I-sodium cyanide, ikhemikhali elungele ukucwiliswa kwezimayini zegolide

Ezweni lika Izimayini zegolide, ukukhishwa kwegolide ensimbi kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ethakazelisayo. Ikhemikhali eyodwa edlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo I-Sodium Cyanide. Iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, i-sodium cyanide bekuyingxenye ebalulekile ekukhishweni kwegolide etsheni, futhi kuze kube namuhla, liseyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokumbiwa kwegolide emisebenzini eminingi yokumba igolide.

Izisekelo zeSodium Cyanide

Sodium i-cyanide (I-NaCN) iyinhlanganisela equkethe iqembu le-cyano, eliqukethe ikhabhoni eboshwe kathathu ne-nitrogen. Ingaba khona kuzo zombili izinhlobo eziqinile neziwuketshezi. Okuqinile I-sodium cyanide ngokuvamile ikhiqizwa njenge-briquette emhlophe ecwebezelayo, eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-cyanoid." Lawa ma-briquette ancibilika kakhulu, okwenza kube lula ukuwasebenzisa embonini yezimayini. I-Liquid sodium cyanide, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ilethwa ezizindeni zezimayini ngenjongo - amathangi e-ISO akhelwe kahle afanele ukuthuthwa komgwaqo noma ngesitimela.

Isetshenziswa Kanjani I-Sodium Cyanide Emayini Yegolide

Inqubo yokusebenzisa i-sodium cyanide ukukhipha igolide ensimbi yaziwa ngokuthi I-Cyanide Leaching noma i-cyanidation. Nasi isifinyezo sesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokuthi le nqubo isebenza kanjani:

1. Ukulungiselela Ore: Okokuqala, insimbi enegolide igaywa ibe yimpushana ecolekileyo kusetshenziswa imishini yezimboni. Lokhu kwandisa indawo engaphezulu ye-ore, okuvumela ukuthintana kangcono nesisombululo se-sodium cyanide.

2. Ukuhamba: I-ore echotshoziwe ibe seyengezwa kusixazululo esiqashwe ngokucophelela se-sodium cyanide. Phakathi nale nqubo, ama-molecule egolide akha izibopho eziqinile kakhulu ne-sodium cyanide, abe amanzi - ancibilika. Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kungamelwa yi-equation: 4 Au + 8 NaCN+O₂ + 2 H₂O = 4 Na(Au(CN)₂)+4 NaOH. Kuloku kusabela, igolide lihlangana ne-sodium cyanide, umoya-mpilo, kanye namanzi ukwenza igolide elincibilikayo - i-cyanide complex, i-sodium aurocyanide (Na(Au(CN)₂)).

3. Ukwahlukana: Ngemva kokuba igolide selincibilikisiwe esixazululweni, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukulihlukanisa nensimbi esele kanye nokunye ukungcola. Enye indlela evamile iwukusebenzisa i-zinc ukukhipha igolide esixazululweni. I-Zinc ihlangana negolide - i-cyanide complex, isusa igolide futhi yakhe i-zinc - cyanide complex, ngaleyo ndlela iphendule igolide libuyele esimweni esiqinile. Enye indlela ukusebenzisa ikhabhoni ecushiwe ukuze kukhangiswe inkimbinkimbi yegolide - cyanide esixazululweni. Ikhabhoni egcwele igolide iphinde icutshungulwe ukuze kubuyiselwe igolide.

Izinzuzo Zokusebenzisa I-Sodium Cyanide Emayini Yegolide

1. Izindleko - Ukusebenza kahle: I-sodium cyanide ingabizi kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela ze Ukukhishwa Kwegolide. Lokhu kwenza kube inketho ekhangayo ezinkampanini zezimayini, ikakhulukazi uma zisebenza ngezinga elikhulu noma insimbi yezinga eliphansi.

2. Ukusebenza Okuphezulu: I-Cyanide leaching ingafinyelela amazinga aphezulu okukhipha igolide, ngokuvamile adlula ama-90% ezimweni eziningi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi igolide eliningi lingatholwa etsheni, okwandisa inzuzo yokusebenza kwezimayini.

3. solubility: I-sodium cyanide inokuncibilika okuhle emanzini, okuyivumela ukuthi isakazeke ngokushesha futhi isabele ngegolide ku-ore, okusiza ukusheshisa inqubo yokukhipha.

Ukucatshangelwa kokuphepha kanye nemvelo

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-sodium cyanide iyikhemikhali enobuthi kakhulu. Nokho, imboni yezimayini inezimiso zokuphepha eziqinile ezikhona ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphathwa ngokuphephile kwe-sodium cyanide. Eqinisweni, eNyakatho Melika nase-Australia, akukaze kube khona ukufa okuhlobene ne-cyanide phakathi kwabasebenzi basezimayini eminyakeni engaphezu kweyi-100. Lapho bephethe i-sodium cyanide, izisebenzi kudingeka zigqoke izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele, njengezifihla-buso ukuze zivikeleke othulini oluphuma emoyeni noma ezisibeni ezinenani elincane le-cyanide.

Ngokombono wemvelo, okukhathaza kakhulu ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi i-cyanide ingene emanzini angaphezulu. Izinhlanzi zizwela kakhulu ku-cyanide kunabantu, futhi ukusetshenziswa okungafanele kwe-cyanide kungaba nomthelela omubi kuma-ecosystem omdabu. Ukunciphisa le ngozi, izinkampani zezimayini zisebenzisa izindlela ezehlukene zokuphatha nokwelapha i-cyanide - equkethe izixazululo. Isibonelo, bangasebenzisa - izitshalo zokwelapha endaweni ukuze bakhiphe ubuthi be-cyanide ngaphambi kokukhipha noma imaphi amanzi. Ukwengeza, izimayini eziningi zinezinhlelo zokuvimbela ukukhishwa ngephutha kwe-cyanide - equkethe izixazululo.

Isiphetho

I-sodium cyanide ibilokhu, futhi isaqhubeka nokuba, ikhemikhali ebalulekile embonini yezimayini zegolide. Ikhono layo lokukhipha igolide elicwengekileyo ngenani eliphansi uma kuqhathaniswa liyenze yaba yingxenye ebalulekile yemisebenzi yesimanje yokumba igolide. Nakuba ukuphepha kanye nokukhathazeka kwemvelo kuhlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwayo, imboni yezimayini yenze inqubekelaphambili ebonakalayo ekuthuthukiseni izinqubo zokuphatha ngokuphepha kanye namasu asebenzayo okuphatha imvelo. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuvela, kuzothakazelisa ukubona ukuthi izindlela ezintsha zokukhishwa kwegolide ziyavela yini, kodwa okwamanje, i-sodium cyanide isalokhu ingumdlali obalulekile emzamweni wokuvula inani legolide ensimbi.