Yonke inqubo ye-slime cyanidation yensimbi yegolide yohlobo olusabalalisiwe

1. Isingeniso

Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwemboni yezimayini zegolide, izinsiza zegolide ezicutshungulwa kalula ziyancipha kancane kancane. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukutadisha izinqubo zokuhlomula nokuncibilikiswa kwezinsimbi zegolide eziphikisayo, njengegolide eline-arsenic - i-antimony vein - uhlobo olusabalalisiwe. Lawa ma-ores abonakala ngokuphelela

x mieralogy, lapho i-arsenopyrite kanye ne-stibnite kuhlotshaniswa eduze namaminerali e-ganggue ngendlela esabalalisiwe, okwenza ukukhishwa kwegolide kube inselele. Inqubo ye-slime cyanidation iyindlela evamile yokukhipha igolide, kodwa kulolu hlobo lwensimbi, ivamise ukubhekana nezinkinga ezifana nezinga eliphansi legolide lokucwiliswa kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwe-reagent. Ukuthuthukisa lolu hlelo kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo izinga lokusebenzisa izinsiza kanye nezinzuzo zezomnotho zezimayini zegolide.

2. Izici ze-Arsenic - I-Antimony Vein - Izinsimbi Zegolide Ezisatshalalisiwe

2.1 Ukubunjwa Kwezimbiwa

Ku-arsenic - i-antimony vein - i-ores yegolide yohlobo olusabalalisiwe, i-arsenopyrite ne-stibnite angamaminerali ayinhloko athinta ukukhishwa kwegolide. Izinhlayiya zegolide zemvelo ku-ore zinezinhlayiyana ezingalingani ngokwedlulele. Zisatshalaliswa ngokuyinhloko emifantwini nasezikhaleni ze-inter-granular ze-pyrite ne-arsenopyrite, noma zigoqwe ngaphakathi kwazo. Kwesinye isikhathi, igolide lihlangana ne-stibnite, futhi ingxenye yalo ishumekwe kumaminerali e-ganggue njenge-limonite noma i-quartz. Ingxenye ye-pyrite ku-ore ikhona njengokusatshalaliswa okuhle - okusanhlamvu kumaminerali e-ganggue futhi inobudlelwane obuseduze be-symbiotic ne-arsenopyrite ne-marcasite. I-Arsenopyrite ngokuvamile inosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezincane futhi ihlotshaniswa eduze ne-pyrite. Isakhiwo se-ore ikakhulukazi i-vein - isakazwa, iningi le-stibnite ne-arsenopyrite ehlanganiswe namaminerali e-ganggue ngendlela esabalalisa.

2.2 Izinto Eziyingozi

Ukuba khona kwe-arsenic (As) kanye ne-antimony (Sb) ku-ore akulungile kakhulu ekulethweni kwegolide kwe-cyanidation. Lezi zici zingasabela nazo i-cyanide kanye ne-oxygen enqubweni ye-cyanidation, idla inani elikhulu lama-reagents futhi inciphisa izinga lokukhishwa kwegolide. Isibonelo, i-arsenic ingakha i-arsenic ehlukahlukene - equkethe inhlanganisela ye-cyanide solution, engadli nje kuphela i-cyanide kodwa futhi engase yakhe amafilimu e-passivation ebusweni bezinhlayiya zegolide, ivimbele ukuthintana phakathi kwegolide nama-ion e-cyanide.

3. Izinkinga Ezikhona Kuzo Zonke - Inqubo Ye-Slime Cyanidation

3.1 Izinga Eliphansi Lokuvuza Ngegolide

Qondisa konke - i-slime cyanidation ye-arsenic - i-antimony vein - amatshe egolide ohlobo olusatshalalisiwe ngokuvamile kubangela izinga eliphansi legolide lokucwiliswa. Ngenxa yokwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-mineralogical kanye nokuba khona kwezinto eziyingozi, igolide kunzima ukuqedwa ngokuphelele nge-cyanide. Kwamanye ama-ores, izinga eliqondile lokutholwa kwe-slime cyanidation licishe libe ngama-47.62%.

3.2 Ukusetshenziswa Okuphezulu Kwe-Reagent

Inqubo ye-cyanidation idinga inani elikhulu le-cyanide njenge-agent leaching. Kodwa-ke, lapho kukhona i-arsenic, i-antimony nezinye izinto eziyingozi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide kukhula kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona kwamanye amaminerali e-sulfide ku-ore nakho kungasabela nge-cyanide, okwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-reagent. Isibonelo, ukusabela kwamaminerali e-sulfide nge-cyanide kungakha ama-cyano - ama-complexes ahlukahlukene, anciphise ukuhlushwa kwe-cyanide yamahhala odongeni futhi abambezele ukucwiliswa kwegolide.

4. Amasu Okuthuthukisa Kubo Bonke - Inqubo Ye-Slime Cyanidation

4.1 Izindlela Zokwelapha Ngaphambili

4.1.1 Ukwelashwa Ngaphambi Kwe-alkaline Leaching

Ukusebenzisa i-NaOH njenge-ejenti ye-alkaline leaching kungasusa ngempumelelo ezinye izakhi eziyingozi. Ngokuhlolwa kwe-orthogonal factorial, kuye kwanqunywa ukuthi kwamanye ama-ores, lapho ukuqina kokugaya izimbiwa kungu-200 mesh accounting for 85%, ukugxilwa kwe-alkaline leaching kungu-60 kg/t, isikhathi sokukhipha i-alkaline singamahora angama-32, kanti izinga lokushisa le-alkaline leaching lingu-26 °C, umphumela olandelayo ungathuthukiswa. Ukucwiliswa kwe-alkali kungancibilikisa i-arsenic ethile - ne-antimony - equkethe amaminerali ngokwezinga elithile, kunciphise umthelela wawo omubi enqubweni ye-cyanidation.

4.1.2 Ukwelashwa Ngaphambi Kwe-Acid

Ukwelashwa nge-asidi ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-nitric acid (HNO₃) kanye ne-hydrochloric acid (HCl), nakho kungasebenza kahle. Ukwelashwa nge-asidi ngaphambi kokusebenzisa kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide. Isibonelo, ngemva kokwelashwa nge-asidi ngaphambi kokusebenzisa, ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide kungancishiswa ngo-340 - 210 mg/L ngokulandelana, futhi amazinga okubuyisa igolide ahambisanayo angakhuphuka afike ku-98.87% kanye no-95.11%. Ukwelashwa nge-asidi ngaphambi kokusebenzisa kungancibilikisa ezinye izinto. I-Carbonbadle amaminerali kanye nengxenye yamaminerali e-sulfide e-ore, okunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwala maminerali enkambisweni ye-cyanidation.

4.1.3 Ukugazinga Ukwelashwa Ngaphambi Kokuqala

Ukuwosa insimbi ku-600 - 1000 °C amahora angu-0.5 - 2 ngaphambi kwe-cyanidation nakho kungazuza imiphumela emihle. Imiphumela ye-cyanidation kumasampuli agazisiwe ibonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide kwehliswe kakhulu ngo-1150 mg/L, futhi izinga lokutholwa kwegolide likhuphuka ngo-5.2%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuqukethwe kwe-arsenic, i-antimony, i-cadmium, kanye IMERCURY kusampula egazingiwe (eyosiwe ku-1000 °C amahora angu-2) iyancipha kakhulu. Ukugazinga kungaguqula amaminerali e-sulfide abe ama-oxide ensimbi, okwenza igolide lifinyeleleke kalula ku-cyanide leaching.

4.2 Ukwenziwa Kwezimo Ze-Cyanidation

4.2.1 I-Cyanide Concentration

Ngama-ores anezici ezihlukile, ukugxila kwe-cyanide okufanele kudinga ukunqunywa. Ohlotsheni lokuqala lwesampula le-ore eliqukethe igolide elingu-10.5 ppm eline-arsenic ephezulu ne-antimony, ukugxiliswa kwe-cyanide okuphezulu ngu-4000 mg/L, kanti ohlotsheni lwesibili lwesampula ye-ore enokuqukethwe kwegolide eliphansi (2.5 ppm) kodwa okuqukethwe kwesiliva okuphezulu (160 ppm), ukugxiliswa okuphezulu kwe-cyanide kungu-2500 mg/L. Ukulungisa ukugxila kwe-cyanide ngokuya ngezakhiwo ze-ore kungaqinisekisa ukucwiliswa kwegolide okusebenzayo ngenkathi kunciphisa imfucuza ye-reagent.

4.2.2 pH Inani

Inani le-pH lesisombululo se-cyanidation nalo linomthelela omkhulu emthelela wokuvuza. Ngesampula yokuqala, i-pH ekahle ngu-11.1. futhi kusampula yesibili, i-pH ephezulu ingu-10.5. Ukugcina inani le-pH elifanele kungaqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesisombululo se-cyanide futhi kukhuthaze ukusabela phakathi kwegolide nama-ion e-cyanide.

4.2.3 Isikhathi seCyanidation

Isikhathi se-cyanidation kufanele futhi sithuthukiswe. Kuzo zombili izinhlobo zamasampuli ashiwo ngenhla, isikhathi esifanele se-cyanidation singamahora angama-24. Ukwelula isikhathi se-cyanidation kungase kungakhulisi kakhulu izinga lokutholwa kwegolide kodwa kuzonyusa izindleko zokukhiqiza. Ngakho-ke, ukunquma isikhathi esifanele se-cyanidation kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.

4.2.4 Ukusetshenziswa kwama-oxidizing Agents

Ukusebenzisa ama-oxidizing agents afana ne-H₂O₂ (0.015 M), umoya (0.15 L/min), noma ingxube ye-H₂O₂ nomoya kungathuthukisa i-kinetics yokukhipha igolide. Phakathi kwabo, umjovo womoya unomphumela ozuzisa kakhulu ku-kinetics ye-leaching. Ama-oxidizing agents angaguqula ezinye izinto ezincishisiwe kwi-ore zibe amafomu e-oxidized, akhuthaze ukuchithwa kwegolide.

5. Izibonelo

Emayini yegolide e-Gansu, inqubo ye-slime cyanidation ye-arsenic - i-antimony vein - uhlobo lwegolide olusatshalaliswa lwenziwe lalungiswa. Ngokusebenzisa i-alkaline leaching pretreatment nge-NaOH, okwandisa ukucoliseka kokugaya, ukugxila kwe-alkaline leaching, isikhathi, nezinga lokushisa, bese kwenziwa i-cyanidation ene-NaCN efanele yokugxila kanye nesikhathi se-cyanidation, izinga le-cyanide leaching lenyuka lisuka kwelasekuqaleni lika-47.62% laya ku-85.04%. Kwesinye isimo, ediphozithi yegolide enokwakheka kwe-ore eyinkimbinkimbi, ngemuva kokulungiswa kwe-asidi kwangaphambili nokugaziswa kwangaphambili, bese kulungiswa Izimo ze-Cyanidation, izinga lokutholwa kwegolide lathuthukiswa kakhulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide kwehliswa ngokuphumelelayo.

6. Isiphetho

Ukuthuthukisa konke - inqubo ye-slime cyanidation ye-arsenic - i-antimony vein - uhlobo lwegolide olusabalalisiwe kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha igolide nokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza. Ngokukhetha izindlela zokwelapha ezifanele ezinjengokucwiliswa kwe-alkaline, ukwelapha kusengaphambili kwe-asidi, nokosiwa kusengaphambili, nokuthuthukisa izimo ze-cyanidation ezihlanganisa ukugxiliswa kwe-cyanide, inani le-pH, isikhathi se-cyanidation, kanye nokusebenzisa ama-oxidizing agents, ukuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo kungafinyelelwa kuzinga legolide lokucwiliswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-reagent. Izimayini zegolide ezihlukene kufanele zikhethe amasu okuthuthukisa ngokuvumelana nezici zazo ze-ore ukuze zizuze izinzuzo ezingcono kakhulu zezomnotho nezemvelo.