I-Sodium Cyanide: Ikhemikhali enamandla eneMisebenzi yezoShishino eyahluka-hlukeneyo

intshayelelo

Sodium i-cyanide, ikhemikhali emelwe njenge-NaCN, i-white crystalline compound ebambe indawo ebalulekileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo ngenxa yeempawu zayo zeekhemikhali ezikhethekileyo. Nangona idume kakubi njengento enetyhefu kakhulu, sodium cyanide idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezifana nemigodi, i-chemical synthesis, kunye ne-electroplating. Eli nqaku liphonononga iipropati, izicelo zemizi-mveliso, imingcipheko, kunye nemilinganiselo yokhuseleko eyayanyaniswa nayo Isodium cyanide.

Iimpawu zeMichiza

I-sodium cyanide yi-inorganic compound yodidi lwe iicyanides. Yenziwa ngokusabela kwe-sodium hydroxide kunye ne-hydrogen cyanide. Le khompawundi inyibilika kakhulu emanzini, kwaye ukuphinda kusebenze kwayo ngeeasidi kuyinkxalabo ethile. Nini Isodium cyanide Ithi idibane neeasidi, inokuvelisa irhasi yehydrogen cyanide ebulalayo.

I-sodium cyanide nayo inamandla okusabela ngeentsimbi ezithile. Ngokucacileyo, xa kukho ioksijini, inokunyibilikisa igolide nesilivere, yenze iikhompawundi ezintsonkothileyo zecyanide. Le propati ixhatshazwa kwi ukumbiwa kwegolide shishini.

Izicelo zeMizi-mveliso

Ukumbiwa kweGolide

Olunye lolona setyenziso lubalaseleyo lwesodium cyanide kushishino lwemigodi yegolide. I-"cyanide leaching process" isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukukhupha igolide kwintsimbi ekrwada. Kule nkqubo, i-sodium cyanide isetyenziselwa ukunyibilikisa amasuntswana egolide kwintsimbi ekrwada, yenze i-soluble gold cyanide complexes. Ezi complexes ke ngoko zinokwahlulwa kwi-ore matrix kwaye zisetyenzwe ngakumbi ukufumana igolide esulungekileyo. Inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwe-cyanide isebenza kakuhle kakhulu kwaye inexabiso eliphezulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yinto eqhelekileyo kwimisebenzi yokomba igolide kwihlabathi jikelele. Nangona kunjalo, iphakamisa inkxalabo yokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko ngenxa yetyhefu ye-sodium cyanide.

Imichiza yokuHlanganisa

I-sodium cyanide isebenza njenge-precursor ebalulekileyo kwi-chemical synthesis. Isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto eziphuma kuzo ezifumana izicelo kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Kwishishini lamachiza, i-cyanide - i-compounds ephuma kwi-cyanide isetyenziswe kwi-synthesis yamachiza afana ne-penicillin, i-vitamin B6. kunye ne-folic acid. Kwishishini le-agrochemical, i-sodium cyanide ibandakanyeka kwimveliso ye-pesticides efana ne-glyphosate kunye ne-cyanofenphos. Ukongeza, idlala indima ekwenziweni kwedayi kunye ne-pigments, njenge-indigo kunye ne-phthalocyanine blue.

I-Electroplating

Kwi-electroplating, i-sodium cyanide yinto ephambili. Isetyenziswa ekufakweni kweentsimbi njengegolide, isilivere, ubhedu, kunye nezinc kumphezulu wezinye iintsimbi. I-sodium cyanide inceda ekwenziweni kweyunifomu kunye nokubambelela kwintsimbi yesinyithi ngokuququzelela ukufakwa kwee-ion zetsimbi ukusuka kwi-electrolyte kwi-substrate. Kwakhona kunceda ekulawuleni izinga lokubeka kunye nokuphucula umgangatho we-plated layer. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobutyhefu bayo, ezinye iinkqubo ze-non-cyanide electroplating ziyaphuhliswa kwaye zamkelwe kwezinye iimeko.

Imingcipheko kunye neMilinganiselo yoKhuseleko

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kuza nemingcipheko ebalulekileyo ngenxa yetyhefu egqithisileyo. Ukuphefumla, ukungeniswa, okanye ukudibana kwesikhumba nesodium cyanide okanye izisombululo zayo zinokubulala. Xa sele ingaphakathi emzimbeni, i-sodium cyanide iyahlukana ukukhulula ii-ion ze-cyanide. Ezi ion zibophelela kwi-enzyme ebandakanyekayo ekuphefumleni kweselula, inqanda umsebenzi we-enzyme. Oku kuthintela iiseli ekusebenziseni ioksijini, okukhokelela kwi-thishu hypoxia kwaye ekugqibeleni zife.

Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko xa uphatha i-sodium cyanide, iiprotocol eziqinileyo kufuneka zilandelwe. Abasebenzi ababandakanyekayo kwimveliso, ukuthutha, okanye ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kufuneka bafumane uqeqesho olubanzi kwiingozi zayo kunye neenkqubo zokuphatha ezifanelekileyo. Izixhobo zokuzikhusela (PPE), kubandakanywa iiglavu, iiglavu, kunye nokhuseleko lokuphefumla, kufuneka zinxitywe ngawo onke amaxesha. Iindawo zokugcina i-sodium cyanide kufuneka zifakwe umoya kakuhle, zikhuseleke, kwaye ziyilelwe ukuthintela ukuvuza nokuchitheka. Kwimeko yokuchitheka okanye ukukhutshwa, imilinganiselo efanelekileyo yokusabela kwingxakeko, njengokuqulathwa kunye nokungathathi hlangothi usebenzisa iikhemikhali ezifanelekileyo ezifana ne-sodium thiosulfate, kufuneka iphunyezwe ngokukhawuleza.

Impembelelo kokusiNgqongileyo

Ukuchithwa okungafanelekanga kwe-sodium cyanide kunokuba nemiphumo emibi yendalo. Ukuba ikhutshelwe emanzini, i-sodium cyanide inokunyibilika kwaye ikhuphe ii-ion ze-cyanide, eziyityhefu kakhulu kubomi basemanzini. Kwanakwiqondo eliphantsi, icyanide inokwenzakalisa iintlanzi, izilwanyana ezingenamqolo, kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini, ziphazamise indalo yasemanzini. Emhlabeni, i-sodium cyanide inokuba neempembelelo ezingalunganga kwi-microorganisms zomhlaba kunye nokukhula kwezityalo.

Amashishini asebenzisa i-sodium cyanide kufuneka ahambelane nemigaqo engqongqo yokusingqongileyo. Le migaqo ilawula ukugcinwa, ukuphatha, kunye nokulahlwa kwe-sodium cyanide ukunciphisa ukukhululwa kwayo kwindalo. Iindlela zokunyanga i-cyanide - eziqulathe amanzi amdaka, afana nekhemikhali oxidation, unyango lwebhayoloji, kunye notshintshiselwano lwe-ion, zisetyenziselwa ukususa okanye ukukhupha i-cyanide phambi kokuba amanzi amdaka akhutshwe.

Imiba yoLawulo

Ngenxa yobutyhefu bayo obuphezulu kunye neengozi ezinokuthi zibekho kokusingqongileyo, i-sodium cyanide ixhomekeke kwimigaqo engqongqo kumanqanaba ezizwe ngezizwe, esizwe, nakwimimandla. Le migaqo ibandakanya yonke imiba ye-sodium cyanide, ukusuka kwimveliso yayo kunye nokuthutha ukuya ekusebenziseni kunye nokulahlwa kwayo. Ngokomzekelo, eUnited States, i-Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) kunye ne-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) imisele imimiselo yokuqinisekisa ukuphathwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwe-sodium cyanide. Amashishini asebenzisa i-sodium cyanide kufuneka ahambelane nale migaqo, ebandakanya iimfuno zokubhalwa ngokufanelekileyo, ukugcinwa, kunye nokucwangciswa kweempendulo ezingxamisekileyo.

Iindlela ezizezinye kwiSodium Cyanide

Ngenxa yeengozi ezinxulumene ne-sodium cyanide, kukho umdla okhulayo ekuphuhliseni nasekusebenziseni ezinye izinto. Kwishishini lemigodi yegolide, umzekelo, i-thiosulfate leaching ijongwa njengenye indlela yokukhupha icyanide. I-Thiosulfate yi-reagent enetyhefu encinci enokuthi isetyenziswe ukukhupha igolide kwintsimbi ekrwada. Nangona kunjalo, i-thiosulfate leaching inemingeni yayo, efana neendleko eziphezulu ze-reagent kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo olunzima ngakumbi. Ezinye iindlela ezizezinye eziphandwayo ziquka ukusetyenziswa kweendlela ze-bioleaching, ezixhomekeke kwii-microorganisms ukukhupha isinyithi kwi-ores, kunye ne-non-cyanide lixiviants njenge-halide-based solutions.

isiphelo

I-sodium cyanide yikhemikhali enamandla enoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo zoshishino. Iimpawu zayo ezizodwa zeekhemikhali ziyenza ibaluleke kakhulu kwimigodi yegolide, kwi-chemical synthesis, kunye ne-electroplating. Nangona kunjalo, ubutyhefu bayo obugqithisileyo kunye nokubakho kokwenzakala kokusingqongileyo kufuna amanyathelo angqongqo okhuseleko kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho. Njengoko amashishini eqhubeka efuna ezinye iindlela ezizinzileyo nezikhuselekileyo, uphando ekutshintsheni i-sodium cyanide ngezinto ezinobungozi obuncinci luyaqhubeka. Okwangoku, ukuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo, ukugcinwa, kunye nokulahlwa kwe-sodium cyanide kubalulekile ukunciphisa umngcipheko kwimpilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo.