Ukubaluleka Kokuphathwa Kwempahla Yamakhemikhali Ekukhiqizeni: Imikhuba Engcono Kakhulu Yezimboni

Izinkampani Zamakhemikhali: Izinhlobo Nokugxila Kubasebenzisi Bamakhemikhali

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinkampani ezihlobene namakhemikhali, ikakhulukazi izinkampani ezikhiqizayo, izinkampani zokuthutha, izinkampani zabasebenzisi, nezinkampani ezilahla udoti. Ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwesikhala, lesi sihloko sizogxila ezinkampanini ezisebenzisa amakhemikhali, ikakhulukazi izimboni zokukhiqiza.

Amakhemikhali Ezimbonini Zokukhiqiza

Kuyaziwa ukuthi amakhemikhali adlala indima ebalulekile enqubweni yokukhiqiza. Ezingxoxweni zethu ezedlule, sikhulume ngezindaba ezithile ezithinta ukuphathwa kwamakhemikhali. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngesinye isihloko esibalulekile ekuphathweni kwamakhemikhali: Chemical Inventory Lists.

Ukuqonda Amakhemikhali Asetshenziswa Futhi Agcinwe Embonini

Ukusungula uhlelo olusebenzayo lokulawula amakhemikhali, isinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile ukuqonda amakhemikhali asetshenziswa futhi agcinwe efekthri. Kodwa ungawaqonda kanjani ngokushesha nangokuhlelekile lawa makhemikhali? Kufana nokuqonda abasebenzi befekthri noma ukwazi inani labantu basedolobheni—udinga "i-roster" noma "irejista." Ngokufanayo, ekuphathweni kwamakhemikhali, awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwe-a Uhlu Lwempahla Yamakhemikhali.

01 - Ukubaluleka Kohlu Lwempahla Yamakhemikhali

Ukubaluleka kwe-a Uhlu lwamakhemikhali uhlu lujulile futhi lufinyelela kude. Ngamafuphi, isiza ifekthri ukuthi ibone wonke amakhemikhali asetshenziswayo kanye nezakhiwo zawo, iqinisekise ukuthi ifekthri ithobela imithetho nezimfuneko zamakhasimende. Iphinde iqinisekise ukuqaliswa kwezinyathelo zokulawula ezifanele ukuze kuvikelwe abasebenzi kanye nemvelo, iqinisekise ukuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali kusukela kungqimba lokuqala lokuphatha.

Uhlu lwamakhemikhali lusiza ifekthri ukuthi ilandele umkhondo wayo isitokwe samakhemikhalis, ukusiza ezinqumweni zokuthengwa kwempahla, ukwandisa ukubonakala nokulandeleka, kanye nokugqugquzela ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ngendlela efanele. Ngokusebenzisa amakhemikhali asebenzayo ukuphathwa kwempahla, izinkampani zingathuthukisa ukwakheka kwazo, zehlise isitoko esingadingekile noma esiphelelwe yisikhathi, futhi zinciphise izindleko zokusungula.

Nakuba izinhlu zamakhemikhali zibalulekile, empeleni, izimboni eziningi aziwaqondi ngokugcwele noma aziwasebenzisi ngokugcwele. Amanye amaqembu abaphathi athatha indlela encane, ecabanga ukuthi “inqobo nje uma kunohlu, luhle ngokwanele.” Phakathi nokuhlolwa kwefekthri, sivamise ukuhlangana nohlu lwe-inventory yamakhemikhali olungaphelele, ngezinye izikhathi lufaka ohlwini lwamagama amakhemikhali kuphela (ngokuvamile amagama adalwa ifekthri ngokwayo), angafinyeleli kancane ngencazelo "yohlu."

02 - Izinkinga Ezivamile Ngohlu Lwezinto Zamakhemikhali

Ngokusekelwe kwizibalo ezigunyaziwe nolwazi lokucwaninga, kuyacaca ukuthi "Uhlu Lwezinto Zamakhemikhali" lungenye yezinkinga eziyishumi eziphezulu ekuphathweni kwamakhemikhali. Ezinye zezindaba ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa:

A) Ukuntuleka Kohlu Lwezinto Zamakhemikhali

Amafekthri amaningi angenalo uhlu lwamakhemikhali ayazi nje imfuneko noma awaqondi ukubaluleka kwayo. Lokhu kubonisa inkinga ebanzi ngokuphathwa kwamakhemikhali ngaphakathi kwefekthri. Kwezinye izimo, izimboni ziyayibona imfuneko kodwa ziyazabalaza ekudaleni uhlu ngenxa yokungaqondi inqubo noma izidingo, okuholela ekubambezelekeni noma ekuhlulekeni ekusunguleni uhlu.

B) Uhlu olungaphelele lwe-Chemical Inventory

Ukungapheleli kungabonakala ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, njengokungabandakanyi wonke amakhemikhali asetshenziswa efekthri. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngamakhemikhali asetshenziswa kancane, njengamafutha okulungisa izinto zokusebenza, izinto zokuhlanza, amakhemikhali okuhlanza amanzi angcolile, noma amakhemikhali asanda kuthengwa. Ukwengeza, ulwazi olubalulekile lungase lungekho, olufana nolwazi lwe-SDS (Ishidi Ledatha Yokuphepha), izinombolo ze-CAS, izigaba zezingozi, noma ukuthobela i-MRSL/RSL. Ngokuvamile, lezi zinkinga zenzeka ndawonye.

C) Ulwazi Olunganembile Ohlwini Lwezinto Zamakhemikhali

Enye inkinga evamile ulwazi olungalungile ohlwini, ngokuvamile ngenxa yamaphutha okokufaka noma ukwehluleka ukubuyekeza uhlu ngesikhathi. Isibonelo, i-MSDS kungenzeka ibuyekeziwe, kodwa uhlu alubuyekeziwe ukuze lubonise lolu shintsho. Ngokufanayo, izinguquko enanini lamakhemikhali agcinwayo, noma amakhemikhali aphelelwe yisikhathi, aziboniswa ohlwini, okuholela ekuphambeni.

03 - Izixazululo Zokuphatha Uhlu Lwezinto Zamakhemikhali

Ukuphatha amakhemikhali ngempumelelo nangokuphepha, uhlu lwamakhemikhali olugcinwe kahle lubalulekile. Ungalwakha kanjani uhlu lwamakhemikhali aphelele? Nawa amaphuzu abalulekile ambalwa:

Okokuqala:

Amafekthri kufanele asungule inqubo yokulawula amakhemikhali eqinile, echaza indlela yokudala nokubuyekeza uhlu lwamakhemikhali, futhi icacise okuqukethwe nefomethi yohlu.

Uhlu olujwayelekile kufanele luhlanganise nani? Amazinga amabili ajwayelekile okuphathwa kokusungulwa kwamakhemikhali yi-ZDHC ne-Higg FEM.

Izidingo ze-ZDHC
Uhlelo lokuphathwa kwamakhemikhali e-ZDHC lucacisa ukuthi Uhlu Lwempahla Yamakhemikhali (CIL) kufanele lufake lokhu okulandelayo:

• Igama lamakhemikhali

• Indawo ye-SDS

• Inombolo ye-CAS

• Imininingwane yengozi

• Ukuhambisana ne-ZDHC MRSL

• Inani lesitoko, inani lokulethwa, noma inani lokusetshenziswa

• Indawo yokugcina

Izidingo ze-Higg FEM
Izinga le-Higg FEM lidinga isethi yolwazi ebanzi nakakhulu yohlu lwempahla yamakhemikhali, okuhlanganisa kodwa kungagcini nje:

• Igama lekhemikhali nohlobo

• Igama nohlobo lomhlinzeki/umthengisi

• Igama lomkhiqizi/lefomula

• I-SDS ihambisana neGlobal Harmonized System (GHS)

• Umsebenzi

• Ukuhlukaniswa kwezingozi

• Indawo/indawo esetshenziswayo

• Izimo zesitoreji nendawo

• Inani lamakhemikhali asetshenzisiwe

• Inombolo ye-CAS

• Inombolo yeqoqo (uma ikhona)

• Ukuhambisana ne-MRSL

• Idethi yokuthenga

• Idethi yokuphelelwa yisikhathi (uma ikhona)

Okuningi kwalolu lwazi kungatholakala ku-SDS, njengegama lamakhemikhali, uhlobo, ukuhlukaniswa kwezingozi, izimo zokugcina, kanye nenombolo ye-CAS. Ulwazi olufana namanani okusetshenziswa, izinombolo zeqoqo, izinsuku zokuthenga, nezinsuku zokuphelelwa yisikhathi zingatholwa kumarekhodi okuthenga, amalebula amakhemikhali, njll. Izimboni zingase futhi zifake olunye ulwazi olubalulekile njengoba kudingeka.

Okwesibili:

Amafekthri kufanele aqoke umuntu ofanelekayo ozonakekela futhi aphathe uhlu lwamakhemikhali, aqinisekise ukubuyekezwa okufika ngesikhathi ngemva kokuthenga, ukugcinwa, noma ukusetshenziswa.

Umuntu oqokiwe kufanele abe nolwazi oluyisisekelo lwamakhemikhali kanye namakhono okuphatha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenza ngokugcwele noma okwesikhashana. Lobu buchwepheshe bungazuzwa ngemfundo noma ngokuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo.

Kufanele lubuyekezwe kangaki uhlu lwe-inventory yamakhemikhali? I-ZDHC iphakamisa ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zolwazi kufanele zilandelelwe kumafrikhwensi ahlukene. Isibonelo, ukuhlolwa kwempahla kufanele kwenziwe minyaka yonke, kuyilapho ulwazi lokulethwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kufanele lubuyekezwe nyanga zonke. Ezimbonini ezinamavolumu aphezulu okusetshenziswa noma izinhlobo, ukubuyekezwa okuvame kakhulu (isb, masonto onke noma nsuku zonke) kungase kusetshenziswe.

Ku-Higg FEM, uhlu lwe-inventory luyadingeka ukuze lube "lwamanje futhi lunembile," okusho izibuyekezo zesikhathi sangempela.

Okokugcina:

Uhlu lwamakhemikhali kufanele luhlanganise wonke amakhemikhali agcinwe noma asetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwefekthri, okuhlanganisa nalawo okusebenza nawokugcina.

Lokhu kuhlanganisa wonke amakhemikhali asetshenziswa enqubweni yokukhiqiza, amakhemikhali okugcina amathuluzi/izinto zokusebenza, namakhemikhali asetshenziswa ezindaweni zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile, izinto zokuhlanza, izinto zokunamathisela, opende, odayi, izingulube, izithasiselo, njll.

Ingabe manje usunokuqonda okucacile "kohlu lwamakhemikhali" futhi uzwa sengathi lulula kakhulu?

Uma unemibuzo, ungashiya umlayezo ngezansi kwalesi sihloko noma usithinte.