Ukusetyenziswa kweNzululwazi yeSodium Cyanide ngaphandle kweNzakalo enokubakho kwiNdawo

intshayelelo

Sodium i-cyanide, i-chemical compound ene-formula ye-NaCN, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumashishini ahlukeneyo ngenxa yeempawu zayo zeekhemikhali ezikhethekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ikwaziwa ngokuba netyhefu ephezulu, ephakamisa inkxalabo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwayo ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nefuthe elinokubakho kwimeko engqongileyo. Eli nqaku lijonge ukuphonononga ukuba njani Isodium cyanide inokusetyenziswa ngokwenzululwazi ukunciphisa iingozi kunye nokuthintela nayiphi na ingozi kwindalo esingqongileyo.

Iipropati kunye nezicelo zeSodium Cyanide

Iimpawu zeMichiza

Isodium cyaide yintsimbi emhlophe, eyikristale enyibilika kakhulu emanzini. Iqulethe i-cyanide ion (CN-), ejongene nobutyhefu bayo. Xa kukho iiasidi, Isodium cyanide inokukhupha igesi yehydrogen cyanide, into eguqukayo neyityhefu egqithisileyo.

Izicelo zeMizi-mveliso

1.Ishishini lezeMigodi

• Kwicandelo lemigodi yegolide, sodium cyanide idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhutshweni kwegolide kwi-ore. Le nkqubo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-cyanidation okanye i-cyanide leaching, ibilokhu iyindlela ephambili yokukhupha igolide ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1970. Isisombululo esinyibilikisiweyo se-sodium cyanide, esiqhele ukuba yi-100 ppm ukuya kwi-500 ppm (0.01% ukuya kwi-0.05% ye-cyanide), sisetyenziselwa ukunyibilikisa igolide kwi-ore ngokukhethayo. Iinkqubo ezimbini eziqhelekileyo ezisebenzisa i-cyanide ukubuyisa igolide yi-heap leaching kunye ne-milling (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi- ICarbon - in - leach, CIL). Nangona uphando olunzulu luye lwenziwa, akukho khemikhali ifunyenweyo ehambelana neempawu zoqoqosho nezokusingqongileyo ze-cyanide ekubuyiselweni kwesinyithi esixabisekileyo. Imigodi, njengenxalenye yeendlela zayo ezilungileyo, isebenzisa i-cyanide encinci kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu zokusingqongileyo, ukhuseleko, kunye nezoqoqosho. Emva kokuba igolide inyibilikisiwe, izisombululo ziyacutshungulwa ngakumbi ukuze kubuyiselwe igolide, ethi emva koko inyibilikiswe ibe yigolide.

2.Electroplating Industry

• Kwi-electroplating, i-sodium cyanide isetyenziselwa ukuphucula umgangatho wenkqubo yokucoca. Inokunciphisa i-anode polarization, iqinisekisa ukuchithwa okuqhelekileyo kwe-anode. Oku kunceda ukuzinzisa isisombululo se-plating kunye nokwandisa i-cathode polarization, okukhokelela kuluhlu olufanayo lwe-plating.

3.Ukuhlanganiswa kweeKhemikhali

• I-sodium cyanide yimathiriyeli ekrwada engundoqo yokuveliswa koluhlu olubanzi lweekhemikhali. Umzekelo, isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-inorganic ebalulekileyo iicyanides ezifana neprussiate etyheli yesoda, iprussiate emthubi yepotash, potassium cyanide, zinc cyanide, barium cyanide, cuprous cyanide, sodium thiocyanate, kunye ne potassium thiocyanate. Kwishishini lemichiza ephilayo, isetyenziselwa ukwenza iikhompawundi ezifana ne-cyanoacetic acid, i-malononitrile, i-methionine, i-cyanobenzyl, kunye ne-cyanuric chloride.

Ukusetyenziswa kweNzululwazi yeSodium Cyanide

Ukuphatha Ngokukhuselekileyo kwindawo yoMsebenzi

1.Uqeqesho lwaBasebenzi

• Bonke abasebenzi abaphethe i-sodium cyanide kufuneka bafumane uqeqesho olubanzi kunye nolukhethekileyo. Bamele baqhelane kakuhle neempawu zesodium cyanide, kubandakanywa ubuthi bayo, iingozi ezinokuthi zibe khona, kunye neenkqubo zokhuseleko. Uqeqesho kufuneka lubandakanye imiba efana nokugcinwa ngendlela eyiyo, ukuthuthwa, kunye nokusabela kwimeko kaxakeka xa kukho ukuchitheka okanye ukuvuza. Ngokomzekelo, kufuneka bazi ukuba i<em>sodium cyanide ifanele igcinwe kwindawo epholileyo, eyomileyo, nengena umoya kakuhle, kude nemithombo yobushushu, amadangatye neeasidi.

2.Ulawulo lobuNjineli

• Iindawo zokusebenza apho kusetyenziswa i-sodium cyanide kufuneka ibe nolawulo olungqongqo lobunjineli endaweni. Oku kuquka ukubonelela ngendawo yokuphuma komoya eyaneleyo ukuze kususwe nawuphi na umsi onokuba yingozi okanye iigesi. Ngokomzekelo, kwimisebenzi yemigodi yegolide apho kusetyenziswa izisombululo ze-cyanide, iindawo zokucoca kufuneka zixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo ezinamandla zokungenisa umoya ukukhusela ukuqokelela kwegesi ye-hydrogen cyanide, enokuthi iveliswe ukuba i-cyanide idibana ne-acids. Iinkqubo zokungenisa umoya kufuneka zigcinwe rhoqo kwaye zibekwe esweni ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwazo ngokufanelekileyo.

3.IziXhobo zoKhuseleko zoMntu (PPE)

• Abasebenzi abaphethe i-sodium cyanide kufuneka bahlale benxibe iPPE efanelekileyo. Oku kuquka iiglavu ezikwaziyo ukumelana neekhemikhali, iimpahla ezikhuselayo, kunye nokhuseleko lokuphefumla. Kwiindawo apho kukho umngcipheko wokuvezwa kwi-cyanide yomoya, abasebenzi kufuneka basebenzise izixhobo zokuphefumla ezinezihluzo ezifanelekileyo. Umzekelo, kumaziko e-electroplating, abasebenzi kufuneka banxibe iisuti ezikhuselayo zomzimba ezipheleleyo ezenziwe ngezinto ezingenakungena kwizisombululo ze-sodium cyanide ukuthintela ukudibana kwesikhumba.

Inkqubo yokuPhucula

1.Iimpendulo zeMichiza ezichanekileyo

• Kumashishini afana nokumbiwa kwegolide, ukukhulisa inkqubo yecyanidation kubalulekile. Oku kubandakanya ukulawula ngononophelo ukuxinana kwesisombululo sesodium cyanide, i-pH yendawo yokusabela, kunye nexesha lokuphendula. Ngokulungelelanisa ngokuchanekileyo ezi parameters, isixa sesodium cyanide esetyenzisiweyo sinokuncitshiswa ngelixa sifumana ukutsalwa kwegolide okusebenzayo. Umzekelo, kweminye imigodi yegolide yanamhlanje, iinkqubo zokubeka iliso eziphambili zisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ngokuqhubekayo kunye nokulungelelanisa i-pH yesisombululo se-cyanide leaching. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ukusabela kwenzeka phantsi kweemeko ezilungileyo kakhulu, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwe-sodium cyanide.

2.Ukurisayikilishwa kunye nokuSetyenziswa kwakhona

• Kwiinkqubo ezisebenzisa i-sodium cyanide, kufuneka kwenziwe iinzame zokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwaye ziphinde zisebenzise imichiza. Ngokomzekelo, kwimigodi yegolide, emva kokuba igolide ikhutshiwe, izinyibiliko ezinentsalela yecyanide zinokunyangwa kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zemichiza nezomzimba ukuze kubuyiselwe le cyanide. Ubuchwephesha obufana nokutshintshiselana kwe-ion kunye ne-membrane filtration ingasetyenziselwa ukwahlula i-cyanide ukusuka kwamanye amacandelo kwisisombululo, ukuvumela ukuba isetyenziswe kwakhona kwimisebenzi ye-leaching elandelayo. Oku akunciphisi kuphela iindleko zokusebenzisa i-sodium cyanide kodwa kwakhona kunciphisa ubungakanani benkunkuma eyenziwayo.

Ukuthintela iMpembelelo yokusiNgqongileyo

Ukunyangwa kweeTailings kunye nezisombululo zeNkunkuma

1.Ukutshatyalaliswa kweCyanide kwiiNsimbi

• Kushishino lwasezimayini, udaka lweentsalela zezimbiwa kunye nezisombululo ezinemathiriyeli evundiweyo, amanzi, kunye nentsalela yecyanide kufuneka zinyangwe phambi kokuba zikhutshwe. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali kunye nezomzimba zisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa okanye ukususa i-cyanide eseleyo kwinkqubo yokuchithwa kwegolide. Enye indlela eqhelekileyo kukusetyenziswa kwehydrogen peroxide, enokuthi ifake i-cyanide kwimveliso engeyiyo ityhefu. Kwezinye iimeko, iindlela zonyango zebhayoloji nazo zingasetyenziswa, apho ii-microorganisms ezithile zisetyenziselwa ukuphula i-cyanide. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye iibhaktheriya ziyakwazi ukucola i-cyanide zize ziyiguqule ibe zizinto ezingenabungozi kangako.

2.Ukuthotyelwa kweMimiselo

• Imimiselo yasekhaya, yelizwe, neyesizwe idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni ubungakanani kunye nokuxinana kwe-cyanide enokuthi ikhutshelwe kwindalo. Le migaqo yohluka ngokolawulo kodwa ngokubanzi ifuna ulawulo olungqongqo lokulahlwa kwe-cyanide equlethe inkunkuma. Umzekelo, kwimimandla emininzi, olona xinzelelo luphezulu luvumelekileyo lwe-cyanide ekukhutshelweni kweentsalela zezimbiwa lusetwa kumanqanaba asezantsi kakhulu, kaninzi kuluhlu lwe-0.2 ukuya kwi-0.5 yamalungu ngesigidi (ppm) okanye i-0.00002% ukuya kwi-0.00005% ye-cyanide. Imigodi kunye namanye amashishini asebenzisa i-sodium cyanide kufuneka ahambelane nale mimiselo ukuthintela ukungcoliseka kwendalo.

Ukubeka iliso kunye noLungiselelo oluNgxamisekileyo

1.Ukubeka iliso kokuSingqongileyo

• Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kunye nokubanzi kokusingqongileyo kubalulekile ukufumanisa nayiphi na into enokuthi ikhutshwe ye-sodium cyanide kwindawo. Kwiindawo apho amashishini asebenzisa i-sodium cyanide akhoyo, amaziko okuhlola anokumiselwa ukulinganisa ukuxinana kwecyanide emoyeni, emanzini nasemhlabeni. Umzekelo, kwindawo yemigodi, iisampulu zamanzi ezisuka kwimilambo ekufutshane kunye nemijelo zinokuvavanywa rhoqo ukuba kukho i-cyanide. Ukuba kufunyaniswe nawaphi na amanqanaba angaqhelekanga, amanyathelo akhawulezileyo anokuthathwa ukuchonga umthombo wongcoliseko nokuthintela ukonakaliswa okungaphezulu kokusingqongileyo.

2.IziCwangciso zokuPhendula ngokuNgxamisekileyo

• Amashishini asebenzisa i-sodium cyanide kufuneka abe nezicwangciso ezifanelekileyo zokuphendula ngokukhawuleza. Ezi zicwangciso kufuneka zichaze iinkqubo zokujongana nokuchitheka, ukuvuza, okanye ezinye iingozi ezibandakanya i-sodium cyanide. Kwimeko yokuchitheka, amanyathelo okubamba afanelekileyo kufuneka athathwe ngokukhawuleza, njengokusebenzisa izinto ezifunxayo ukufunxa umxube ochithekileyo wecyanide. Amaqela eempendulo ezingxamisekileyo kufuneka aqeqeshelwe ukusingatha iimeko ezinjalo, kwaye kufuneka abe nokufikelela kwizixhobo eziyimfuneko kunye neekhemikhali zokungathathi hlangothi kunye nokucoca i-sodium cyanide echithekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa kukho ukuchithwa okukhulu, i-hydrogen peroxide okanye ezinye ii-agent ezingathathi hlangothi zingasetyenziselwa ukusabela ngokukhawuleza kunye ne-cyanide kunye nokunciphisa ubuthi bayo.

isiphelo

I-sodium cyanide iyikhemikhali ebalulekileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kodwa ubuthi bayo obuphezulu bufuna ukuphathwa ngononophelo kunye nesayensi ukukhusela umonakalo kwindalo. Ngokulandela iinkqubo ezikhuselekileyo zokhuseleko, ukulungelelanisa iinkqubo zoshishino, ukuphatha inkunkuma ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nokuphumeza izicwangciso ezibanzi zokubeka iliso kunye neempendulo ezingxamisekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kunokwenziwa ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokusingqongileyo. Oku akuqinisekisi kuphela ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwamashishini axhomekeke kwi-sodium cyanide kodwa ikhusela i-ecosystem kunye nempilo yoluntu.