleka kumanyathelo okucubungula alandelayo.

3.2 Inqanaba le-Oxidation yoxinzelelo

Intsimbi ekrwada ecoliweyo ithi ke ifakwe kwi-autoclave. I-oksijeni ifakwe kwi-autoclave, kwaye ukushisa kunye noxinzelelo kulungelelaniswa kumanqanaba afanelekileyo. Ixesha lokuhlala kwi-autoclave liyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubume bentsimbi ekrwada kodwa ngokwesiqhelo ziiyure ezininzi. Ngeli xesha, i-sulfide minerals kwi-ore i-oxidized. Emva kokuba inkqubo ye-oxidation yoxinzelelo igqityiwe, i-slurry ikhutshwe kwi-autoclave.

3.3 Inqanaba leCyanidation

I-oxidized ore slurry iyapholiswa kwaye emva koko idluliselwe kwitanki ye-cyanidation. Isisombululo se-cyanide, ngokuqhelekileyo Isodium cyanide, yongezwa kwitanki. I-slurry iyaphazamiseka ukuqinisekisa ukudibanisa okulungileyo phakathi kwesisombululo se-cyanide kunye neengqungquthela ze-ore. Igolide ekwintsimbi ekrwada idibana neeayoni zecyanide zenze into enyibilikayo. Inkqubo ye-cyanidation idla ngokuthatha iiyure ezininzi ukufikelela phezulu Ukutsalwa kwegolide izinga.

3.4 UkuBuyiswa kweGolide

Emva kwenkqubo yokuxuba i-cyanidation, inyathelo elilandelayo kukufumana igolide kwisisombululo se-cyanide. Enye indlela eqhelekileyo yi- ICarbon Inkqubo ye-in-pulp (CIP) okanye i-carbon-in-leach (CIL). I-activated carbon yongezwa kwisisombululo se-cyanide, kwaye i-gold-cyanide complex ifunxwa kumphezulu we- Ikhabhoni esebenzayoIkhabhoni enegolide efunxiweyo iyahlulwa kwisisombululo. Enye indlela kukuchithwa kwe-zinc, apho umgubo we-zinc wongezwa kwisisombululo se-cyanide. I-Zinc isusa igolide kwi-complex, yenza igolide yesinyithi, enokucoca kwaye icocwe ngakumbi.

3.5 Unyango lwe-Tailings

I-slurry eseleyo emva kokubuyiswa kwegolide yimisila. Ekubeni iintsalela zisenokuba ne-cyanide kunye nezinye izinto eziyingozi, unyango olufanelekileyo luyimfuneko. I-tailings idla ngokuxhomekeke kwiinkqubo ze-detoxification ukudiliza i-cyanide eseleyo. Oku kunokufezekiswa ngeendlela ezifana nekhemikhali oxidation okanye unyango lwebhayoloji. Emva kwe-detoxification, ii-tailings zinokulahlwa ngokukhuselekileyo.

4. Izinto eziluncedo kwi-Pressure Oxidation - Inkqubo yeCyanidation

4.1 Ixabiso eliphezulu lokuBuyisa iGolide

Kwizinto ezinqabileyo zegolide, i-oxidation yoxinzelelo - inkqubo ye-cyanidation inokufikelela kumazinga aphezulu okubuyisela igolide xa kuthelekiswa ne-cyanidation yendabuko. Kwezinye iimeko, izinga lokufunyanwa kwegolide lingafikelela ngaphezu kwe-90%, ngelixa i-cyanidation yemveli inokufikelela kuphela kwi-30 - 60% yentsimbi ekrwada efanayo. Oku kungenxa yokuba inyathelo le-oxidation yoxinzelelo likhulula ngokufanelekileyo igolide kwiiminerali zesulfide, ivumela i-cyanide ukuba isabele nayo ngokufanelekileyo.

4.2 Ukuziqhelanisa neeNdawo ezikrwada ezikrwada

Le nkqubo inokusingatha iindidi ezininzi zeentsimbi zegolide eziphikisayo, nokuba ziqulethe amanqanaba aphezulu eeminerali zesulfide okanye amanye amacandelo anzima. Ibonelela ngokuguquguquka ekukhetheni intsimbi kwiinkampani zemigodi, njengoko zingaphelelanga ekusetyenzweni ngokulula - iintsimbi ezinokunyangeka.

4.3 Iindleko - Ukusebenza ngexesha elide

Nangona utyalo-mali lokuqala ekwakheni i-oxidation yoxinzelelo - isityalo se-cyanidation siphezulu ngenxa yesidingo sezixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-autoclaves, ekuhambeni kwexesha, kunokuba yindleko-esebenzayo. Izinga eliphezulu lokubuyisela igolide lithetha ukuba igolide eninzi inokuveliswa ukusuka kwisixa esifanayo se-ore, ukwandisa ingeniso. Ukongeza, inkqubo ezinzileyo inciphisa umngcipheko welahleko yemveliso ngenxa yokutsalwa okungasebenzi kakuhle.

5. Imingeni kunye nezisombululo

5.1 Utyalo-mali oluNkunzi oluPhezulu

Ukwakhiwa koxinzelelo lwe-oxidation - iplanti ye-cyanidation ifuna isixa esikhulu sotyalo-mali lwenkunzi. Ii-autoclaves, eziyimfuneko kwinkqubo ye-oxidation yoxinzelelo, zibiza kakhulu ukuthenga nokufaka. Ukukhawulelana nalo mceli mngeni, iinkampani zemigodi zinokuthathela ingqalelo iindlela ezidityanelweyo okanye zenkxaso-mali yexesha elide. Basenokwenza uphononongo oluneenkcukacha lokwenzekayo phambi kokuba benze utyalo-mali ukuze baqinisekise ukubakho koqoqosho lweprojekthi.

5.2 IiNkalo zokusiNgqongileyo noKhuseleko

I-cyanide yinto enetyhefu kakhulu, kwaye nakuphi na ukuvuza okanye ukulahlwa okungafanelekanga kunokubangela iingxaki ezinzulu zokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko. Kwi-oxidation yoxinzelelo - inkqubo ye-cyanidation, amanyathelo okhuseleko angqongqo kufuneka abe khona. Oku kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kokuvuza - izixhobo zobungqina, iinkqubo ezivaliweyo ze-loop zokujikeleza kwesisombululo se-cyanide, kunye nokubeka iliso rhoqo kumanqanaba e-cyanide kwindalo. Kunyango lweentsalela zezimbiwa, itekhnoloji ephucukileyo yokukhutshwa kwetyhefu kufuneka isetyenziswe ukuqinisekisa ukuba iintsalela ezikhutshiweyo azibeki soyikiso kokusingqongileyo.

5.3 Ukuntsokotha kwezobuGcisa

Ukusebenza kwe-oxidation yoxinzelelo - inkqubo ye-cyanidation idinga umgangatho ophezulu wobuchule bobugcisa. Abasebenzi kufuneka baqeqeshwe kakuhle ekusebenziseni i-autoclave, ukulawula ukushisa kunye noxinzelelo, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukongezwa okufanelekileyo kwee-reagents kwinkqubo ye-cyanidation. Iinkampani zemigodi zinokutyala imali kwiinkqubo zokuqeqesha abasebenzi bazo okanye ziqeshe amagcisa anamava. Basenokuseka ubuhlakani namaziko ophando ukuze bahambisane nophuhliso lwamva nje lwetekhnoloji kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo.

6. Isiphelo

Uxinzelelo lwe-oxidation - inkqubo ye-cyanidation yinkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kwintsimi yokukhutshwa kwegolide, ngakumbi kwiintsimbi zegolide ezikhanyelayo. Ibonelela ngamazinga aphezulu okubuyisela igolide, ukuguquguquka kwiintsimbi ezahlukeneyo, kunye neendleko zexesha elide - ukusebenza kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, njengayo nayiphi na itekhnoloji, ikwajongene nemingeni efana notyalo-mali olukhulu, iinkxalabo zokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko, kunye nobunzima bobugcisa. Ngokujongana nale mingeni ngocwangciso olululo, utyalo-mali kukhuseleko kunye noqeqesho, kunye nokwenziwa ngokutsha kobuchwepheshe obuqhubekayo, inkqubo ye-oxidation yoxinzelelo - i-cyanidation inokudlala indima ekhulayo kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini lemigodi yegolide.