Iqhaza Le-Ammonium Sulfate Ekucubunguleni Amaminerali

Isingeniso

Ukucutshungulwa kwamaminerali kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekukhishweni kwezimbiwa ezibalulekile ezitsheni. Phakathi kwamasu ahlukahlukene asetshenziswayo, Ukuqothula ingenye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Kule nqubo, I-ammonium sulfate idlala indima ebalulekile, enomthelela ekuhlukaniseni ngempumelelo kanye nokubuyiselwa kwamaminerali. Lesi sihloko sizohlola imisebenzi eminingi ye-ammonium sulfate ku Ukucutshungulwa kwamaminerali, ihlolisisa izindlela zayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo.

Izakhiwo ze-Ammonium sulfate

I-Ammonium sulfate iyi-crystalline solid solid. Incibilika kalula emanzini, okuyisici esiyinhloko sokusetshenziswa kwayo ekucutshungulweni kwamaminerali. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, i-compound inesakhiwo samakhemikhali esizinzile. Kodwa lapho yethulwa endaweni yokucubungula amaminerali, ingabamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali okuhlukahlukene.

Imisebenzi ku-Flotation

Njengomgqugquzeli Wokuqoqwa

Enqubweni yokuntanta, abaqoqi yizinto ezinamathela ngokukhetha ngaphezulu kwamaminerali aqondiwe, okuwenza abe yi-hydrophobic futhi awenze akwazi ukuhlukaniswa ukuntanta kwamagwebu. I-Ammonium sulfate ingathuthukisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwabaqoqi namaminerali. Isibonelo, ekuntanteni kwamaminerali athile e-sulfide, i-ammonium sulfate ingasabela ne-mineral surface, iguqule izakhiwo zayo zamakhemikhali. Lokhu kuguqulwa kukhuthaza ukukhangiswa kwabaqoqi, njenge-xanthates, endaweni yamaminerali. Ama-ion angaphakathi kwe-ammonium sulfate angasebenzisana nama-ion ensimbi endaweni yamaminerali, akhe ama-complexes noma aguqule ukushaja okungaphezulu. Lolu shintsho ezindaweni ezingaphezulu kwandisa ukuhlobana phakathi komqoqi kanye namaminerali, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukaniswa kwamaminerali.

Njengesilungisi se-pH

Inani le-pH le-pulp ye-flotation iyisici esibucayi esithinta ukuziphatha kokuntanta kwamaminerali. I-Ammonium sulfate ingasebenza njengesilungisi se-pH kwezinye izimo. Lapho incibilika emanzini, i-ammonium sulfate idlula enqubweni yamakhemikhali ekhipha ama-ion e-hydrogen, enza i-pulp ibe ne-asidi kancane. Ekuntanteni kwamanye amaminerali, njengamaminerali athile e-oxide, ibanga elithile le-pH liyadingeka ukuze kuntante kahle. Ngokulungisa i-pH nge-ammonium sulfate, izakhiwo ezingaphezulu zamaminerali zingashintshwa. Isibonelo, ekuntanteni kwamanye amaminerali e-copper oxide, indawo ene-asidi edalwe i-ammonium sulfate ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kwendawo yamaminerali, iyenze yamukele isenzo sabaqoqi futhi ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukululama kokuntanta.

Njenge-Depressant Suppressant

Ezinhlelweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-ore lapho amaminerali amaningi ekhona, ama-depressants asetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ngokukhetha ukuntanta kwamaminerali angafuneki. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezidakamizwa kungaholela ekucindezelweni kwamaminerali okuhlosiwe futhi. I-Ammonium sulfate ingadlala indima ekulweni nomphumela wokucindezeleka ngokweqile. Isibonelo, ekuntanteni kwe-lead - ores ye-zinc, uma inani eliningi le-depressant lengezwa ukuvimbela amaminerali e-zinc, kungase kube nomthelela omubi ekuntanteni kwamaminerali okuhola. I-Ammonium sulfate ingasebenzisana ne-depressant ngokweqile noma imikhiqizo yayo yokusabela ku-pulp. Kungaphazamisa ukwakheka kwamafilimu angavimbeli phezu kwamaminerali aqondiwe noma kunciphise ukumenyezelwa kwezidakamizwa kumaminerali aqondiwe, ngaleyo ndlela kubuyisele ukuntanta kwamaminerali aqondiwe.

Ku-Oxide Mineral Flotation

1. Amaminerali e-Copper oxide: Amaminerali e-Copper oxide ngokuvamile anzima kakhulu ukuntanta uma kuqhathaniswa namaminerali e-sulfide yethusi. I-Ammonium sulfate ingasetshenziswa ekuntanteni amaminerali e-copper oxide ngezindlela eziningi. Okokuqala, ingasetshenziswa ngokuhambisana ne-agent ye-sulfiding, njenge-sodium sulfide. I-Ammonium sulfate isiza enqubweni ye-sulfidation ngokukhuthaza ukusabela phakathi kwe-agent ye-sulfiding kanye ne-copper oxide mineral surface. Yandisa ukuncibilika kwamanye ama-ion ensimbi endaweni yezimbiwa, yenza kube lula ukwakheka kongqimba lwe-sulfide olusebenzayo. Le sulfide - embozwe ngaphezulu ibanjwa kalula ngabaqoqi njengama-xanthate. Okwesibili, i-ammonium sulfate ingenza kusebenze indawo yamaminerali e-copper oxide. Ama-ion angaphakathi kwe-ammonium sulfate angasebenzisana nengaphezulu lamaminerali e-copper oxide, aguqule ukushaja okungaphezulu futhi athuthukise ukukhanga kwabaqoqi. Isibonelo, ku-flotation ye-malachite, enye yamaminerali e-copper oxide evamile, ukungezwa kwe-ammonium sulfate kuboniswe ukuthuthukisa ukubuyiswa kwe-flotation ngokuphawulekayo.

2. I-Lead oxide Minerals: Ngokufanayo namaminerali e-copper oxide, amaminerali e-lead oxide nawo adinga ukwelashwa okuqondile ukuze kuntante kahle. I-Ammonium sulfate ingasetshenziswa ukwenza ngcono ukuntanta kwamaminerali e-lead oxide. Enqubweni ye-pre-sulfidation yamaminerali e-lead oxide, i-ammonium sulfate ingathuthukisa umphumela we-sulfidation. Kuyasiza ekwakhekeni kwefilimu ye-sulfide efanayo futhi esebenzayo endaweni yamaminerali. Ukwengeza, i-ammonium sulfate ingalungisa i-pulp chemistry ngendlela ekhuthaza ukukhangiswa kwabaqoqi endaweni ye-lead oxide mineral surface. Ngokwandisa inani le-ammonium sulfate engeziwe, ukukhetha kanye nokubuyiselwa kwamaminerali e-lead oxide ohlelweni lokuntanta kungathuthukiswa.

I-Sulfide Mineral Flotation

1. I-Pyrite Flotation: I-Pyrite iyimaminerali e-sulfide evamile. Kwezinye izimo, ngesikhathi sokuntanta kwamaminerali abalulekile e-sulfide, i-pyrite ingase futhi intante kanye nabo, okunganciphisa izinga lokugxila kokugcina. I-Ammonium sulfate ingasetshenziswa ukucindezela i-pyrite ngokukhetha. Uma ingezwe ku-pulp ye-flotation, i-ammonium sulfate ingaxhumana nobuso be-pyrite. Ingenza ungqimba endaweni ye-pyrite evimbela ukukhangiswa kwabaqoqi ku-pyrite, kuyilapho ingaphazamisi kakhulu ukuntanta kwamaminerali abalulekile e-sulfide. Lokhu kucindezeleka okukhethiwe kwe-pyrite kusiza ekutholeni ukugxila kwebanga eliphezulu lamaminerali adingekayo.

2. I-Copper - I-Zinc Sulfide Ore Flotation: Ekuntanteni kwe-copper - zinc sulfide ores, ukuhlukanisa amaminerali ethusi ne-zinc kuwumsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi. I-Ammonium sulfate ingasetshenziswa ukulungisa indlela yokuntanta kwala mamineral. Isibonelo, ingasetshenziswa ukwenza kusebenze amaminerali ethusi ngenkathi icindezela amaminerali e-zinc ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Ngokulawula ngokucophelela umthamo we-ammonium sulfate namanye ama-reagents e-flotation, kanye ne-pulp pH, kungenzeka ukufeza ukuhlukaniswa okungcono kwamaminerali ethusi ne-zinc, ukuthuthukisa ukubuyiswa kanye nebanga kokubili ithusi ne-zinc concentrates.

Case Studies

1. Imayini Yethusi eNingizimu Melika: Esikalini esikhulu semayini yethusi eNingizimu Melika, insimbi ibiqukethe inani elibalulekile lamaminerali e-copper oxide. Inqubo yendabuko yokuntanta yayinezilinganiso eziphansi zokululama uma kuqhathaniswa. Ngemuva kokwethula i-ammonium sulfate enqubweni yokuntanta, ukubuyiswa kwethusi kukhuphuke ngo-10 - 15%. Abasebenzi bezimayini balungisa umthamo we-ammonium sulfate ngokuya ngezici zensimbi. Ngokuthuthukisa inhlanganisela ye-ammonium sulfate namanye ama-reagents afana ne-sodium sulfide nabaqoqi, bakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle okuphelele kwenqubo yokuntanta, okuholela ekukhiqizeni kwethusi okuphezulu kanye nezinzuzo zezomnotho ezikhulayo.

2. I-Lead - Imayini yeZinc e-Australia: Emayini ye-zinc lead yase-Australia, insimbi yayiyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukuhlukaniswa kwamaminerali omthofu nezinc kwakuyinselele. Inqubo yokuqala yokuntanta ibhekane nezinkinga ezifana nokutholwa komthofu omncane kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-zinc ekugxilweni komthofu. Ngemva kokwenza ucwaningo olunzulu, imayini yethula i-ammonium sulfate endaweni eyi-flotation. Ngokusebenzisa i-ammonium sulfate ukuze kuliwe nomphumela ocindezelayo owedlulele wamanye ama-reagents kumaminerali omthofu kanye nokulungisa i-pulp chemistry, bakwazi ukukhulisa ukutholakala komthofu ngo-8 - 12% futhi banciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-zinc ekugxilweni komthofu ngo-5 - 8%. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kwe-flotation kuholele ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwenzuzo yemayini.

Isiphetho

I-Ammonium sulfate idlala indima ebalulekile futhi eguquguqukayo ekucutshungulweni kwamaminerali, ikakhulukazi ohlelweni lokuntanta. Imisebenzi yayo njenge-a Umgqugquzeli womqoqi, isilungisi se-pH, kanye nesinciphisi esicindezelayo kunomthelela ekwahlukaneni okuphumelelayo nasekubuyiseni amaminerali ahlukahlukene. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ku-flotation yamaminerali e-oxide noma amaminerali e-sulfide, i-ammonium sulfate ingalungiswa ukuze ivumelane nezici ezithile zensimbi kanye nezidingo zenqubo yokuntanta. Ngocwaningo oluyisibonelo, kuyabonakala ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele kwe-ammonium sulfate kungaholela ekuthuthukisweni okuphawulekayo ekusebenzeni kahle kokucubungula izimbiwa, amazinga okubuyisela, kanye namamaki agxilile, ekugcineni kulethe izinzuzo zezomnotho embonini yezimayini. Njengoba imboni yezimayini iqhubeka nokufuna izindlela ezisebenza kahle neziqhubekayo zokucubungula izimbiwa, i-ammonium sulfate cishe izodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu esikhathini esizayo.