Ukutyhala Ukuya Emgodini weGolide Ngaphandle kweMercury–kaninzi icyanide yesodium

Iqela elixhaswa yi-UN linceda abavukuzi abancinci basePhilippines ukuba bafumane enye indlela ekhuselekileyo - ngokuqhelekileyo i-sodium cyanide.

Abasebenzi balungisa intsimbi ekrwada enegolide kumzi-mveliso omncinane eParacale, kwiiPhilippines.

KwiPhilippines, njengakwiindawo ezininzi kwihlabathi liphela, i-mercury ibisoloko iphambili kwindlela abavukuzi begolide abancinci abaphila ngayo. Isetyenziswa njengendlela elula yokwahlula igolide kwezinye iiminerali abazimbayo, i-heavy metal inetyhefu kakhulu kwaye inokubangela umonakalo wemithambo-luvo, iziphene esibelekweni, kwanokufa.

IiPhilippines zayekisa ukusetyenziswa kwemekyuri kwimigodi yegolide ngo-2012. Ukanti abasebenzi-mgodini abangabhaliswanga kweli lizwe bayaqhubeka bexhomekeke kwimichiza ukuze bafumane umvuzo wabo wemihla ngemihla. Kubo, uluvo lokukhanyela lukhona, ngaphandle kokufunda malunga neengozi zempilo kunye nokufa kwangaphambi kwexesha okufunyanwa ngabantu abasebenza kweli candelo.

Umnini mgodini kunye nombolekisi wabasebenzi-mgodini usebenzisa isibonelelo esincinane esomba intsimbi ekrwada kwimingxuma egrunjwe nzulu ngezantsi kwepropati ize iyisebenzise kwiindawo zokusila. Amacephe ambalwa e-mercury afakwe ngaphakathi rhoqo xa ii-mills zitshiswa.

Abasebenzi basezimayini basebenzisa i-mercury kuba ilula. Xa i-mercury ixutywe nentsimbi ekrwada, ibophelelana negolide, yenze i-amalgam yamalungu aphantse alingane ezintsimbi zimbini. Imekyuri iye itshiswe iphele, ishiya ngasemva igolide kodwa iphinde idale umphunga onetyhefu othi abasebenzi-mgodini abaninzi bawuphefumle bengaqondanga.

Umnini mgodi uthi ngokusebenzisa i-mercury ukuxhasa usapho, echaza ukuba ishafti kwafuneka ivalwe kwaye itonela elitsha lityaliwe emva kwenkanyamba ebangele izikhukula.

I-Mercury - amanzi angcolisekileyo akuyo yonke indawo kwisiza, kuqukwa nequla elincinane apho abasebenzi basezimayini basebenzisa ityhefu egalela igolide kwintsimbi ekrwada ethi ijikwe kwilitye lokusila. Idama lijikelezwe ziingxowa zesanti kwaye lihlala kumgama weemitha ukusuka emlanjeni apho abantwana abancinci baloba khona.

Abantwana baloba ecaleni komgodi omncinane wegolide eParacale, kwiiPhilippines, osaqhubeka nokusebenzisa imekyuri kwinkqubo yawo yokutsala.

Umnini uyavuma ukuba i-mercury iyingozi kakhulu. Kukho malunga neshumi elinambini lamadoda asebenza kwizikhululo ezahlukeneyo kwikhompleksi, kwaye abanye abali-10 baxakekile bekhupha intsimbi ekrwada ngaphantsi kweenyawo. Abasebenzi baxelelwa ukuba bangayisebenzisi ukuba baneziva, ukuphepha ukufunxa egazini.

Utyelelo kulo mzi-mveliso luyinxalenye yohambo loonondaba oluququzelelwa yinkqubo ekhokelwa yiZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, iplanetGOLD, esebenzela ukunceda abembi begolide abakhasayo bathobele isivumelwano, iMinamata Convention on Mercury. Iintatheli zityelele imigodi kunye nemizi-mveliso ekumanqanaba ahlukeneyo otshintsho kude nemekyuri.

Kwakucacile kwiityelelo ukuba utshintsho luya kwenzeka kuphela ukuba abavukuzi bayazi ngakumbi imingcipheko baze bafumane uncedo kwabasemagunyeni ukuze bafumane ezinye iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokukhupha igolide. Okwangoku, abavukuzi abaninzi bafumana isisombululo kwenye ikhemikhali eyingozi: iSodium Cyanide.

Ukukhuthaza utshintsho

Ukusukela oko amakholoniyali aseSpain aqala ukukhangela igolide kwiiPhilippines ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-16, abasebenzi basezimayini abahluphekayo baye batsaleleka kwishishini, ngakumbi ngexesha lokunyuka kwexabiso legolide. Abantu abajikeleze indawo ethile basebenze ubomi babo bonke kwicandelo. Ngo-2020. umntu wafumana ilifa lomgodi.

Njengoko ukungaqiniseki kwehlabathi kuqhubela abatyali-mali baye kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo-kunye notshintsho lwamandla lunyusa imfuno yegolide nezinye izimbiwa, amaxabiso egolide anyukile-malunga ne-10% ngo-2024 kuphela-etsala abantu abaninzi kulo msebenzi.

I-UN iqikelela ukuba abantu abazizigidi ezili-15—kuquka abantwana nabafazi abazizigidi ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-5—baqeshwe kumazwe angaphezu kwama-80 kwimisebenzi yemigodi emincinci evelisa malunga nama-20% emveliso yesinyithi ehlabathini. Lo mgodi wegolide wobugcisa ukhupha malunga neetoni ezingama-2.000 ze-mercury ngonyaka kwindalo esingqongileyo.

Ukususela ekubeni iNgqungquthela yaseMinamata yaqala ukusebenza kwiminyaka eyi-7 edlulileyo, i-planetGOLD ibisebenza nabasemagunyeni, abasebenzi basezimayini, abaxhasi bemali, kunye noluntu lwasekuhlaleni ukutshintsha indlela igolide ekhutshwa ngayo kwaye iqhutywe ngayo. Iinzame ziquka ukwakha ulwazi ngeengozi zemercury ngelixa unceda ukulungelelanisa imetyhuri - iindlela zokumbiwa kwamahhala kunye neendlela zokucubungula kwiimfuno zasekuhlaleni. Iinkqubo zomntu ngamnye zePlanetiGold zihlala iminyaka emi-5, emva koko iinzame ziye ziqhutyelwe luluntu kunye noogunyaziwe bengingqi.

IplanetGOLD isebenze kumazwe angaphezu kwama-20 eAfrika, eAsia, nakuMbindi Merika. Kwingxelo yonyaka ka-2022–23 yenkqubo, abahlalutyi baqikelela ukuba iinzame zayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku zithintele ukusetyenziswa kwe-31.4 t yemekyuri kumazwe amathandathu apho isebenza khona. Kumazwe aliqela, kuquka iKholombiya, iPeru, kunye neBurkina Faso, iplanetGOLD ikhuthaza imibutho yezemali yasekuhlaleni ukuba ibonelele ngetyala kubasebenzi basezimayini ukubanceda bamkele itekhnoloji yokusetyenzwa kwemercury simahla.

Ibhotile yeplastiki igcina imekyuri kumgodi omncinci wegolide kunye neplanti yokucoca eParacale, kwiiPhilippines.

Kwindawo ethile kwiiPhilippines apho i-planetGOLD ikhona, i-500.000 ye-mercury ye-mercury - i-processing plant yamahhala ilindele isiqinisekiso esisemthethweni ukuba iqalise ukusebenza ekuqaleni kwe-2025. xa ubunini buya kudluliselwa kubasebenzi basezimayini kunye ne-planetGOLD iya kubuya. Yakhelwe phezu kwenduli phezu kwedolophu ukuthatha ithuba lomxhuzulane ekwahluleni nasekusileni intsimbi ekrwada, iya kunceda amalungu ombutho wabasebenzi basezimayini basekhaya, ohamba nge-akhronimi SMBC.

Kwi -cyanidation yegolide , esetyenziswa rhoqo kwimigodi emikhulu, abembi bemigodi benza udaka lwe-ore etyumkileyo kunye namanzi baze bongeze i-sodium cyanide, enyibilikisa igolide. I-activated carbon iyongezwa, isebenza njengesiponji ukufunxa i-gold-cyanide complex. Amasuntswana e-carbon agcwele igolide, amakhulu kuneebhithi ze-ore, emva koko ahlulwa kusetyenziswa i-wire mesh. Igolide ifunyanwa ngokongeza i-cyanide engaphezulu okanye ngokunyibilikisa.

Ngokungafaniyo ne-mercury, ehlala ikwimeko-bume, i-cyanide inokususwa kwi-oxidation nge -hydrogen peroxide okanye i-sodium metabisulfite.

isikhanyeli

Eli nqaku lithunyelwe kwakhona kwi-Intanethi. Umxholo ngowereferensi kuphela, kwaye asibangi nabuphi na ubunini okanye ukuyilwa kwayo. Asinaxanduva lokuchaneka, ukugqibelela, ukufika ngexesha, okanye ukuthembeka kolwazi olukwinqaku. Ukuba kukho nayiphi na imiba malunga ne-copyright okanye ezinye iinkxalabo zomthetho, nceda uqhagamshelane nathi, kwaye siya kuthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo ngokukhawuleza.