Kahle kahle ukusetshenziswa kwama-reagents e-flotation: thuthukisa ukunemba kokutholwa kokwakheka kwamaminerali

Emasimini ka Ukucutshungulwa kwamaminerali kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-geological, ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwe Ama-reagents e-Flotation kubalulekile ekutholeni ngokunembile ukwakheka kwamaminerali. I-Flotation iyinqubo ye-physicochemical esetshenziswa kabanzi yokuhlukanisa amaminerali kanye nokunothisa, kuncike ekwehlukeni kwezakhiwo ze-physicochemical zezindawo zamaminerali. Ngokungeza ama-reagents, i-hydrophilicity noma i-hydrophobicity yendawo yamaminerali ingalungiswa, okuvumela ukuhlukaniswa kwamaminerali okuhlosiwe kusuka ku-gange.

Lesi sihloko sizokwethula uchungechunge lwamathiphu okusebenza awusizo ukusiza ochwepheshe baselabhorethri nonjiniyela bezimayini bathuthukise inqubo yokuntanta, bathuthukise ukunemba nokuphindaphindwa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa.

Okokuqala, ake siqale ngezinhlobo eziyisisekelo zama-reagents e-flotation—Abaqoqi, Obhuti, Futhi Izinguquko. I-reagent ngayinye idlala indima eyingqayizivele enqubweni ye-flotation. Abaqoqi bathuthukisa i-hydrophobicity yamaminerali, bakhuthaze ukunamathela kwabo kumabhamuza omoya; ama-frothers asiza ukuzinzisa ungqimba lwegwebu, okuvumela amaminerali acebile ukuba ahlukaniswe kalula ne-slurry; ama-modifiers asetshenziselwa ukulungisa i-pH noma amandla e-ionic odaka, okudala izimo ezifanele zokuntanta kwamaminerali.

Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe, izinhlobo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-reagents e-flotation nakho kuyakhula. Ukukhetha okulungile nokusetshenziswa kwalawa ma-reagents akukwazi nje ukuthuthukisa Ukubuyiselwa kwamaminerali rates namabanga kodwa futhi ilethe izinzuzo ezibalulekile mayelana nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokulawulwa kwezindleko.

Ungawasebenzisa Kanjani Ama-Flotation Reagents Kahle?

Izinhlobo zama-reagents

Izinhlobo zama-reagents asetshenziswa ezitshalweni ezintantayo zincike ezintweni ezifana nezakhiwo ze-ore, ukugeleza kwenqubo, kanye nenani lemikhiqizo yamaminerali efiselekayo. Ngokuvamile, zinqunywa ngokuhlolwa kwe-ore selectivity noma ukuhlolwa kwe-semi-industrial.

Ama-reagents angahlukaniswa ngobubanzi abe yizinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe emisebenzini yawo:

1. Frothers: Ama-surfactants emvelo asabalalisa esixhumi esibonakalayo somoya wamanzi. Zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ungqimba lwamagwebu olungantanta amaminerali. Ama-frothers ajwayelekile afaka amafutha kaphayini, i-cresylic acid, nama-alcohols.

2. Abaqoqi: Umsebenzi wabo uwukuthwebula amaminerali aqondiwe, ukuguqula i-hydrophobicity yezindawo zamaminerali ukuze kuvunyelwe izinhlayiya zamaminerali ezintantayo ukuthi zibambelele kumabhamuza omoya. Ngokusekelwe kumvelo yabo, abaqoqi bangahlukaniswa ngabaqoqi abangewona ama-polar, abaqoqi be-anionic, nabaqoqi be-cationic. Abaqoqi abavame ukusetshenziswa bahlanganisa imithi emnyama, imithi ephuzi, imithi emhlophe, ama-fatty acids, ama-amine anamafutha, namafutha amaminerali.

3. Izilungisi: Ama-modifiers afaka ama-activator nama-inhibitors, ashintsha izici zezindawo zamaminerali, abe nomthelela ekuhlanganyeleni phakathi kwamaminerali nabaqoqi. Izilungisi futhi zihlanganisa ama-ejenti asetshenziselwa ukuguqula izici zekhemikhali noma ze-electrochemical ze-aqueous medium, njengezilungisi ze-pH kanye nesimo sabaqoqi. Izinhlobo zokulungisa zihlanganisa:

• Izilungisi ze-pH: I-lime, i-sodium carbonate, i-sulfuric acid, i-sulfur dioxide.

• Iziqalisi: I-Copper sulfate, i-sodium sulfide.

• Inhibitors: Umcako, usawoti wegazi ophuzi, i-sodium sulfide, isulfur dioxide, i-sodium cyanide, i-zinc sulfate, i-potassium dichromate, ingilazi yamanzi, i-tannin, ama-colloids ancibilikayo, isitashi, ama-polymers okwenziwa, njll.

• Abanye: Ama-ejenti wokumanzisa, ama-flotation agents, ama-solubilizer, njll.

Isilinganiso se-reagent

Umthamo wama-reagents ngesikhathi sokuntanta kufanele ucace; amanani anganele noma eqile angathinta izinkomba zokucubungula amaminerali. Ukusebenzisa ngokweqile kungase kwenyuse izindleko zokucubungula.

Ubudlelwano Phakathi Kwesilinganiso Sereagent Nezinkomba Zokuntanta:

• Umthamo onganele womqoqi kungaholela ekungeneni kwe-hydrophobicity yamaminerali, ukunciphisa amazinga okubuyisela. Ngokuphambene, amanani eqile angehlisa ikhwalithi ye-concentrate futhi enze kube nzima ukuntanta kokuhlukanisa.

• Umthamo onganele we-frother kungaholela ekuzinzeni kwegwebu eliphansi, kuyilapho amanani amaningi engase abangele "ukuchichima" izenzakalo.

• Umthamo omncane kakhulu we-activator kungaholela ekusebenziseni kabi, kuyilapho okuningi kungase kuphazamise ukukhetha kwenqubo ye-flotation.

• Umthamo we-inhibitor onganele lingehlisa izinga lokugxilisa ingqondo, kuyilapho amanani eqile angase acindezele amaminerali okufanele antante, ehlise izinga lokululama.

Ukulungiselela Reagent

Ama-reagents aqinile ahlanjululwa abe uketshezi ukuze kube lula ukwengeza. Ama-reagents angancibiliki emanzini njengomuthi ophuzi, umuthi omnyama we-amine, ingilazi yamanzi, i-sodium carbonate, i-copper sulfate, ne-sodium sulfide kufanele ilungiswe njengezixazululo ezinamanzi ezinokugxila kusuka ku-2% kuya ku-10%. Ama-reagents angancibiliki emanzini adinga ukuncibilika ku-solvent ngaphambi kokulungiswa njengesixazululo samanzi sokwengezwa, njengabanye abaqoqi be-amine abangafakwa ngokuqondile, njengamafutha we-No. 2, No. 31 umuthi omnyama, ne-oleic acid. Kuma-reagents ancibilika kakhulu adinga amanani abalulekile, ukugxila kokulungiselela kuvame ukusuka ku-10% kuya ku-20%, njenge-sodium sulfide, elungiswa ku-15% ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Kuma-reagents angancibiliki kahle, izinyibilikisi zemvelo zingasetshenziswa ukuze ziwancibilikise ngaphambi kokuwalungiselela njengezixazululo zokugxila kancane.

Ukukhetha kwe Ukulungiswa kwe-reagent indlela ngokuyinhloko incike kuzakhiwo zama-reagents, indlela yokwengeza, kanye nemisebenzi yazo. I-reagent efanayo ingaba nomehluko omkhulu kumthamo kanye nemiphumela ngenxa yezindlela ezihlukene zokulungiselela. Ngokuvamile, izindlela zokulungiselela ezivamile zihlanganisa:

1. Ukulungiselela isixazululo esinamanzi esingu-2% kuya ku-10%: Ama-reagents amaningi ancibilikayo emanzini alungiswa ngale ndlela (isb, umuthi ophuzi, i-copper sulfate, ingilazi yamanzi).

2. Ukuncibilika ku-solvent: Amanye ama-reagents angancibiliki emanzini angancibilika kuma-solvents akhethekile. Isibonelo, umuthi omhlophe awuncibiliki emanzini kodwa ungancibilika ku-10% kuya ku-20% we-aniline solution, futhi kufanele usetshenziswe ngemva kokulungisa ingxube ye-aniline. Ngokufanayo, umuthi omnyama we-aniline awuncibiliki emanzini kodwa ungancibilika kusisombululo se-alkaline ye-sodium hydroxide, ngakho-ke isixazululo se-alkaline sodium hydroxide kufanele silungiswe kuqala ngaphambi kokwengeza i-reagent ukuze udale isisombululo somuthi omnyama we-aniline wokuntanta.

3. Ukulungiselela njenge-suspension noma i-emulsion: Kwamanye ama-reagents aqinile angancibiliki kahle, angalungiswa njengama-emulsion ukuze asetshenziswe. Isibonelo, umcako unokuncibilika okuphansi kakhulu emanzini, ngakho-ke ungagaywa kahle ube yimpushana bese uxutshwa namanzi ukuze wenze ubisi olunobisi (isb., ubisi lwe-lime), noma ungongeza ngokuqondile ngesimo sempushane esomile emshinini webhola noma ithangi elinyakazayo.

4. I-Saponification: Kwabaqoqi be-fatty acid, i-saponification iyindlela evame kakhulu. Isibonelo, lapho ukhetha i-hematite, insipho ye-saponified kapharafini namafutha e-tar isetshenziswa njengomqoqi. Ukuze u-saponify uwoyela we-tar, cishe u-10% we-sodium carbonate kufanele wengezwe lapho ulungiselela i-reagent, futhi ushise ukuze udale isisombululo sensipho eshisayo yokwengeza.

5. Ukuqinisa amandla: I-Emulsification ingafinyelelwa kusetshenziswa i-ultrasonic emulsification noma i-mechanical stirring. Ngemuva kwe-emulsification, ama-fatty acids kanye ne-diesel angathuthukisa ukuhlakazeka kwawo ku-slurry, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwama-reagents. Ukwengeza amanye ama-emulsifying ejenti kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle.

6. I-Acidification: Uma usebenzisa iziqoqi ze-cationic, ngenxa yokungancibiliki kahle kwazo, kufanele ziphathwe nge-hydrochloric acid noma i-acetic acid ngaphambi kokuthi zincibilike emanzini ukuze zintante.

7. Indlela ye-aerosol: Lena indlela entsha yokulungiselela ethuthukisa isenzo sama-reagents. Kubandakanya ukusebenzisa isisetshenziswa esikhethekile sokufafaza ukuze kufakwe umoya ama-reagents endaweni yomoya ngaphambi kokuwangeza ngokuqondile ethangini le-flotation, yingakho ebizwa nangokuthi "indlela ye-aerosol flotation." Le ndlela ayigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukuntanta kwamaminerali awusizo kodwa futhi kunciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwe-reagent. Isibonelo, umthamo wabaqoqi ungaba ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ukuya kokukodwa kokune yenani elijwayelekile, kuyilapho umthamo ophindwe kabili ungaba ingxenye eyodwa kwezinhlanu kuphela.

8. Ukwelashwa kwe-Electrochemical yama-reagents: I-Direct current idluliswa kusixazululo sokwelapha ngamakhemikhali ama-reagents e-flotation, angashintsha isimo se-reagent, inani le-pH, namandla e-redox, ngaleyo ndlela akhulise ukugxila kwezingxenye ze-reagent ezisebenza kakhulu, kukhuphule ukugxila okubalulekile kokwenza ama-colloid, futhi kuthuthukise ukuhlakazwa kwama-reagents angancibiliki kahle emanzini.

Ngokuvamile, abaqoqi kanye nama-frothers bayashukunyiswa imizuzu engu-1-2, kuyilapho amanye ama-reagents, njenge-potassium dichromate esetshenziselwa ukucindezela umthofu ekuhlukaniseni komthofu wethusi, angadinga ukugqugquzelwa isikhathi eside.

Indawo Yokwengeza I-Reagent

Ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwama-reagents e-flotation, umkhuba ojwayelekile ukwengeza ama-ejenti alungisayo, ama-inhibitors, kanye nabaqoqi abathile (isb., uphalafini) kumshini wokugaya ukuze kudaleke indawo efanelekile yokuntanta ngokushesha okukhulu. Abaqoqi kanye nama-frother ngokuvamile anezelwa ethangini lokuqala elinyakazayo lenqubo yokuntanta. Uma kukhona amathangi amabili ashukumisayo, i-activator kufanele yengezwe ethangini lokuqala, kuyilapho umqoqi kanye ne-frother kufanele kwengezwe ku-tank yesibili. Amaphuzu okungeza ayahlukahluka ngokusekelwe emisebenzini yama-reagents emshinini we-flotation. Ngokwesibonelo, i-copper sulfate, umuthi ophuzi, namafutha kaphayini ngokuvamile anezelwa ngokulandelana okulandelayo: i-copper sulfate yengezwa phakathi nethangi lokuqala elinyakazayo, umuthi ophuzi phakathi nendawo yethangi lesibili, namafutha kaphayini endaweni yokuphuma ithangi lesibili elinyakazayo. Ngokuvamile, izitshalo ezintantayo kuqala zengeza izilungisi ze-pH ukuze zilethe udaka ku-pH efanele ngaphambi kokuvumela umqoqi kanye ne-inhibitor ukuthi isebenze ngokuphumelelayo. Lapho ungeza ama-reagents, kubalulekile ukuqaphela udaba lwama-ion athile ayingozi abangela ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-reagent. Isibonelo, ama-ion ethusi asabela nge-hydride ions angaholela ekungasebenzi kahle kwama-hydrides. Ekuhlukaniseni i-copper-sulfur, uma kunama-ion amaningi ethusi ethangini elinyakazayo, i-cyanide akufanele ifakwe ethangini elinyakazayo kodwa kufanele yengezwe ngokuqondile ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kwenqubo yokuntanta.

I-Reagent Addition Order

Ukuhleleka okujwayelekile kokwengezwa kwe-reagent ezitshalweni ezintantayo kungokulandelayo: ekuntanteni kwensimbi eluhlaza, kufanele kube izilungisi ze-pH, ama-inhibitors noma ama-activator, ama-frother, nabaqoqi; kumaminerali avinjiwe ngesikhathi sokuntanta, i-oda liyi-activators, abaqoqi, kanye nama-frothers.

Izindlela Zokwengeza I-Reagent

Ngokuvamile kunezindlela ezimbili zokwengeza ama-reagents: ukuhlanganisa okumaphakathi kanye nokwengeza okuhlakaziwe. Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokwengeza kufanele kucabangele zombili izinhlobo ze-reagent kanye nezenzo zama-reagents.

1. Ukwengezwa Okumaphakathi: Ama-reagents amaningi anezelwa phakathi nendawo; isibonelo, abaqoqi, ama-activators, kanye nama-inhibitors engezwa emathangi ashukumisayo.

2. Ukwengezwa Okuhlakazekile: Amanye ama-reagents angangezwa ngqo ethangini le-flotation, elivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-reagents aguquguqukayo noma azwelayo kwamanye ama-reagents. Isibonelo, uma ama-reagents e-flotation edala imiphumela elimazayo kwenye (isb, umthelela omubi we-sodium sulfide eyeqile ekuntanteni okucushiwe), ama-reagents angengezwa ngokuqondile emshinini wokuntanta.

Isiphetho

Ngokukhetha okulungile, ukulungiswa, umthamo, kanye nokwengezwa kwama-reagents e-flotation, ukucubungula amaminerali kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-geological kungenziwa ngcono, kuthuthukise ukunemba nokusebenza kahle kokuhlolwa nokuhlaziya. Lawa macebiso okusebenza ahlose ukusiza ochwepheshe baselabhorethri kanye nonjiniyela bezimayini ekusebenziseni kangcono ama-reagents e-flotation, okuholela ekusebenzeni okuthuthukisiwe kanye nemiphumela ethembeke kakhudlwana.