Kungani I-China Ibe Umkhiqizi Ohamba Phambili Womhlaba We-Sodium Cyanide

Kusukela ngo-2008 kuya ku-2015. I-China ibe nezinguquko eziphawulekayo endaweni I-Sodium Cyanide ukukhiqizwa. Yasuka ekubeni umthengi ophelele waleli khemikhali enobuthi kakhulu yaba umkhiqizi, umlondolozi nomthengisi omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni. Lokhu kushintsha okubalulekile kuphakamisa umbuzo: kungani iChina iqhamuke njengezwe elihamba phambili kuleli i-sodium cyanide ukukhiqizwa?

I-Global Sodium Cyanide Production Landscape

IJapan yayiphakathi kwabangene kuqala kulo mqhudelwano I-sodium cyanide isizinda sokukhiqiza. Naphezu kokubusa kwe-United States (nezinkampani ezinjengeDuPont ezibalelwa ku-43% wesamba sokukhiqiza emhlabeni jikelele) kanye neNtshonalanga Yurophu ku-sodium yamazwe ngamazwe. i-cyanide indawo yokukhiqiza, izinkampani zaseJapane ezifana neKuraray neNippon Soda, phakathi kwezinye, zenze iJapane yakwazi ukugcina isikhundla sokuncintisana. Ngo-1999 cishe amaphesenti angama-50 e-sodium cyanide ephuma eJapane yadluliselwa ekukhiqizeni i-methionine, esetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni ukudla kwezilwane.

Nokho, emhlabeni wonke, ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe-sodium cyanide kusekukhishweni kwegolide. Kusukela ubuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa i-sodium cyanide ezimayini zegolide bavela ngeminyaka yawo-1980, sebusetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini zegolide zamazwe ahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, eNingizimu Afrika, u-99.5% wokumbiwa kwegolide uncike kule ndlela; e-United States, isibalo simi ku-88.1%, kanti e-Australia, singama-84.9%. Njengamanje, i-75% emangalisayo ye-sodium cyanide yomhlaba isetshenziswa umkhakha wezimayini. Izimboni zezimayini zegolide eNyakatho Melika, eNingizimu Melika, eRussia, e-Asia Ephakathi, e-Australia, eNingizimu Afrika naseShayina zingabathengi abakhulu baleli khemikhali.

Ukukhuphuka kwezintengo zegolide kube nomthelela oqondile enanini le-sodium cyanide esetshenziswa ekukhishweni kwegolide. Ekuqaleni kwawo-2000, intengo yamazwe ngamazwe ye-sodium cyanide yayiseduze \ (1.600 ngethani, ekhuphuke yaba \) ku-2.800 ngethani. Lokhu kukhuphuka kwentengo kugqugquzele ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwe-sodium cyanide emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokwesibonelo, iRussia nePeru, zakha ngokuzimisela izitshalo zokukhiqiza i-sodium cyanide enamandla onyaka angamathani angu-40.000 we-sodium cyanide eqinile. Kodwa ngokushesha, zasithwa ukukhula okusheshayo kweChina kule ndawo.

Uhambo Lokukhiqiza Lwe-Sodium Cyanide lwaseChina

Ukungena kweChina ekukhiqizeni i-sodium cyanide kwaqala ngawo-1960, iShanghai yaba isizinda sokukhiqiza sokuqala. Ngawo-1980, imboni ye-petrochemical ekhulayo yaholela ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwesidingo se-sodium cyanide. Ngaphambi kuka-2008. I-China yayithembele ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe, iletha amathani angu-10.000 - 30.000 we-sodium cyanide ngonyaka.

Kodwa-ke, amandla amabili okukhula kwesidingo sasekhaya nesamazwe ngamazwe, kuhambisana nokukhuphuka kwamanani entengo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezidingo ezikhulayo ze Imboni Yezimayini Zegolide, iqhubekisele phambili umthamo wokukhiqiza i-sodium cyanide yaseChina. Ngonyaka ka-2009. I-China yazuza ingqopha-mlando ngokuba umthengisi ophelele we-sodium cyanide.

Ngo-2011. Ukukhiqizwa konyaka kwe-sodium cyanide yaseChina kwasondela amathani angu-400.000. Njengamanje, iChina iphethe isicoco somkhiqizi omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni we-sodium cyanide. Ngaphezu kokuhlangabezana nezidingo zasekhaya, ithumela ngaphandle kwamathani angaphezu kuka-70.000 unyaka ngamunye. Ngesikhathi sokukhula ngokushesha kwemboni ye-sodium cyanide, izifundazwe ezifana ne-Anhui ne-Hebei ziye zavela njengezizinda ezinkulu zokukhiqiza.

Amabutho Okushayela Ngemva Kokukhuphuka kweChina

Imboni Yezimayini Zegolide

I-China ayigcini nje ngokuba ngumkhiqizi ohamba phambili kodwa futhi ingumthengi omkhulu wegolide. Ukukhula okuqhubekayo kokukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwegolide kuholele ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwesidingo se-sodium cyanide enqubweni yokumba igolide. Igolide laseShayina kudala libalwa naphezulu emhlabeni. Ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwendlela yokukhipha igolide esekelwe ku-cyanide, esebenza kahle kakhulu ekukhipheni igolide ezitsheni ezinsimbi, kube nomthelela omkhulu ekudingeni okuphezulu kwe-sodium cyanide. Njengoba imboni yezimayini zegolide iqhubeka nokukhula, kokubili mayelana namaphrojekthi ezimayini amasha kanye nokwandiswa kwalawo akhona, isidingo se-sodium cyanide njenge-reagent eyinhloko yokumba sikhule ngokulingana.

Izindleko - ukusebenza kahle kanye ne-Scale Advantage

Abakhiqizi baseShayina benze imali ngomnotho wesilinganiso. Ngokukhiqiza okukhulu, bakwazile ukunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokukhiqiza. Lezi zindleko - ukusebenza kahle kwenze amaShayina - akhiqiza i-sodium cyanide yakwazi ukuncintisana emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuphambili e-China kuye kwathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ikhono lokukhiqiza i-sodium cyanide yekhwalithi ephezulu ngenani eliphansi lihehe amakhasimende asekhaya nawamazwe ngamazwe, ngaleyo ndlela kuqhuba ukukhula kwemboni.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwemboni Ephansi

I-sodium cyanide isebenza njengezinto ezingavuthiwe ezibalulekile ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ezansi nomfula, okubandakanya ukukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali aphakathi, amakhemisi, izibulala-zinambuzane, kanye ne-electroplating. Ukukhula kwalezi zimboni eChina kudale isidingo esinamandla se-sodium cyanide. Isibonelo, embonini yezemithi, i-sodium cyanide isetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni kwemithi ethile ephakathi kwemithi. Njengoba imboni yemithi yaseShayina ikhula futhi iba nokuncintisana kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele, isidingo se-sodium cyanide njengezinto zokusetshenziswa eziyisisekelo siyanda. Ngokufanayo, embonini ye-electroplating, esetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni izinto zikagesi kanye nezinto zokuhlobisa, i-sodium cyanide idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukufakwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Ukukhula kwalezi zimboni ezansi nomfula kunikeze isisekelo esiqinile sokuthuthukiswa kokukhiqizwa kwe-sodium cyanide yaseChina.

Isiphetho

Kafushane, ukuguqulwa kweShayina ekubeni umkhiqizi ohamba phambili emhlabeni we-sodium cyanide kuwumphumela wenhlanganisela yezinto. Isidingo esikhulayo esivela embonini yezimayini zegolide, izindleko - amasu okukhiqiza asebenzayo, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezisezansi nomfula konke kube nomthelela kulokhu kukhula okumangalisayo. Nokho, ngalokhu kukhula kuza nomsebenzi wokuqinisekisa ukuphepha okuqinile kanye nezinyathelo zokuvikela imvelo. Uma kubhekwa ubuthi obuphezulu be-sodium cyanide, ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele, ukugcinwa, kanye nokuthutha kubaluleke kakhulu. Njengoba iChina iqhubeka nokuba phambili ekukhiqizeni i-sodium cyanide, kufanele futhi ihole ekusebenziseni izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuvikela nokuphathwa kwemvelo ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi ezingaba khona ezihlobene naleli khemikhali eyingozi.