I-Mercury (Hg) Ukukhiqiza, Imithombo & Uhlolojikelele Lwemboni | United Chemical

Isingeniso

I-Mercury (Hg) iyinsimbi esindayo ebalulekile ngokomlando kodwa eyingozi kakhulu. Izakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele - uketshezi ekamelweni lokushisa, amandla aphezulu kagesi kanye nekhono lokuhlanganisa i-alloying - kwaholela ekusetshenzisweni okubanzi kwezimboni esikhathini esidlule. Ukwanda kokuqwashisa ngezingozi zemvelo kanye nempilo ehambisana nazo i-mercury kuye kwaholela ezenzweni zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana neMinamata Convention ukukhawulela noma ukuqeda abaningi IMERCURY sebenzisa kanye nokukhuthaza ukugaywa kabusha nokulawula ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.

Lesi sihloko sezindaba senkampani ngo United Chemical inikeza isifinyezo esicacile, sobuchwepheshe Mercury imithombo nezindlela zokuthola kabusha, izici zekhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokuqhathaniswa ngomthombo, uchungechunge lwamanani embonini, izindawo zokulawula nezohwebo, kanye nezincomo ezisebenzayo zokuthobelana nezinkampani kanye nokulawulwa kobungozi.

Inothi lokuphepha: I-Mercury nezinhlanganisela zayo ziyi-neurotoxic futhi ziyaphikelela emvelweni. Noma yikuphi ukuphatha, ukutholwa, ukuthuthwa noma ukusetshenziswa kufanele kulandele imithetho kazwelonke, izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nemithethonqubo yempahla eyingozi. 

1. Yini i-mercury? (Kafushane)

I-Elemental mercury (Hg) iyinsimbi ewuketshezi eminyene ezimeni ezizungezile futhi ingahwamuka futhi ihlakazeke endaweni ezungezile. I-Mercury ivela ngezindlela eziningana:

• I-Elemental mercury (Hg⁰) - insimbi, eguquguqukayo;

• Inorganic mercury usawoti - isb, i-mercuric chloride (HgCl₂);

• I-Organic mercury - njenge-methylmercury, enqwabelana ngamaketanga okudla futhi ibe sengozini enkulu yezempilo.

I-Mercury ekhishelwe emoyeni nasemanzini ingaguqulwa futhi inqwabelene, ibangele imithelela yesikhathi eside yemvelo kanye nempilo yabantu.

2. Imithombo eyinhloko nezigaba zokuthola kabusha (ukubuka konke kwezinga eliphezulu)

Ukunikezwa kwe-mercury emhlabeni jikelele kutholakala ikakhulukazi izimayini eziyinhloko (cinnabar/HgS) futhi imifudlana egaywe kabusha (imikhiqizo evela ezimbonini kanye nodoti oqoqiwe). Izigaba zomthombo ezibalulekile yilezi:

1. Izimayini eziyisisekelo nokuncibilikisa (i-cinnabar)

• Uhlolojikelele: Isivuno se-cinnabar yomlando (HgS) kanye nokuncibilikisa i-mercury eyisisekelo ngokufudumeza nokujiya. Izikhungo zesimanje ezithobelayo zingakhiqiza i-high-purity mercury kulandela ukwelashwa okwanele.

• Ukukhathazeka: Ukuncibilikiswa kwezinga elincane okungalawuleki kubangela ukungcoliswa okukhulu nobungozi bezempilo; amazwe amaningi anciphisa noma avimbele imisebenzi enjalo.

2. Ukubuyiselwa komkhiqizo ovela embonini kanye nokugaywa kabusha okulawulwayo

• Uhlolojikelele: I-Mercury iya ngokuya itholakala emifudlaneni yemfucuza eqoqiwe—amalambu e-fluorescent, amaswishi nama-relay, izinsiza zezokwelapha, izinto zikagesi kanye nemfucumfucu yelebhu—bese icwengwa ezindaweni ezilawulwayo.

• Advantage: Ukugaywa kabusha kunciphisa umthwalo wendawo futhi kuthuthukisa ukulandeleka nokuthobela imithetho.

3. Ukumbiwa kwegolide kwezobuciko kanye nezizinda ezincane (ASGM)

• Uhlolojikelele: Ezifundeni ezithile i-ASGM isebenzisa i-mercury ukwenza ama-amalgam ukuze kutholakale igolide. 

• Policy: Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ASGM kwe-mercury kuyisihluthulelo esihlosiwe sokunciphisa ngaphansi kwe-Minamata Convention kanye nezinhlelo zikazwelonke ezikhuthaza ezinye izindlela.

4. Ukudilizwa kwamasheya nemishini engokomlando

• Uhlolojikelele: Ukunqanyulwa kwemishini emidala kanye nokulahlwa kwemikhiqizo yefa nakho kuveza i-mercury etholakalayo, kodwa ikhwalithi kanye namaphrofayili okungcola ayahluka kakhulu futhi adinga ukucutshungulwa ngokucophelela.

3. Ukuqhathaniswa kwekhwalithi yomthombo/yomkhiqizo namamethrikhi angukhiye

Amathimba okuthenga nokuthobela imithetho kufanele abeke phambili amamethrikhi alandelayo kokuthi Izitifiketi Zokuhlaziya (COA):

• Okuqukethwe kwe-Hg / ukuhlanzeka okuyisisekelo (%);

• Izinsalela ze-Organic mercury (methylmercury).;

• Ukuguquguquka kanye nemingcele yokuphepha ehlobene nomhwamuko;

• Ukungcola okungaphili (As, Pb, S compounds, particulates);

• Umswakama kanye nokungcola kwemishini;

• Ifomu nokupakishwa (i-elemental liquid Hg, usawoti, ama-alloys; imininingwane ye-container).

Ukuqhathaniswa kwezinga eliphezulu ngomthombo:

• Izimayini eziyinhloko (izitshalo ezithobelanayo): Ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu okufinyelelekayo uma ukukhishwa nokuphathwa kwemfucuza kulawulwa; ukuthobela imithetho kubalulekile.

• Ukugaywa kabusha okulawulwayo: Ngokucwengisiswa kwesimanje, i-mercury egaywe kabusha ingahlangabezana nokucaciswa kokuhlanzeka okuphezulu futhi ikhethwa ngenxa yezizathu zemvelo.

• Imithombo yomlando/echithayo: Ikhwalithi eguquguqukayo; ngokuvamile kudinga ukuhlanzwa okwengeziwe.

• Imithombo ye-ASGM: Kungcoliswe kakhulu futhi akwamukelekile kumaketango okunikezwayo asemthethweni.

4. Uchungechunge lwenani lemboni (enhla nomfula — phakathi nomfula — phansi komfula)

I-Upstream — imithombo nemishini

• Imithombo: insimbi ye-cinnabar, imfucuza yezimboni (izibani, amaswishi, izisetshenziswa zezokwelapha), amasheya omlando.

• Izisetshenziswa namasevisi: amasistimu avaliwe wokufingqa/okuthwebula, amayunithi okukhangisa/okumunca, okokusebenza kokucwenga, amalebhu okuhlola aqinisekisiwe, ukupakishwa kwempahla eyingozi kanye nokuhlelwa.

I-Midstream — ukucwengwa, ukuhlola nokuhweba

• Imisebenzi: ukuncibilikisa/ukucwengisiswa, ukuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri (i-COA/MSDS), ukupakisha nokulebula, ukuthobela imithetho yokuthekelisa kanye nokuhlelwa kwempahla.

• Izici ezibalulekile: izimvume, ukulawula ukungcola, ukuphathwa kwezempilo emsebenzini kanye nokuthotshelwa kwezokuthutha.

I-downstream - izinhlelo zokusebenza namathrendi okushintsha

• Izicelo: i-niche high-precision instruments, ama-catalyst athile amakhemikhali, ucwaningo; ngokomlando ekukhanyeni nasekushintsheni (manje osekushintshiwe kakhulu).

• Trend: ukwamukelwa ngokushesha kobuchwepheshe obungenawo i-mercury (ama-LED, amaswishi e-solid-state, ama-catalysts ahlukile) kanye nesigaba sokuphuma esiqhutshwa ngokomthetho ekusetshenzisweni okuningi.

5. Isimo sokulawula nokuhweba (ukubuka konke)

• Minamata Convention: uhlaka lomthetho olubalulekile lwamazwe ngamazwe oludinga izinyathelo zokunciphisa futhi ekugcineni kuqedwe ukukhishwa kwe-mercury, ukukhuthaza ukugaywa kabusha nokuphatha izitoko.

• Ukuthambekela kwemakethe: isidingo esihlayo se-mercury eyisisekelo ngokuthembela okwandayo emithonjeni egaywe kabusha, ethobelanayo; ukuhweba nge-mercury okungekho emthethweni kanye ne-ASGM engakahleleki kusalokhu kuyizinto eziseqhulwini.

• Isexwayiso sohwebo: okuthunyelwa ngaphandle kufanele kuhlangabezane nezimfuneko zezwe okuyiwa kulo, imithetho yokuthutha impahla eyingozi (IATA/IMDG), kanye nokulandeleka komsuka.

6. Izingozi zemboni, izinto ezibalulekile zokuhambisana nezincomo

1. Compliance: gcina ukuqondana okuphelele neNgqungquthela yase-Minamata nemithetho yendawo—ukulandelelwa okubhaliwe kwemithombo ye-mercury nezindawo.

2. Nyusa ukugaywa kabusha: ukutshala imali ekuqoqweni okulawulwayo nasekucwengisweni kwengqalasizinda ukuze kuhlinzekwe nge-mercury ethobelayo egaywe kabusha.

3. Vikela impilo nendawo: ukuphoqelela ukuqapha komsebenzi, ukuvimbela ukuvuza, impendulo ephuthumayo kanye nokuzibandakanya komphakathi.

4. Ukusekela esikhundleni: sebenzisana namakhasimende ukuze basebenzise ubuchwepheshe obungenayo i-mercury futhi banikeze ukwesekwa kokuyeka ukusebenza/ukuthola impahla.

5. Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi nokulandeleka: hlinzeka nge-COA/MSDS ngokuthunyelwa ngakunye futhi uqinisekise ukulandeleka kweqoqo.

6. Ukudluliswa kwengozi: sebenzisa umshwalense wesibopho sezemvelo ofanelekile kanye nomshwalense wezokuthutha.

Isiphetho - United Chemicalukuzibophezela

United Chemical uzibophezele ekuhlanganyeleni okunomthwalo wemfanelo, okuthobelayo kanye nokukhathalela imvelo ngezinto eziphathelene ne-mercury. Okuhamba phambili kwethu kuhlanganisa:

• ukubeka phambili ukugaywa kabusha okulawulwayo kanye nokunciphisa ukuthembela ekukhishweni okuyinhloko;

• ukugcina ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile, imibhalo kanye nokulandeleka;

• ukuhlinzeka amakhasimende ngezincwadi zokuthobela imithetho, iseluleko sezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuqeqeshwa kokuphatha ngokuphepha;

• ukusebenzisana ukuze kuthuthukiswe ezinye izindlela nokunciphisa ubungozi be-mercury ezimbonini ezisezansi nomfula.