Ukuphathwa ngokuKhuselekileyo kweeCyanides ezinetyhefu ephezulu/iSodium Cyanide

intshayelelo

I-cyanides, ngakumbi Isodium cyanide, zizinto eziyityhefu kakhulu. Ukuphathwa ngendlela engafanelekanga kunokukhokelela kwiingozi ezinzulu zempilo, ukungcoliswa kwendalo, kwanokubeka ubomi esichengeni. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nokuqonda okunzulu kwaye ulandele ngokungqongqo iiprothokholi zokhuseleko xa usebenza nezi khemikhali.

Izixhobo Ezikhuselayo (i-PPE)

Ukukhuselwa ngokuphefumla

Kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa isixhobo sokuphefumla esizimeleyo (SCBA) esixhotyiswe ngemaski yobuso obugcweleyo. Unikezwe ukuba IiCyanides inokuphefumlelwa ngohlobo lothuli, umsi, okanye irhasi, lo mlinganiselo ubaluleke kakhulu. I-SCBA kufuneka ixhotyiswe nge-high-effective particulate air (HEPA) filter ukuthintela nayiphi na i-cyanide - equlethe amasuntswana ekungeneni kwinkqubo yokuphefumla.

Impahla ekhuselayo

Nxiba i-suit yekhemikhali-enganyangekiyo eyenziwe ngezinto ezifana neTyvek okanye i-neoprene. Isuti kufuneka igqume umzimba wonke, kuquka izandla, iinyawo nentloko. Kucetyiswa ukuba unxibe iiglavu ezinganyangekiyo ezenziwe ngerabha ye-butyl ukukhusela izandla. Iibhutsi zokhuseleko ezineenzwane zentsimbi kunye neekhemikhali ezixhathisayo zikwabalulekile ukukhusela ngokufanelekileyo iinyawo ukuba zingadibani. iicyanides.

Ukukhuselwa Kwamehlo

Ukongeza kwimaski yobuso be-SCBA, iikhemikhali-iiglasi ze-splash kufuneka nazo zixhotyiswe. Ezi goggles zinokunika umaleko owongezelelekileyo wokhuselo ukuvala izisombululo zecyanide ekuchaphazeni emehlweni.

Ukusingathwa kwamanyathelo okhuseleko

yoGcino

I-cyanides kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo ekhethekileyo kwaye ingena umoya, kude nemithombo yobushushu, iiasidi, kunye nee-oxidizing agents. Iicyanides zisabela ngobundlobongela kunye neeasidi ukuvelisa igesi eyityhefu yehydrogen cyanide. I yoGcino izikhongozeli kufuneka zitywinwe ngokuqinileyo kwaye zibhalwe ngokucacileyo igama lekhemikhali, izilumkiso zengozi, kunye nemiyalelo yokuphatha.

Ukutshintshela kunye nokusetyenziswa

Xa uhambisa i-cyanides ukusuka kwesinye isitya ukuya kwesinye, sebenzisa iifuneli ezikhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo zokudlulisa ezihambelana ne-cyanides. Ukugalelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngesandla akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo. Kwilabhoratri okanye indawo yoshishino, yonke imisebenzi ebandakanya i-cyanides kufuneka iqhutywe kwi-fume hood ukukhusela i-fume toxic ukuba isasazeke kwindawo yomsebenzi jikelele.

Sebenzisa izikali ezilinganisiweyo okanye izixhobo zevolumetric ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo iicyanides. Kuphephe ukulinganisa okanye ukuvuza kakhulu, kuba nokuba incinci kakhulu i-cyanide inokubeka umngcipheko omkhulu.

Isicwangciso sokuPhendula ngokuNgxamisekileyo

uqeqesho

Bonke abasebenzi abanokudibana neecyanides kufuneka bafumane uqeqesho Emergency iinkqubo zokuphendula. Umxholo woqeqesho uquka ukuchonga iimpawu zetyhefu ye-cyanide (ezifana nentloko, isiyezi, ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, ukulahlekelwa zingqondweni, njl.njl.) kunye nokulawula iindlela zokuphunyezwa kwamanyathelo oncedo lokuqala.

Izixhobo eziNgxamisekileyo

Isikhululo se-eyewash esiphuthumayo kunye neshawa yokhuseleko kufuneka inikezelwe kwindawo yokusebenza. Kwimeko yokunxibelelana kwesikhumba okanye kwamehlo kunye ne-cyanides, ukugungxulwa kwangoko ngamanzi amaninzi kungundoqo. Ukongeza, i-antidotes ekhethekileyo ye-cyanide efana ne-hydroxocobalamin, i-nitrite ye-sodium, kunye ne-sodium thiosulfate kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo, kodwa kufuneka isetyenziswe phantsi kolawulo lweengcali zonyango.

Iindlela zokufuduka ezicacileyo kunye neenkqubo kufuneka zenziwe. Kwimeko yokuvuza okanye ukukhululwa kwecyanide enkulu, abasebenzi kufuneka bayazi indlela yokuphuma kwindawo ngokukhawuleza nangokukhuselekileyo.

Ukulahlwa kweCyanides

Unyango lweKhemikhali

Enye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo zokunyanga icyanide - equlethe inkunkuma yikhemikhali oxidation. I-sodium hypochlorite (iblitshi) ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza i-cyanides ibe yityhefu encinci. Oku kusabela kufuneka kulawulwe ngononophelo kwindawo engena umoya. Ifomula yokusabela ngokubanzi imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

2NaCN + 5NaClO + H₂O → N₂ + 2NaHCO₃ + 5NaCl

Enye inketho kukusebenzisa i-hydrogen peroxide phantsi kwesenzo se-catalyst. Le nkqubo inokuguqula iicyanides zibe yimveliso engeyiyo ityhefu.

Ukungathathi cala

Emva konyango lwe-oxidation, isisombululo sinokudinga ukungathathi hlangothi. Ukuba isisombululo esiphathwayo si-acidic ngenxa yenkqubo ye-oxidation, isiseko esifana ne-sodium hydroxide singasetyenziselwa ukulungelelanisa ixabiso le-pH kuluhlu olungathathi hlangothi (pH 6 - 9).

Ukulahlwa kokuthotyelwa

Emva kokuba i-cyanides iphathwe kwaye ingathathi hlangothi, inkunkuma eyenziwayo kufuneka ilahlwe ngokuhambelana nemimiselo yendawo, karhulumente kunye ne-federal. Oku kuthetha ukuthumela inkunkuma kwindawo enelayisensi yokulahla inkunkuma eyingozi.

isiphelo

Ukuphatha iicyanides, ngakumbi sodium cyanide, kufuna ukuqaphela okukhulu kunye nokuthotyelwa ngokungqongqo kunye neenkqubo zokhuseleko. Ukusuka ekukhetheni izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhusela, ukwenza imeko kaxakeka Isicwangciso seMpendulos, kwiindlela ezikhuselekileyo zokulahla, inyathelo ngalinye kwinkqubo yokuphatha kufuneka liqwalaselwe ngononophelo. Ngokulandela ngokungqongqo ezi zikhokelo, sinokuyinciphisa imingcipheko eyayanyaniswa nezi zinto ziyityhefu kakhulu kwaye siqinisekise ngokufanelekileyo ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye nokusingqongileyo.