Kutheni iCyanide inzima ukuTshintsha kwishishini le-Electroplating?

The I-Electroplating ishishini kudala lixhomekeke kuyo benqanda-izisombululo ezisekelwe, kwaye ngaphandle kweenzame zokufumana ezinye iindlela, i-cyanide ihlala isisiseko kwiinkqubo ezininzi ze-electroplating. Eli nqaku lihlalutya izizathu zokuba kutheni i-cyanide kunzima ukuyitshintsha kwishishini le-electroplating.

Iziseko ze-Electroplating

I-Electroplating yinkqubo ebandakanya ukubeka umaleko obhityileyo wesinyithi kwi-substrate ngokugqithisa umsinga wombane ngesisombululo se-electrolyte esine-ion zetsimbi. Ii-ion zetsimbi kwisisombululo zikhangwa kwi-substrate ehlawuliswa kakubi (i-cathode), apho zifumana ii-electron kwaye zifakwe njengentsimbi eqinile.

Indima yeCyanide kwi-Electroplating

iikhompawundi Cyanide, ezifana Isodium cyanide kunye ne-potassium cyanide, ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiibhafu ze-electroplating ngezizathu ezininzi ezibalulekileyo:

Ubuchule obuQhelekileyo obuQhelekileyo

I-Cyanide ions (CN⁻) inekhono eliphawulekayo lokwenza ii-complexes ezizinzileyo kunye ne-ioni zetsimbi. Kwi-electroplating, le propati inqweneleka kakhulu njengoko ivumela ulawulo oluchanekileyo phezu koxinzelelo lwee-ion zetsimbi zamahhala kwi-electrolyte. Ngokwenza i-metal-cyanide complexes, ukufumaneka kwee-ion zetsimbi zamahhala kuncitshisiwe, nto leyo inciphisa izinga lokubeka isinyithi kwi-substrate. Oku kubekwa kulawulwayo kukhokelela kwiyunifomu eyongezelelekileyo yokwaleka kwesinyithi.

Ngokomzekelo, xa isilivere ye-electroplating, ukubunjwa kwe-silver-cyanide complex (Ag (CN)₂⁻) iqinisa kakhulu i-ion yesilivere kwisisombululo. Oku kuzinza kuthintela ukufakwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokungalawulekiyo kwesilivere, okuya kuthi ngenye indlela kuholele kwi-coat-quality-quality, i-coating engalinganiyo. Uzinzo oluphezulu olusisigxina lwe-silver-cyanide complex luqinisekisa ukuba i-ion zesilivere zikhutshwa ngokucothayo kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ngexesha lenkqubo ye-electroplating, evumela ukufakwa okugudileyo kunye nokuhambelanayo kwi-cathode.

Umgangatho Wokugquma owongeziweyo

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide ekuhlambeni kwe-electroplating kudla ngokukhokelela ekubunjweni kweengubo ezineempawu eziphezulu zekhwalithi. Ukufakwa okucothayo kunye nokulawulwayo okuququzelelwa yi-cyanide complexes kubangela iingubo ezixineneyo, ezigudileyo, kwaye zibe nokunamathela okungcono kwi-substrate. Ezi zambatho zibonisa ukuxhathisa okuphuculweyo, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba, kunye nesibheno sobuhle xa kuthelekiswa nezo zifunyenwe kusetyenziswa iindlela ezizezinye zokwaleka.

Kwimeko yokwalekwa kwegolide, i-electrolyte esekwe kwicyanide yenza ukuba kubekwe umaleko obhityileyo, ofanayo wegolide obambelela ngokuqinileyo kwintsimbi engaphantsi. Oku kubalulekile kwizicelo ezifana nokwenza ubucwebe kunye ne-electronics, apho umgangatho ophezulu, i-coat yegolide ehlala ixesha elide ibalulekile. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide kuvumela ukudalwa kweengubo ezingabonakali nje kuphela kodwa zisebenza kakhulu, zihlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zala mashishini.

Ukusebenza ngokubanzi

Iinkqubo ze-Cyanide ezisekelwe kwi-electroplating zinezinto ezininzi kwaye zingasetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwesinyithi kunye ne-substrates. Zisebenza ngakumbi ekutyeni iintsimbi ekunzima ukuzifaka kusetyenziswa ezinye iindlela, ezinjengegolide, isilivere, ikopolo, nezinc. Ukukwazi kwe-cyanide ukwenza ii-complexes ezizinzile ngezi zinyithi kwenza kube lukhetho olufanelekileyo lokufezekisa iingubo ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zemizi-mveliso.

Nokuba kukutyabeka izinto ezibuthathaka ze-elektroniki okanye iindawo ezinkulu zemizi-mveliso, i-cyanide-based electroplating ingqineke iyindlela ethembekileyo nesebenzayo. Inkqubo inokulungelelaniswa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile ze-substrates ezahlukeneyo kunye nezicelo, okwenza kube yinto ekhethwayo kubakhiqizi abaninzi.

Imingeni ekuTshintshweni kweCyanide

Ngaphandle kwetyhefu eyaziwayo ye-cyanide, iinzame zokuphuhlisa ezinye iindlela ezisebenzayo ziye zajongana nemingeni ebalulekileyo:

Umsantsa wokuSebenza

Uninzi lweekhemistri zokucwenga ezizezinye ziye zacetywa, kodwa ezimbalwa ziye zakwazi ukungqamanisa ukusebenza kweenkqubo ezisekwe kwicyanide ngokomgangatho wokugquma, ulawulo lwezinga lokubeka, kunye nokuguquguquka. Ezinye iindlela ezingezizo i-cyanide zihlala zisokola ukufikelela kwinqanaba elifanayo lokufana, ukunamathela, kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola njengezambatho ezisekwe kwicyanide.

Umzekelo, ezinye iinkqubo zesilivere ezingeyi-cyanide zingakhokelela kwiingubo ezirhabaxa ngakumbi kwaye zingabambeleli kangako, zizenze zibe sesichengeni sokuhlwa nokunxiba. Le mida yokusebenza ingaba yintsilelo enkulu kwizicelo apho ukunyaniseka kunye nokuqina kwengubo kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukuqwalaselwa kweendleko

Ukuphuhlisa nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obutsha be-non-cyanide electroplating kunokubiza kakhulu. Iindleko zophando kunye nophuhliso, kunye nesidingo sokuguqula izixhobo zokucoca ezikhoyo kunye neenkqubo, zinokubeka umqobo obalulekileyo wokwamkelwa kweenkampani ezininzi ze-electroplating. Kwezinye iimeko, iindleko zezinye iikhemikhali zisenokuba phezulu kunezo zecyanide, nto leyo esongeza ngakumbi kwimingeni yezoqoqosho.

Amashishini amancinci kunye naphakathi amashishini e-electroplating, ngokukodwa, anokufumana kunzima ukuthethelela utyalo-mali olufunekayo ukutshintshela kwiindlela ze-non-cyanide plating. Impembelelo yezemali yolo tshintsho inokuba sisithintelo, ngakumbi kwimarike ekhuphisanayo apho ulawulo lweendleko lubalulekile.

Ukuhambelana kweNkqubo

Ukutshintshela kwi-non-cyanide electroplating kunokufuna utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezikhoyo zokuvelisa, kubandakanywa uhlengahlengiso kwi-plating formulations yokuhlamba, iimeko zokusebenza, kunye neendlela zonyango lwenkunkuma. Ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana nezixhobo zangoku kunye nemigca yokuvelisa ingaba ngumsebenzi onzima kunye nexesha elide, kwaye nakuphi na ukuphazamiseka kwinkqubo yokuvelisa kunokubangela ukulahleka kwemveliso kunye nokwanda kweendleko.

Ngaphezu koko, inkunkuma eveliswa kwiinkqubo ze-non-cyanide electroplating ingaba neempawu ezahlukileyo kunezo zisuka kwiinkqubo ezisekelwe kwi-cyanide, ezifuna ukuphuhliswa konyango olutsha kunye neendlela zokulahla. Oku kongeza omnye umaleko wobunzima kwinkqubo yotshintsho.

isiphelo

Ukuqukumbela, ngelixa ubutyhefu be-cyanide bukhuthaze ukukhangelwa kwezinye iindlela ze-electroplating, iipropathi zayo ezizodwa kunye neenzuzo zokusebenza zenze ukuba kube nzima kakhulu ukubuyisela kwishishini le-electroplating. Ukukwazi kwe-cyanide ukwenza ii-metal complexes ezizinzileyo, ukuphucula umgangatho wokugquma, kwaye isetyenziswe kuluhlu olubanzi lwesinyithi kunye ne-substrates iyaqhubeka iyenza ibe yinto eyimfuneko kwimisebenzi emininzi ye-electroplating.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuzibophelela kweshishini kugcino lwendalo esingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko lwabasebenzi kuthetha ukuba ukhangelo lwezinye iindlela ezinokusetyenziswa ezingezizo icyanide ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo luya kuqhubeka. Njengoko ukuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji kunye neekhemistri ezintsha ziphuhliswa, kukho ithemba lokuba ngenye imini ukutshintshwa kwe-cyanide kwi-electroplating esebenzayo ngokwenene kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Kuze kube ngoko, imboni ye-electroplating iya kufuna ukulawula ngononophelo ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide, ukuphumeza amanyathelo okhuseleko angqongqo kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo lwenkunkuma ukunciphisa impembelelo yayo kwimpilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo.