Ukusebenzisa i-Actiated Carbon ukukhupha iCyanide yaMahla (CN−) kumanzi amdaka

intshayelelo

Amanzi amdaka asebenza kwimizi-mveliso ahlala equlethe izinto ezahlukeneyo eziyityhefu, phakathi kwazo I-cyanide yasimahla (CN−) ixhalabisa ngokukodwa ngenxa yetyhefu ephezulu. Nokuba ngamadosi amancinci, i-cyanide kunokuba yingozi, nto leyo eyenza unyango lwamanzi amdaka aqulethe wona lube yingxaki ebalulekileyo kwindalo esingqongileyo. Kukho imimiselo engqongqo yokulawula ukukhutshwa kwamanzi amdaka aqulethe i-cyanide, ejolise kungekuphela nje ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno ezisemgangathweni kodwa nasekufumaneni i-cyanide eninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwiintsalela kunye nokungcola kwefektri. Iyasebenza ICarbon iye yavela njengesixhobo esithembisayo sokususa i-cyanide ekhululekileyo emanzini amdaka, kwaye eli nqaku liza kuphonononga ukusetyenziswa kwayo, iindlela kunye nezinto ezinefuthe ngokweenkcukacha.

Imithombo yeCyanide kumanzi amdaka

I-cyanide yoxinaniso oluphezulu kumanzi amdaka ubukhulu becala luvela kwiinkqubo zemizi-mveliso ezifana ne-electroplating, icyanide-based extraction yegolide, ukuhlamba igesi kunye nokupholisa amanzi kwii-oveni ze-coke kunye neziko lokuqhushumba, kunye neekhemikhali, ukusetyenzwa kweeminerali, irabha yokwenziwa, ifayibha, kunye nemizi-mveliso yedayi. Uxinzelelo lwecyanide kula manzi amdaka lunokusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-180 mg/L okanye nangaphezulu.

IiNdlela zokuSebenza zeKhabhoni eSebenzisiweyo ekususeni iCyanide yaMahla

I-Adsorption yoMzimba

Ikhabhoni esebenzayo inesakhiwo esiphuhlileyo esineembobo ezincinci kunye nommandla omkhulu womphezulu, oqhele ukuba phakathi kwama-500 ukuya kuma-3000 m²/g. Esi sakhiwo siyenza ibe namandla okufunxa amandla omzimba. Ii-ion ze-cyanide emanzini amdaka zinokufunxa phezu komphezulu Ikhabhoni esebenzayo ngokusebenzisa amandla e-van der Waals. Indawo enkulu yomphezulu ibonelela ngeendawo ezininzi zokufunxa, okuvumela ukubanjwa ngempumelelo kwe-cyanide yamahhala.

I-Chemical Adsorption kunye ne-Catalytic Oxidation

Ukongeza kwi-adsorption yomzimba, i-carbon esebenzayo inokuthatha inxaxheba kwiikhemikhali. Xa ikhabhoni esebenzayo ibhengeza ioksijini kunye namanzi kumanzi amdaka, inokuvelisa i-hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) kumphezulu wayo, kunye nekhabhoni esebenzayo ngokwayo esebenza njenge-catalyst. Phambi kweetyuwa zobhedu, i-H₂O₂ eyenziweyo inokukhupha i-oxidize kwaye ichithe i-cyanide. Indlela yokusabela ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Isizukulwana se-H₂O₂: Ioksijini kunye namanzi adsorbed kumphezulu wekhabhoni osebenzayo ukwenza i-H₂O₂.

2. I-oxidation ye-cyanide: I-Cyanide i-oxidized yi-H₂O₂ phantsi kwesenzo sokwenza iityuwa zobhedu, okubangelwa ukubola kwe-cyanide kwizinto ezinobungozi obuncinci.

Izinto ezichaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kokususwa kwekhabhoni esebenzayo

Ukugxilwa kweCyanide yokuqala

Xa iphezulu iqondo lokuqala le-cyanide yasimahla kumanzi amdaka, kokukhona amandla aqhubayo e-adsorption. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko umthamo we-adsorption wekhabhoni esebenzayo ulinganiselwe, xa ugxininiso lokuqala ludlula ixabiso elithile, ukusebenza kakuhle kokususa akunakunyuka ngokulinganayo. Kolunye uphononongo, kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba ngokunyuka koxinzelelo lokuqala lwecyanide, isixa se-cyanide ebhengeziweyo ngeyunithi yobunzima bekhabhoni esebenzayo okokuqala sinyuka kwaye emva koko siyekile.

Ixabiso le-pH

Ixabiso le-pH lamanzi amdaka lichaphazela kakhulu i-adsorption ye-cyanide ngekhabhoni esebenzayo. Ngokubanzi, phantsi kweemeko ze-acidic, umthamo we-adsorption ye-carbon activated ye-cyanide uphantsi. Njengoko ixabiso le-pH linyuka, umthamo we-adsorption ukhula ngokuthe ngcembe. Xa i-pH ikuluhlu lwe-alkaline, ngakumbi ngaphezu kwe-11. izinga lokususa i-cyanide lingafikelela ngaphezu kwe-95% kwimizuzu engama-30 kwezinye iimeko. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-speciation ye-cyanide kwisisombululo sitshintsha kunye ne-pH, kwaye uhlobo lwe-ion cyanide lunceda ngakumbi kwi-adsorption kwi-carbon activated phantsi kweemeko ze-alkaline.

iqondo lobushushu

I-adsorption ye-cyanide ngekhabhoni esebenzayo yinkqubo ye-exothermic. Njengoko iqondo lobushushu linyuka, amandla e-adsorption ahlala ehla. Ngokomzekelo, kwimeko yobhedu - i-carbon activated activated, xa ixutywe nesisombululo se-cyanide, umphumo we-adsorption we-cyanide uyancipha ngokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kukhuthaza ukuchithwa kwe-adsorbed substances ukusuka kumphezulu wekhabhoni esebenzayo.

Ixesha lokuhlaziya

Ixesha elaneleyo lokuvuselela liyimfuneko ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-cyanide emanzini amdaka inoqhagamshelwano olwaneleyo kunye nekhabhoni esebenzayo. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, njengoko ixesha lokuvuselela landa, izinga lokususwa kwe-cyanide landa ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokufikelela kwixesha elithile, izinga lokususa livame ukuzinza, libonisa ukuba inkqubo ye-adsorption ifikelele ekulinganisweni.

Usetyenziso lweKhabhoni eSebenzayo ekuNyangweni iCyanide-Equlethe Amanzi amdaka

Kwishishini leMigodi yeGolide

Kwimigodi yegolide, ngakumbi kwiinkqubo zokutsalwa kwegolide esekwe kwicyanide, kuye kuvele umthamo omkhulu wamanzi amdaka aqulethe icyanide. Ikhabhoni esebenzayo ingasetyenziselwa ukususa icyanide yasimahla kula manzi amdaka. Ukongeza ekususweni kwe-cyanide, ikhabhoni esebenzayo inokuphinda ibhengeze igolide - ii-cyanide complexes (ezifana ne-Au(CN)₂⁻) kumanzi amdaka. I-adsorbed yegolide - i-cyanide complexes inokuphinda iqhutywe kwakhona ukuze kubuyiselwe igolide, kufezekiswe zombini ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nokubuyiselwa kobutyebi.

Kwishishini le-Electroplating

Izityalo ze-Electroplating zihlala zisebenzisa i-cyanide - equlethe izisombululo kwinkqubo yokucoca, okukhokelela kwi-cyanide - amanzi angcolileyo angcolileyo. Ukunyangwa kwekhabhoni esebenzayo kunokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo umxholo we-cyanide kumanzi amdaka ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokukhupha. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zonyango zemveli, ezifana ne-alkaline chlorination, unyango lwekhabhoni esebenzayo lunoncedo lokungcoliseka okuncinci okuncinci kunye nokukwazi ukubuyiswa kobutyebi.

Ukuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zonyango

Ialkaline klorination

I-alkaline chlorination yindlela ekhulileyo yokutshabalalisa iicyanides emanzini amdaka. Isebenzisa iklorini-equlethe izinto ezifana negesi yekhlorin, i-chlorine engamanzi, okanye umgubo we-bleaching ukuze i-oxidize i-cyanide ibe yi-non-toxic carbon dioxide (CO₂) kunye ne-nitrogen (N₂). Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela inokuvelisa eziyingozi - iimveliso, kwaye inkqubo yokusebenza ifuna ulawulo olungqongqo lwethamo leklorin kunye neemeko zokusabela. Ngokwahlukileyo, unyango lwekhabhoni esebenzayo lukhetho olunobuhlobo ngakumbi kokusingqongileyo kunye nokukwazi ukukhetha ngokukhetha i-cyanide kunye nokubuyisela iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo.

I-Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation

I-hydrogen peroxide oxidation ingasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuxinana kwe-cyanide emanzini amdaka. Inokuthi i-oxidize i-cyanide ukuya kwinqanaba eliphantsi - letyhefu. Nangona kunjalo, i-hydrogen peroxide yi-reagent ebiza kakhulu, kwaye inkqubo inokufuna ukongezwa okuqhubekayo kwee-reagents, ukwandisa iindleko zonyango. Ikhabhoni esebenzayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inomsebenzi ozinzile xa ikhethwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye isetyenziswe, kunye nokuhlaziywa kwayo kunokuqwalaselwa ukunciphisa iindleko.

Uphuhliso lwexesha elizayo

Uphuhliso lweKhabhoni eVunyiweyo eVunyiweyo

Ukuqhubela phambili ukuphucula ukusebenza kwekhabhoni esebenzayo ekususeni i-cyanide yamahhala, uphando lwenziwa kwi-carbon activated modified. Umzekelo, ukufaka i-carbon esebenzayo kunye neentsimbi ezahlukeneyo (ezifana nobhedu, i-iron, njl.njl.) kunokwandisa isakhono sayo se-catalytic oxidation ye-cyanide. Isinyithi esahlukileyo - iikhabhoni ezilayishiwe ezisebenzayo zinokulungiswa ngokweempawu ezithile zamanzi amdaka ukuphumeza iziphumo ezingcono zonyango.

Iinkqubo zonyango eziDityanisiweyo

Ukudibanisa unyango lwekhabhoni esebenzayo kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango kukwayindlela. Umzekelo, ukudibanisa i-carbon adsorption esebenzayo kunye nonyango lwebhayoloji kunokuqala ukusebenzisa ikhabhoni esebenzayo ukunciphisa i-cyanide ephezulu yoxinaniso kumanzi amdaka ukuya kwinqanaba elilungele ngakumbi unyango lwebhayoloji, kwaye emva koko usebenzise ii-microorganisms ukubola ngakumbi kunye nokususa izinto eziseleyo ze-cyanide. Le nkqubo edibeneyo inokusebenzisa amandla eendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango kwaye iphumelele ngakumbi kwaye ibanzi Unyango lwamanzi amdaka.

isiphelo

Ikhabhoni esebenzayo ibonisa amandla amakhulu ekukhutshweni kwe-cyanide yasimahla (CN-) kumanzi amdaka. Ngokusebenzisa i-adsorption yomzimba kunye nokuphendula kweekhemikhali, inokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo umxholo we-cyanide kumanzi amdaka, ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokukhutshelwa kokusingqongileyo kunye nokuvumela ukubuyiswa kobutyebi kwezinye iimeko. Nangona kusekho iindawo ezifuna ukuphuculwa, ezifana nokuphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-adsorption kunye nokunciphisa iindleko, kunye nophuhliso oluqhubekayo lophando malunga nokuguqulwa kwekhabhoni esebenzayo kunye neenkqubo zonyango ezidibeneyo, i-carbon esebenzayo iya kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kunyango lwe-cyanide - equlethe amanzi amdaka kwixesha elizayo.