Iqhaza Elibalulekile Le-Sodium Cyanide Ku-Gold Ore Heap Leaching

Emkhakheni wezimayini zegolide, ukucwiliswa kwenqwaba sekuvele njengendlela eyamukelwa kabanzi futhi ebiza kakhulu - ephumelelayo yokukhipha igolide kuma-ore asezingeni eliphansi. Phakathi kwezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zenqubo ye-heap leaching, i-sodium cyanide idlala indima ebalulekile nebalulekile.

Isingeniso seGold Heap Leaching

I-Gold Heap Leaching iyinqubo lapho amatshe egolide asezingeni eliphansi noma ama-flotation tailings anqwabelaniswa ephedi elakhiwe ngokukhethekile. Itshe lensimbi libe selingaphansi kwesenzo sesisombululo sokucwiliswa, esibhobhoza enqwabeni yensimbi, sincibilikise igolide elikhona entsheni. Le ndlela ifaneleka ngokukhethekile ukwelapha izinsimbi ezinkulu zegolide ezisezingeni eliphansi, njengoba inikeza indlela elula neyomnotho yokukhipha igolide uma kuqhathaniswa nezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezimba eqolo zokugaya nokuncibilikisa.

Iqhaza Le-Sodium Cyanide Ekuhlakazweni Kwegolide

I-Chemical Reaction Mechanism

Sodium i-cyanide (I-NaCN) iyi-ejenti enamandla yokuxhuma ukucwiliswa kwenqwaba yegolide. Isihluthulelo sokusebenza kwayo sisemandleni ayo okusabela ngegolide lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo. Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kungenziwa lula ngale ndlela elandelayo: 4Au + 8NaCN+O_{2}+2H_{2}O = 4Na[Au(CN)_{2}]+4NaOH

Kulokhu kusabela, igolide (Au) liphendula ngokuthi I-Sodium Cyanide nomoya-mpilo ukuze kwakhe igolide elincibilikayo - i-cyanide complex, i-sodium dicyanoaurate (Na[Au(CN)_{2}]). Lokhu kusabela okuyinkimbinkimbi kuvumela igolide, elivame ukuba khona ngendlela ecoliseke kakhulu - elisanhlamvu noma elisatshalaliswe ku-ore, ukuba lihlakazwe libe yisixazululo, ngaleyo ndlela livumele ukululama kwalo okulandelayo.

Ukukhetha Kwegolide

Esinye sezici eziphawulekayo ze I-sodium cyanide ku-heap leaching ukukhetha kwayo igolide. Nakuba insimbi ingase ibe nezinye izakhi namaminerali ahlukahlukene, i-sodium cyanide isabela ngokukhethekile negolide ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele. Lokhu kukhetha kubalulekile njengoba kuvumela ukukhishwa kwegolide ngokungaphazamisi okuncane kwezinye izingxenye zensimbi, kunciphisa inkimbinkimbi nezindleko zezinyathelo ezilandelayo zokuhlukaniswa nokuhlanza.

Umthelela Ekusebenzeni Kahle Kwe-Heap Leaching

Leaching Rate

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kuthinta kakhulu izinga legolide. Ukugxila okufanele kwe-sodium cyanide esixazululweni se-leaching kungasheshisa ukuqedwa kwegolide. Ngokuvamile, ukukhulisa ukugcwala kwe-sodium cyanide phakathi kwebanga elithile kungakhuphula izinga okwakhiwa ngalo inkimbinkimbi yegolide - cyanide. Kodwa-ke, lobu akubona ubudlelwano bomugqa, futhi ukugxila okuphezulu kakhulu kungaholela kwezinye izindaba ezinjengokwenyuka kwezindleko ze-reagent kanye nezinkinga ezingaba khona zemvelo.

Igolide Lokubuyisela Izinga

Ukuba khona kwe-sodium cyanide kuhlobene ngokuqondile nezinga lokutholwa kwegolide. Ezinhlelweni eziklanywe kahle futhi ezisetshenziswayo zokukhipha inqwaba, ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kungafinyelela amazinga aphezulu okuthola igolide, ngokuvamile ebangeni elingama-60 - 90% noma ngaphezulu kuye ngohlobo lwensimbi. Izinga eliphezulu lokuthola kabusha lisho ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwemithombo yegolide ensimbi, okubaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho emisebenzini yezimayini.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kokusetshenziswa Kwe-Sodium Cyanide Ekushiseni Kwenqwaba

Ukulawula Ukugxila

Ukunquma ukugcwala okuphelele kwe-sodium cyanide esixazululweni se-leaching kuyisici esibalulekile sokwenza kahle inqwaba. Lokhu kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwezici ezifana nebanga le-ore, i-mineralogy, kanye nokuba khona kwezinye izakhi ezingase zidle i-cyanide. Isibonelo, insimbi equkethe amazinga aphezulu ethusi, i-zinc, noma i-iron sulfide ingase idinge ukugxiliswa okuphezulu kwe-cyanide ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuncibilika okwanele kwegolide, njengoba lezi zinsimbi zingasabela nge-cyanide futhi ziqhudelane negolide ku-reagent.

Ukulungiswa kwe-pH

I-pH yesisombululo se-leaching nayo idlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-sodium cyanide. I-sodium cyanide izinzile futhi iyasebenza endaweni ene-alkali. Ngokuvamile, i-pH yesisombululo se-leaching ku-golden heap leaching igcinwa ku-9 - 11. Ukulungiswa kwe-pH akukwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwe-sodium cyanide kodwa futhi kuthinte ukunyibilika kwezinye i-metal - cyanide complexes, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukisa ukukhetha kokukhipha igolide.

Ukucatshangelwa Kwemvelo Nokuphepha

Ubuthi kanye Nomphumela Wemvelo

I-sodium cyanide iyinto enobuthi kakhulu. Esimeni sokucwiliswa kwenqwaba yegolide, izinyathelo eziqinile zokulawula imvelo ziyadingeka ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhululwa kwayo endaweni ezungezile. Ukuchitheka noma ukulahlwa ngendlela engafanele kwe-sodium cyanide - izixazululo eziqukethe kungaba nemiphumela emibi empilweni yasemanzini, ikhwalithi yomhlabathi, nempilo yabantu. Isibonelo, uma i-sodium cyanide - i-leachate engcolile ivuza emanzini aseduze, ingabangela izinhlanzi eziningi zibulale futhi zingcolise imithombo yamanzi okuphuza.

Izinyathelo Zokuphepha Ekuphatheni

Emisebenzini yezimayini, izimiso zokuphepha eziqinile kufanele zilandelwe lapho kusingathwa i-sodium cyanide. Izisebenzi ezihilelekile ekulungiseni, ekuthuthweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezixazululo ze-sodium cyanide kudingeka zinikezwe izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele, okuhlanganisa amagilavu, izifihla-buso, nezibuko zokuphepha. Izindawo zokugcina i-sodium cyanide kufanele zakhelwe ukuvimbela ukuvuza nokuqinisekisa ukungena komoya ngendlela efanele ukuze kugwenywe ukunqwabelana kwentuthu enobuthi.

Sengiphetha, i-sodium cyanide iyi-reagent ebalulekile nengenakushintshwa ekulethweni kwenqwaba yegolide. Izici zayo zamakhemikhali eziyingqayizivele zivumela ukuchithwa okuphumelelayo nokukhipha igolide kuma-ore wezinga eliphansi. Kodwa-ke, ngezinzuzo zayo ezinkulu kuza nezinselelo ezibalulekile zezemvelo kanye nokuphepha okufanele ziphathwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwezimayini zegolide ezisimeme futhi ezinomthwalo wemfanelo.