Uyazi ngokusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide?

Sodium i-cyanide, ngefomula yamakhemikhali i-NaCN, iyinhlanganisela eye yazuza ukunakwa okuphawulekayo ngenxa yobuthi bayo obuphezulu. Nokho, iphinde idlale indima ebalulekile ezimbonini ezahlukene. Lesi sihloko sicubungula ukusetshenziswa kwe-multifaceted I-sodium cyanide emikhakheni eyahlukene.

1. Imboni Yezimayini

Ukukhishwa Kwegolide Nesiliva

Omunye owaziwa kakhulu Izicelo of I-Sodium Cyanide isekukhishweni kwegolide nesiliva ezitsheni zabo. Le nqubo, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-cyanidation, incike ekhonweni lama-ion e-cyanide ukwenza izakhiwo ezizinzile ezinegolide nesiliva. Lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo namanzi, insimbi yegolide ithola i-oxidation futhi incibilika kusisombululo se-cyanide, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwegolide - i-cyanide complex. Le ndlela iphumelela kakhulu futhi ibilokhu indinganiso yezimayini zegolide nesiliva iminyaka eminingi. Ivumela ukutholwa kwezinsimbi eziyigugu kusuka kuma-ore wezinga eliphansi, okungenzeka kungabi namandla ngokwezomnotho ukucutshungulwa kusetshenziswa ezinye izindlela. Isibonelo, ezimayini zegolide ngezinga elikhulu emhlabeni jikelele, i-sodium cyanide isetshenziswa ngobuningi ukukha igolide. Kwezinye izimayini zase-Afrika naseNingizimu Melika, izinkulungwane zamathani ensimbi ziphathwa nge-cyanide nsuku zonke ukuze kutholwe amanani amancane egolide.

Okunye Ukucutshungulwa Kwensimbi

I-sodium cyanide isetshenziswa futhi ekuhlukaniseni nasekuhlanzweni kwezinye izinsimbi njengethusi, i-zinc, ne-nickel. Phakathi nalezi zinqubo, i-cyanide ingabopha ngokukhetha ngezinsimbi ezithile, okuvumela ukuhlukana kwazo nokungcola noma ezinye izinsimbi ku-ore. Ngokwesibonelo, ngethusi - Imboni yezokumbiwa phansi, i-cyanide ingasetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa ithusi kwezinye izinsimbi ezihambisanayo emzimbeni we-ore. Lokhu kufezwa ngokulungisa i-pH kanye nokugxilwa kwesisombululo se-cyanide ukuze kuqondiswe ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwensimbi - i-cyanide.

2. Ukuqothula amandla

In the I-Electroplating imboni, i-sodium cyanide iyisici esibalulekile ekugezeni kokucwenga. Isiza ukufakwa kwezinsimbi njengethusi, isiliva, i-cadmium, ne-zinc kuma-substrates ahlukahlukene. Ama-Cyanide ions kusixazululo se-plating asebenza njengama-ejenti ayinkimbinkimbi. Bakha ama-complexes ane-ion yensimbi, esiza ekulawuleni izinga lokufakwa kwensimbi. Ngenxa yalokho, i-coating yensimbi ehambisanayo futhi enamathelayo itholakala ebusweni bento egxiliwe. Isibonelo, ekukhiqizeni ubucwebe bekhwalithi ephezulu, i-electroplating ngesiliva noma igolide ngokuvamile ihilela ukusetshenziswa kwezixazululo ze-cyanide ezisekelwe ku-plating. Ukuba khona kwe-sodium cyanide kuqinisekisa ukuthi insimbi eyigugu ifakwa ngokulinganayo, inikeze ubucwebe isiphetho esibushelelezi nesicwebezelayo. Embonini yezimoto, izingxenye ezinjengamabhampa nezinsimbi zokuhlobisa ngokuvamile zifakwa ugesi kusetshenziswa i-cyanide - equkethe izixazululo zokuthuthukisa ukubukeka kwazo nokumelana nokugqwala.

3. Chemical Synthesis

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Organic Compounds

I-sodium cyanide iyi-reagent ebalulekile ku-organic synthesis. Ingasetshenziselwa ukwethula iqembu le-cyano (-CN) kuma-molecule ephilayo. Lesi yisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kwezinhlanganisela eziningi zezinto eziphilayo, okuhlanganisa ama-nitriles, angamabhlokhi wokwakha ahlukahlukene kukhemikhali yemvelo. Isibonelo, ekukhiqizeni i-acrylonitrile, esetshenziselwa ukwenza imicu yokwenziwa njenge-acrylic ne-modacrylic, i-sodium cyanide ingasetshenziswa kwesinye sezinyathelo zokusabela. Ukusabela phakathi kwe-organic halide efanelekile ne-sodium cyanide kuholela ekwakhekeni kwe-nitrile ngokusabela kwe-nucleophilic substitution.

I-synthesis of Pharmaceuticals and Agrochemicals

Embonini yezemithi, i-sodium cyanide isetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni kwezidakamizwa ezimbalwa. Ngokwesibonelo, kuhileleke ekukhiqizweni kwemithi ethile elwa namagciwane, amavithamini, nemithi elwa nokuvuvukala. Ekuhlanganisweni kwe-vitamin B12. I-cyanide isetshenziswa ekulungiseleleni izinhlanganisela ezibalulekile eziphakathi. Emkhakheni we-agrochemical, i-sodium cyanide isetshenziswa ekwenzeni izibulala-zinambuzane nama-herbicides. Amanye ama-insecticide nama-fungicides aqukethe izakhiwo ezitholakala ekuphenduleni okubandakanya i-sodium cyanide. Lawa makhemikhali asiza ekuvikeleni izitshalo ezinambuzaneni nasezifweni, ngaleyo ndlela andise umkhiqizo wezolimo.

4. Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza

Ukulawulwa Kwegundane

Ngenxa yobuthi bayo obukhulu, i-sodium cyanide isetshenziswe njenge-rodenticide. Ingasetshenziselwa ukulawula inani lamagundane, amagundane, namanye amagundane. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kulo mongo kulawulwa kakhulu ngenxa yezingozi ezingaba khona ezinhlotsheni ezingahlosiwe kanye nemvelo. Kwezinye izindawo lapho ukuhlasela kwamagundane kubi kakhulu futhi ezinye izindlela zokulawula ziye zabonakala zingasebenzi, izithiyo ezisekelwe ku-sodium cyanide zingasetshenziswa ngaphansi kokugadwa okuqinile. Amagundane adla udobo, futhi i-cyanide isheshe isebenze ezimisweni zabo zemizwa, okuholela ekufeni.

Ukuhlanzwa Kwensimbi kanye Nokupholisha

I-sodium cyanide ingasetshenziswa ekuhlanzeni insimbi nasekupholisha imisebenzi. Isiza ekukhipheni ama-oxide nokunye ukungcola okungaphezulu ezinsimbi. Endabeni yezinsimbi ezithile, i-cyanide ingasabela nokungcola okungaphezulu, yakhe izakhiwo ezincibilikayo ezingakhukhuleka kalula. Le nqubo iwusizo ikakhulukazi ekulungiseni izindawo zensimbi ukuze ziqhubeke nokucutshungulwa, njengokudweba noma ukubopha. Ngokwesibonelo, embonini ye-aerospace, ngaphambi kokuba izingxenye ezithile zensimbi zidwetshwe noma zihlanganiswe ndawonye, ​​zingase zelashwe ngezixazululo ezine-sodium cyanide ukuze kuqinisekiswe indawo ehlanzekile nebushelelezi.

Sengiphetha, i-sodium cyanide, naphezu kobuthi bayo, inezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene. Kusukela ekukhishweni kwezinsimbi eziyigugu ezimayini kuya ekuhlanganisweni kwemithi ebalulekile, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuhlukahlukene futhi kubalulekile. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yemvelo yayo eyingozi, imithetho eqinile yokuphepha kanye nemvelo ikhona ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphathwa kwayo okufanele, ukugcinwa nokulahlwa kwayo.