Ukuqapha Nokulawulwa Kwe-Sodium Cyanide Concentration in Gold Production

Isingeniso

In the Ukukhiqizwa kwegolide imboni, i Inqubo ye-cyanidation isetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhipheni igolide ematsheni. Isodium i-cyanide idlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo njengoba yakha inkimbinkimbi encibilikayo enegolide, okuvumela ukuhlukana kwayo ne-ore matrix. Nokho, lokuhlushwa I-sodium cyanide esixazululweni se-leaching kuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha igolide, kanye nezici zemvelo nokuphepha. Ukuqapha okunembayo nokulawulwa kwe I-Sodium Cyanide ukugxila kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni inqubo yokukhiqiza igolide.

Ukubaluleka Kwe-Sodium Cyanide Concentration Emkhiqizweni Wegolide

Umthelela Ekukhishweni Kwegolide Ngempumelelo

Ukuhlushwa okufanele kwe i-sodium cyanide iqinisekisa ukuthi ukusabela phakathi kwegolide ne-sodium cyanide lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo kuqhubeka kahle. Uma ukugxila kuphansi kakhulu, izinga lokuncibilika kwegolide lizohamba kancane, okuholela ekukhishweni okungaphelele kanye namazinga aphansi okuthola igolide. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukugcwala ngokweqile kwe-sodium cyanide kungaholela ekusetshenzisweni okungadingekile kwama-reagents, ukwanda kwezindleko, kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona zemvelo. Ngokuvamile, ukugcwala okuphelele kwe-sodium cyanide esixazululweni se-leaching kunqunywa ngocwaningo lokuhlola nokwenza ukukhiqiza, ngokuvamile phakathi kwebanga lika-0.03% - 0.15% ezimweni eziningi.

Ukucatshangelwa Kwemvelo Nokuphepha

I-sodium cyanide iyinto enobuthi kakhulu. Enqubweni yokukhiqiza igolide, noma yikuphi ukuvuza noma ukulahlwa okungafanele kwezixazululo eziqukethe i-sodium cyanide kungabangela ukungcoliswa kwemvelo okukhulu futhi kubeke engozini impilo nokuphepha kwabasebenzi nomphakathi. Ukulawula okunembile kokugxiliswa kwayo kusiza ukunciphisa inani le-cyanide esetshenzisiwe, kunciphisa ingcuphe yokuvuza kanye nomthwalo wokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile okulandelayo. Isibonelo, ekuphathweni kwe-tailings yezimayini zegolide, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukugxila kwe-cyanide ku-tailings kuncishiswa ezingeni eliphephile ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokwelashwa ezifanele. E-China, izinga lidinga ukuthi ukugxiliswa kwe-cyanide kumasisila kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-0.2 mg/L.

Izindlela Zokuqapha Ze-Sodium Cyanide Concentration

Izindlela Zendabuko Zokuhlaziya Amakhemikhali

Indlela yeSilver Nitrate Titration

Lena indlela evame ukusetshenziswa ezimayini zegolide. Isimiso siwukuthi ama-ion esiliva ahlangana nama-cyanide ions akhe inkimbinkimbi ye-cyanide esiliva. Ngokubeka isixazululo sesampula ngesisombululo esijwayelekile se-nitrate yesiliva nokusebenzisa inkomba, indawo yokugcina yokusabela inganqunywa, bese kubalwa ukugcwala kwama-ion cyanide esixazululweni. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela idinga ukusampula endaweni, kulandelwe isampula yokwelashwa okusekelwe elabhorethri kanye ne-titration. Inqubo idla isikhathi, futhi kunesikhathi phakathi kokusampula nokuthola imiphumela, okungenzeka ingakwazi ukunikeza isiqondiso sesikhathi sangempela senqubo yokukhiqiza.

Indlela ye-Colorimetric

Indlela ye-colorimetric isebenzisa ukusabela kwama-ion e-cyanide ngama-reagents athile ukukhiqiza umkhiqizo onemibala. Ukuqina kombala kuhambisana nokugcwala kwama-ion e-cyanide. Isibonelo, iphepha lokuhlola lokuhlushwa kwe-cyanide elakhiwe yi-Beijing Jinsuokun lisekelwe kulo mgomo. Iphepha lokuhlola liqukethe inkomba yesici esabelana namayoni e-cyanide ekamelweni lokushisa ukuze kushintshe umbala. Ngokuqhathanisa umbala wephepha lokuhlola ngemva kokucwiliswa esixazululweni sesampula ngombala ojwayelekile - ikhadi lokuqhathanisa, ukugcwala kwama-ion cyanide esixazululweni kunganqunywa ngokushesha. Le ndlela inezinzuzo zevolumu encane, ukuphatheka kalula, izindleko eziphansi, nokuhlola okusheshayo. Ilungele ukuqapha ukugcwala kwe-cyanide ezixazululweni ze-leaching, izixazululo ze-tailings, nezinye izixazululo ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza imayini yegolide njengokucwiliswa kwenqwaba, ukucwiliswa kwethangi, kanye ne-ore - cyanidation. Ibanga elisebenzayo lephepha lokuhlola livamise ukuba ngu-0.01% - 1.0%, elingahlangabezana nezidingo zezimo eziningi zokukhiqiza igolide.

Modern Instrument - based Monitoring Technologies

Ama-Analyzer Azenzakalelayo

Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, abahlaziyi abazenzakalelayo bokuthola ukugcwala kwe-sodium cyanide sebevele. Laba bahlaziyi bangathola amasampula azenzakalelayo, ukuhlaziya, kanye nokuphuma kwemiphumela. Isibonelo, abanye abahlaziyi basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuhlaziya umjovo wokugeleza, obungakwazi ukujova amasampula nama-reagents ngokuqhubekayo ohlelweni lokugeleza, benze ukusabela nokutholwa epayipini, futhi bathole ngokushesha amanani okugxilisa anembile. Abahlaziyi abazenzakalelayo bazenzakalela kakhulu futhi banembile, behlisa izinga labasebenzi futhi bahlinzeka ngedatha yesikhathi sangempela yenqubo yokukhiqiza, ehambisana nokulungiswa okufika ngesikhathi kwemingcele yokukhiqiza.

Izindlela ze-Spectroscopic

Izindlela ze-Spectroscopic ezifana ne-ultraviolet - i-spectroscopy ebonakalayo ne-ion - i-electrode spectroscopy ekhethiwe ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuqapha ukugxila kwe-sodium cyanide. I-Ultraviolet - i-spectroscopy ebonakalayo ikala ukumunca kwesixazululo sesampula kubude obuthile begagasi. Njengoba i-cyanide - equkethe ama-complexes anezimpawu eziphakeme zokumunca endaweni ebonakalayo ye-ultraviolet, ukugcwala kwe-cyanide kunganqunywa ngokusungula ijika lokulinganisa. I-ion - i-electrode spectroscopy ekhethiwe isebenzisa i-ion - i-electrode ekhethiwe eqondene nama-ion e-cyanide. Uma i-electrode icwiliswa esixazululweni sesampula, umehluko ongaba khona ukhiqizwa ngenxa yempendulo ekhethiwe ye-electrode kuma-ion e-cyanide, futhi ukugxila kwama-ion e-cyanide kungabalwa ngokufanele. Lezi zindlela ze-spectroscopic ziyashesha, zinembile, futhi zingasetshenziselwa ukuqapha ku-inthanethi enqubweni yokukhiqiza.

Amasu okulawula okugxilwa kwe-Sodium Cyanide

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwenqubo Ye-Leaching

Ukulungiswa Kwesistimu Ye-Leaching

Enqubweni ye-leaching, izici ezifana nenani le-pH lesixazululo, izinga lokushisa, nezinga lokungenisa umoya nakho kuthinta ukusabela phakathi kwe-sodium cyanide negolide. Isibonelo, ukugcina inani le-pH yesisombululo se-leaching ebangeni lika-10 - 11 kungaqinisekisa ukuzinza kwama-ion e-cyanide, kuvimbele ukubola kwe-cyanide ibe igesi enobuthi ye-hydrogen cyanide, kuphinde kukhuthaze ukuncibilika kwegolide. Izinga lokushisa lesixazululo se-leaching ngokuvamile linomthelela kuzinga lokusabela. Nakuba ukwandisa izinga lokushisa kungasheshisa ukusabela, futhi kwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide futhi kungase kubangele okunye ukusabela ohlangothini. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukunquma izinga lokushisa elifanele ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo. Ukwengeza, i-aeration eyanele inganikeza umoya-mpilo odingekayo ekuphenduleni, kodwa ukungenisa umoya ngokweqile kungase kuholele ekufakweni kwe-oxidation yezinye izinto esixazululweni futhi kuthinte umphumela we-leaching. Ngokwenza ngokugcwele lezi zici ohlelweni lwe-leaching, ukugcwala kwe-sodium cyanide kungalawulwa ngempumelelo ngaphakathi kwebanga elifanele.

Ukulawula Isikhathi Sokuvuza

Isikhathi se-leaching sihlobene eduze nokuhlushwa kwe-sodium cyanide. Esigabeni sokuqala se-leaching, ukugcwala kwe-sodium cyanide kuphezulu kakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinga lokuphendula ngokushesha. Njengoba inqubo ye-leaching iqhubeka, ukugcwala kwe-sodium cyanide kuncipha kancane kancane. Ngokulawula ngokunembile isikhathi sokuvuza, kungenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igolide lincibilika ngokugcwele ngenkathi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa okungadingekile kwe-sodium cyanide. Ukunqunywa kwesikhathi sokuvuza kudinga ukucabangela izici ezifana nemvelo ye-ore, usayizi wezinhlayiyana ze-ore, kanye nokuhlangana kokuqala kwe-sodium cyanide. Isibonelo, kuma-ores anegolide eliphezulu kanye nezindawo ezinhle ze-cyanide - leaching, isikhathi esifushane sokukhipha singase sanele; kuyilapho kuma-ores ayinkimbinkimbi, kungase kudingeke isikhathi eside sokuhlanza.

I-Real - Time Monitoring and Feedback Control

Ukusungulwa Kwesistimu Yokuqapha

Ukuze uzuze ukulawulwa okunembile kokuhlushwa kwe-sodium cyanide, kuyadingeka ukusungula uhlelo oluphelele lokuqapha. Lolu hlelo kufanele lufake amathuluzi okuqapha akulayini okugxilwa kwe-sodium cyanide, kanye nezinzwa zeminye imingcele efanelekile njengevelu ye-pH, izinga lokushisa, nezinga lokugeleza kwesisombululo. Idatha eqoqwe yilawa madivaysi okuqapha idluliselwa ngesikhathi sangempela ohlelweni lokulawula olumaphakathi. Uhlelo lokulawula olumaphakathi lungahlaziya futhi lucubungule le datha, futhi ngokusho kwemodeli yokulawula esethiwe, khiqiza imiyalelo yokulawula ukulungisa inani elingeziwe le-sodium cyanide neminye imingcele yokusebenza.

Indlela Yokulawula Impendulo

Ngokusekelwe kudatha evela ohlelweni lokuqapha, indlela yokulawula impendulo iyasungulwa. Uma ukuhlushwa okugadwayo kwe-sodium cyanide kuchezuka enanini elimisiwe, isistimu yokulawula izolungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo inani elingeziwe le-sodium cyanide. Isibonelo, uma ukugxila kungaphansi kwenani elibekiwe, uhlelo lokulawula luzokwandisa inani le-sodium cyanide eyengeziwe; uma ukugxila kuphezulu kakhulu, inani elingeziwe lizoncishiswa. Le ndlela yokulawula impendulo ingaqinisekisa ukuthi ukugcwala kwe-sodium cyanide esixazululweni se-leaching kuhlala kugcinwa ngaphakathi kwebanga elifanele, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza nokusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokukhiqiza igolide.

Isiphetho

Emkhiqizweni wegolide, ukuqapha nokulawula ukugxiliswa kwe-sodium cyanide kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha igolide, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwemvelo, kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza. Ngokusetshenziswa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezindlela zokuqapha, okuhlanganisa izindlela zendabuko zokuhlaziya amakhemikhali kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuqapha obusekelwe ensimbini yesimanje, kanye nokuqaliswa kwamasu okulawula aphumelelayo afana nokuthuthukisa inqubo yokufundisa nokusungula uhlelo lokuqapha lwesikhathi sangempela nokulawula impendulo, kungenzeka ukuzuza ukulawula okunembile kokuhlushwa kwe-sodium cyanide. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, kuzovela izindlela ezithuthuke kakhulu zokuqapha nezindlela zokulawula, ziqhubeke nokugqugquzela intuthuko esimeme yemboni yokukhiqiza igolide.