Ukucatshangelwa Okubalulekile Ekukhishweni Kwegolide Ngokuchotshozwa kanye Nokuchithwa Kwenqwaba Ezimayini Zegolide

Ukukhishwa kwegolide ngokuchotshozwa kanye ukukhishwa kwenqwaba kuyindlela eyamukelwa kabanzi ku izimayini zegolide imboni. Ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwegolide okuphumelelayo nokuqhubekayo, opharetha badinga ukunaka kakhulu izici eziningi kuyo yonke inqubo.

1. Ukuhlaziywa Kwezakhiwo Zensimbi

Ukubunjwa kwamaminerali

Ukuqonda okuqukethwe kwegolide namaminerali ahlobene nensimbi kubalulekile. Lesi sinyathelo sisiza ekunqumeni ukuthi indlela yokukhishwa kwenqwaba iyasebenza yini. Isibonelo, uma insimbi iqukethe inani elikhulu lamaminerali aphikisayo, kungase kudingeke ukulungiswa okwengeziwe.

Ukusabalalisa Usayizi Wezinhlayiyana

Ngemuva kokuchotshozwa, ubukhulu bezinhlayiya ze-ore kufanele bufane. Izinhlayiya ezinkulu kakhulu zingaholela ekungeneni okungaphelele, kuyilapho izinhlayiya ezincane zingase zikhiphe izinhlawulo ezeqile, kuvimbele ukungena kwesixazululo.

2. Inqubo yokuchoboza

Imishini yokuchoboza

Khetha ama-crusher afanelekile, njengama-crusher emihlathini nama-cone crushers. Le mishini iklanyelwe ukuhlukanisa insimbi ibe yizinhlayiyana ezidingekayo. Isibonelo, ama-crusher emihlathini asebenza kahle ekuchobozeni okuyisisekelo, kuyilapho ama-cone crushers afanele ukuchotshozwa kwesibili kanye nasezingeni eliphezulu.

Ukulawula Usayizi Wezinhlayiyana

Ngokujwayelekile, usayizi wezinhlayiyana kufanele ulawulwe phakathi kwamamilimitha ayi-10 - 30. Izinhlayiya ezinkulu zinciphisa izinga le-leaching, futhi izinhlayiya ezincane zingabangela izinkinga nge-percolation yesixazululo ngenxa yokwakheka kwenhlawulo.

3. Ukulungiswa Kwezindawo Zokuvuzwa Kwenqwaba

Ukukhethwa Kwesiza

Khetha indawo eyisicaba futhi engakwazi ukungena kuyo ukuze kufakwe inqwaba. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwesixazululo, okungase kungcolise imvelo.

Ukwelashwa kokungakwazi ukuqina

Beka i-membrane engangenisi ukuvimbela i-leachate ukuthi ingangeni phansi. Lokhu kubalulekile ekuvikelweni kwemvelo kanye nokucwiliswa kwamanzi ngendlela efanele.

4. Ukukhethwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-Leaching Agents

Ama-Leaching Agents

Sodium i-cyanide Isixazululo sivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokucwilisa. Ukuhlushwa kwe I-sodium cyanide kufanele ilawulwe ngokuqinile ngaphakathi kwe-0.05% - 0.1%. Ukugxila okuphezulu kwandisa izindleko, kuyilapho ukugxila okuphansi kunciphisa izinga lokuvuza.

Ukulawulwa Kwenani le-pH

Gcina inani le-pH lesisombululo se-leaching phakathi kuka-10 - 11. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela ukubola kwe-cyanide, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokucwilisa.

5. Imisebenzi ye-Heap Leaching

Ukulawula Ukuphakama Kwenqwaba

Ukuphakama kwenqwaba kuvame ukusethwa phakathi kwamamitha ama-3 - 6. Inqwaba ephezulu kakhulu ingakhinyabeza ukungena kwesixazululo, kuyilapho inqwaba ephansi kakhulu inciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.

Ukufafaza Amandla

Lawula amandla okufafaza ku-5 - 10 L/m²·h. Ukufafaza ngokweqile kuholela ekulahlekelweni kwesisombululo, kuyilapho ukufafaza okunganele kuthinta umphumela wokukhipha.

6. Ukuphathwa kweLeachate

Iqoqo le-Leachate

Ukuqinisekisa ukuqoqwa okusebenzayo kwe-leachate ukuze kugwenywe ukulahlekelwa kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo. Isistimu yokuqoqa eklanywe kahle ibalulekile ukuze kukhuliswe ukutholakala kwegolide.

I-Leachate Recycling

Sebenzisa kabusha i-leachate ukuze uthuthukise ukutholakala kwegolide futhi unciphise ukusetshenziswa kwe-reagent. Lokhu akugcini nje ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kodwa futhi kunciphisa izindleko.

7. Ukuvikelwa Kwezemvelo

Ukwelashwa Amanzi

Yelapha imfucuza ngaphambi kokuyikhipha ukuze uvimbele ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise izinqubo ezifana nemvula yamakhemikhali nokuhlunga.

Ukulahlwa Kwezinsila

Lahla kahle imisila ngemva kokucwiliswa ukuze uvimbele ukungcoliswa kwesibili. Izinketho zifaka isitoreji esiphephile kumachibi ama-tailings noma ukucubungula okwengeziwe.

8. Ukuphathwa Kwezokuphepha

Ukuphathwa kweCyanide

I-Cyanide inobuthi obukhulu. Sebenzisa izinyathelo eziqinile zokuphatha ukuvimbela ukuvuza kanye nobuthi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukugcinwa okufanele, ukuphatha, nokuthuthwa kwe-cyanide.

Ukuvikelwa Kwabasebenzi

Abasebenzisi kufanele bagqoke izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele. Ukuqeqeshwa njalo kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphephile.

9. Ukulungiswa Kwezinsiza kusebenza

Ukuhlola Okuvamile

Hlola njalo ukuchotshozwa, ukufutha, nezinye izinto zokusebenza ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza okuvamile. Lokhu kusiza ukukhomba izinkinga ezingaba khona ngaphambi kokuthi zidale ukuphazamiseka okukhulu.

Ukulungisa Ngesikhathi

Lungisa noma yimaphi amaphutha ngokushesha ukuze ugweme ukubambezeleka kokukhiqiza. Imikhumbi yemishini enakekelwa kahle ibalulekile ekukhiqizeni okuqhubekayo nokusebenzayo.

10. Ukulawula Izindleko

Izindleko ze-Reagent

Lungiselela ukusetshenziswa kwama-reagents ukunciphisa izindleko. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukulungisa ukugxilisa kwe-reagent ngokusekelwe kuzakhiwo ze-ore kanye nemiphumela yokucwiliswa.

Ukulawula Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla

Lungiselela izinqubo zokuchoboza nokufafaza ukuze unciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokunciphisa izindleko kodwa futhi kufaka isandla ekusimameni kwemvelo.

Ekuphetheni, ukukhishwa kwegolide ngokuchotshozwa nokucwiliswa kwenqwaba kudinga ukucatshangelwa okuphelele kwezakhiwo ze-ore, imingcele yenqubo, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, nokuphathwa kokuphepha. Ngokunaka la maphuzu abalulekile, abaqhubi bangathuthukisa amazinga okutholwa kwegolide futhi bathole intuthuko esimeme embonini yezimayini zegolide.