I-Cyanide-Free Ukukhutshwa kweGolide: Ukwamkela iindlela ezizezinye eziGreener

intshayelelo

Ukukhupha igolide kudala kwaba lishishini elibalulekileyo, kodwa indlela yendabuko exhomekeke kwi- Sodium cyanide iphakamise iinkxalabo ezinkulu kwindalo nakwimpilo. I-Sodium cyanide inetyhefu kakhulu kwaye inokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwi-ecosystems ukuba ayilawulwa kakuhle. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kubekho umzamo okhulayo wokuphuhlisa ezinye iindlela ezizinzileyo zokukhupha iGolide . Eli nqaku lebhlog lihlola ezi ndlela zintsha ezibonelela ngendlela enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kwinkqubo endala yokufumana igolide.

Ingxaki ngeSodium Cyanide kwi-Gold Extraction

Isodium cyanide ibiyeyona nto iphambili ekutsalweni kwegolide ngaphezulu kwenkulungwane ngenxa yempumelelo yayo ekunyibilikiseni igolide kwintsimbi ekrwada. Nangona kunjalo, ubutyhefu bayo yintsilelo enkulu. Kwanakwimilinganiselo emincinane, icyanide inokuba yingozi kubomi basemanzini, kwiintaka nakwizilwanyana ezanyisayo. Kwimeko yokuchitheka okanye ukulahlwa ngendlela engafanelekanga kwimisebenzi yemigodi, i-cyanide inokungcolisa imithombo yamanzi, umhlaba kunye nomoya, okukhokelela ekuthotyweni kwexesha elide lokusingqongileyo. Ukongeza, ukuphathwa kwe-cyanide kufuna amanyathelo angqongqo okhuseleko, kwaye nakuphi na ukuphulukana kunokubangela ingozi kubasebenzi.

Iindlela ezithembisayo eziLuhlaza kwiSodium Cyanide

1. Bioleaching

I-Bioleaching, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-microbial leaching, yinkqubo esebenzisa i-microorganisms ukukhupha isinyithi kwi-ore. Kwimeko yokukhutshwa kwegolide, iibhaktheriya ezithile, ezifana ne-Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, zinokukhupha i-sulfure-ethwele iiminerali ezinxulumene negolide, ukukhulula igolide ngendlela efikelelekayo. Le ndlela ihambelana nokusingqongileyo njengoko ingasebenzisi imichiza eyityhefu efana necyanide. Ikwasebenza kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kunye noxinzelelo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zemveli zokutsalwa. I-Bioleaching lukhetho oluzinzileyo olunokuthi lusetyenziswe kwii-ores ezikumgangatho ophantsi, ezihlala zingenamali ukusetyenzwa kusetyenziswa ubuchule obuqhelekileyo.

2. I-Thiosulfate Leaching

Ukutsalwa kweThiosulfate yenye indlela endaweni yokutsalwa okusekwe kwi-cyanide. Isebenzisa ii-ion ze-thiosulfate, ezihlala zikwimo ye-sodium thiosulfate, ukuze idibanise negolide kwaye iyinyibilikise kwi-ore. Le ndlela ayinabungozi kangako kune-cyanide. I-Thiosulfate izinzile kwindalo esingqongileyo kwaye ayibeki mngcipheko ofanayo kwizilwanyana zasendle nakwimithombo yamanzi. Ngaphezu koko, ukutsalwa kweThiosulfate kunokuba luncedo ngakumbi kwiintlobo ezithile zee-ore, ngakumbi ezo ziqulethe ubhedu nezinye iintsimbi ezinokuphazamisana neenkqubo ezisekwe kwi-cyanide. Le nkqubo inokulungiswa ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali kunye nokuphucula amazinga okubuyisa igolide.

3. Ulwelo lwe-Ionic

Ulwelo lwe-ionic ziityuwa ezilulwelo kubushushu begumbi. Zineempawu ezizodwa ezenza ukuba zilungele ukutsalwa kwegolide. Ulwelo lwe-ionic lunokukhetha ukunyibilikisa igolide kwintsimbi ekrwada ngaphandle kwesidingo semichiza eyityhefu kakhulu. Azinaguquguquki, okuthetha ukuba azinagalelo kungcoliseko lomoya ngexesha lenkqubo yokutsalwa. Ukongeza, zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwaye zisetyenziswe kwakhona, ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma. Nangona kusekho kwisigaba sophando kunye nophuhliso lwezicelo ezinkulu, ulwelo lwe-ionic lubonisa amandla amakhulu njengenye indlela ezinzileyo kwiindlela zemveli zokutsalwa kwegolide.

4. Supercritical Fluid Extraction

Ukukhupha ulwelo olungaphezulu kwe-supercritical kusebenzisa ulwelo olungaphezulu kwe-supercritical, olufana neCarbon dioxide (CO₂) kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye noxinzelelo, ukukhupha igolide kwi-ore. Kwimeko yayo engaphezulu kwe-supercritical, i-CO₂ ineempawu eziphakathi kwezo zegesi kunye nolwelo, nto leyo eyivumela ukuba ingene kwi-ore ize inyibilikise igolide. Le ndlela inobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo njengoko i-CO₂ yi-compound engenabungozi kwaye ininzi. Ikwanciphisa isidingo samanzi amaninzi kunye nezinye iikhemikhali ezisetyenziswa ekukhupheni kwendabuko. Ukukhupha ulwelo olungaphezulu kwe-supercritical kunokuba yindlela ephumelelayo kakhulu yokukhupha igolide, ingakumbi kwi-ore ezintsonkothileyo.

Imingeni kunye neNdlela ePhambili

Nangona ezi ndlela zizezinye zibonisa ithemba elikhulu, kusekho imingeni ekufuneka yoyiswe. Umzekelo, i-Bioleaching inokuba yinkqubo ecothayo, kwaye ukwenza ngcono iimeko zokukhula kweentsholongwane kunokuba nzima. Ukukhuhla i-thiosulfate kunokufuna ulawulo lwenkqubo oluntsonkothileyo xa kuthelekiswa nokukhuhla i-cyanide. Ulwelo lwe-ionic kunye nokukhuhla ulwelo olungaphezulu kwe-supercritical kusekwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso lorhwebo, kwaye kukho iindleko ezinxulumene nokwandisa obu buchwepheshe. Nangona kunjalo, ngophando oluqhubekayo nophuhliso, le mingeni inokujongwa. Oorhulumente, iinkampani zemigodi, kunye namaziko ophando kufuneka basebenzisane ukutyala imali kuphuhliso nasekusetyenzisweni kwezi ndlela zokukhuhla igolide eluhlaza. Oku akuyi kunceda kuphela ekukhuseleni okusingqongileyo kodwa kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba ishishini lokumba igolide lihlala ixesha elide.

Ukuqukumbela, ukukhangela ezinye iindlela ezingasetyenziswayo endaweni yeSodium Cyanide ekutsaleni igolide akuyonto nje yoxanduva lokusingqongileyo kodwa kukwalithuba lokuvelisa izinto ezintsha kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo. Ngokwamkela ezi teknoloji ziluhlaza, ishishini lemigodi yegolide linokunciphisa umngcipheko walo kwindalo kwaye linegalelo kwikamva elizinzileyo.