Izindlela Nezinqubo Zokukhipha I-Cyanide Kumayini Amaminerali E-Sulfide

Isingeniso

Ezinqubweni zokuzuza nokuncibilikisa ama -ore ensimbi angenayo i-ferrous, i-Cyanide ivame ukusetshenziswa ukwandisa amazinga okubuyisa insimbi. Kodwa-ke, i- cyanide ehlala ebusweni bama-ore e-sulfide ayigcini nje ngokuba nomthelela omubi ekugelezeni kwenqubo okulandelayo kodwa futhi ibangela izinkinga ezinkulu zemvelo. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlela ezisebenzayo nezinobungani nemvelo zokususa i-cyanide ebusweni bama-ore e-sulfide kubaluleke kakhulu.

Isimo Samanje Nezingozi Zezinsalela Ze-Cyanide Ezindaweni Zamaminerali Ze-Sulfide

Isimo Samanje

Enqubweni yendabuko ye-flotation ye-sulfide ores, i-cyanide isetshenziswa kakhulu njengesivimbeli. Ingakwazi ukuvimbela ngokukhetha amaminerali athile angafuneki ku-sulfide ores, ngaleyo ndlela izuze ukuhlukaniswa kwamaminerali aqondiwe kumaminerali e-ganggue. Kodwa ngemva kokuntanta, inani elikhulu le-cyanide lizokhangiswa ebusweni be-sulfide ores. Ngokocwaningo olufanele, kwamanye ama-concentrator, okuqukethwe kwe-cyanide ebusweni be-sulfide ore kugxila ngemva kokuntanta kungase kube phezulu njengamamiligremu angamakhulu amaningana ngekhilogremu.

Izingozi

Ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe, i-cyanide esele izophazamisa inqubo yokuncibilika elandelayo. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokuncibilika kwe-copper sulfide ores, i-cyanide izokwakha ama-complexes ngethusi, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokuncibilika kwethusi nokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ngokombono wemvelo, i-cyanide iyinto enobuthi kakhulu. Lapho amanzi angcolile aqukethe i-cyanide ekhishelwa endaweni yemvelo, izongcolisa imizimba yamanzi nomhlabathi, ibeke engozini izinto eziphila emanzini nezimila eziwazungezile, futhi ibe yingozi empilweni yomuntu ngochungechunge lokudla.

Izindlela Zokukhipha I-Cyanide Kumayini Amaminerali E-Sulfide

Indlela ye-Oxidation

1.I-Chemical Oxidation Method

• Isimiso: Sebenzisa ama-oxidant aqinile ukuze uxube i-cyanide ibe izinto ezinobuthi obuncane noma ezingenabo ubuthi. Ama-oxidant avamile afaka i-hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), i-sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), njll. Uma sithatha i-hydrogen peroxide njengesibonelo, i-reaction equation yayo ithi: (2CN+5H2O2 = 2HCO3 + N2↑+4H2O).

• Inqubo Yokusebenza : Okokuqala, faka i-pulp ye-sulfide ore equkethe i-cyanide ethangini lokusabela bese ulungisa inani le-pH ye-pulp ibe yibanga elifanele (ngokuvamile, ukuze kufakwe i-hydrogen peroxide oxidation, inani le-pH kungcono libe phakathi kuka-9 - 11). Bese, engeza kancane kancane isisombululo se-hydrogen peroxide ngenkathi uvuselela ukuze i-oxidant ixhumane ngokugcwele futhi isabele ne-pulp. Isikhathi sokuphendula sivame ukusuka emahoreni angu-1 - 3, futhi isikhathi esithile sincike ekugxilweni kwe-cyanide ku-pulp kanye nezakhiwo ze-ore.

• Izinzuzo : Ijubane lokusabela lishesha kakhulu, futhi umphumela wokususwa kwe-cyanide muhle, okunganciphisa ukugcwala kwe-cyanide kube sezingeni eliphansi kakhulu.

• Okubi : Ama-oxidant afana ne-hydrogen peroxide ayabiza kakhulu, futhi ama-oxidants amaningi angaba nomthelela ezinqubweni zokuzuza noma zokuncibilikisa ezilandelayo.

Indlela ye-Adsorption

1.Indlela Ye-Carbon Adsorption Esebenzayo

• Isimiso : I-Activated Carbon inendawo enkulu ethile kanye nezakhiwo ezicebile ze-pore, ezingamunca i-cyanide ebusweni bayo ngokumunca okungokwenyama namakhemikhali.

• Inqubo Yokusebenza : Faka i-Activated Carbon ku-pulp ye-sulfide ore equkethe i-cyanide bese uvuselela kahle ukuze i-activated carbon ixhumane ngokuphelele ne-cyanide ku-pulp. Isikhathi sokumuncwa ngokuvamile sisukela kumaminithi angu-30 kuya emahoreni ama-2. Ngemva kokumuncwa, hlukanisa i-activated carbon ku-pulp ngokuhlunga noma ngezinye izindlela.

• Izinzuzo : Lo msebenzi ulula, futhi unomphumela omuhle wokumuncwa kwe-cyanide enezinga eliphansi le-concentration. I-activated carbon ingavuselelwa futhi isetshenziswe kabusha.

• Okubi : Nge-cyanide equkethe inani elikhulu, amandla okumunca alinganiselwe, futhi ukuphathwa kabi kwekhabhoni evuselelwe emuncayo kuzobangela ukungcola kwesibili.

2.Ion - Exchange Resin Adsorption Method

• Isimiso : Ama-resin okushintshana kwe-ion aqukethe amaqembu athile asebenzayo angashintshana nama-ion aku-cyanide, ngaleyo ndlela abambe i-cyanide ku-resin.

• Inqubo Yokusebenza : Layisha i-ion - shintsha i-resin ibe yikholomu yokushintshanisa bese wenza i-pulp ye-sulfide ore equkethe i-cyanide idlule kwikholomu yokushintshanisa. Lawula izinga lokugeleza kwe-pulp ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-cyanide ishintshana ngokugcwele ne-resin. Uma i-resin igcwele ukumuncwa, sebenzisa i-eluent ethile ukuze ukhiphe futhi uvuselele i-resin.

• Izinzuzo : Inokukhetha okuphezulu kokumuncwa kwe-cyanide futhi ingafinyelela ukusebenza okuqhubekayo.

• Okubi : Izindleko ze-resin ziphezulu, inqubo yokuhlanza iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi uketshezi oluqukethe i-elution oluqukethe i-cyanide lungakhiqizwa.

Ezinye Izindlela

1.I-Acid - Indlela Yesisekelo Sokungathathi hlangothi

• Isimiso : Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, i-cyanide izobhekana nokusabela kwe-hydrolysis ezindaweni ezine-acid noma ze-alkaline ukuze ikhiqize izinto ezinobuthi obuncane noma ezingenabo ubuthi. Isibonelo, esimweni esine-acid, i-cyanide izosabela nama-ion e-hydrogen ukuze yakhe i-hydrocyanic acid (HCN), engasuswa ngokuguquguquka; esimweni se-alkaline, i-cyanide iyashintshashintsha ukuze yakhe i-cyanate nezinye izinto.

• Inqubo Yokusebenza : Uma kusetshenziswa i-acidic hydrolysis, engeza kancane kancane izixazululo ze-acidic ezifana ne-dilute sulfuric acid ku-pulp ye-sulfide ore equkethe i-cyanide, lungisa inani le-pH libe ngu-2 - 4. bese ufaka umoya ukuze uguqule i-hydrocyanic acid ekhiqizwe. Uma kusetshenziswa i-alkaline hydrolysis, engeza izinto ze-alkaline ezifana ne-sodium hydroxide, lungisa inani le-pH libe ngu-10 - 12. bese usabela isikhathi esithile (ngokuvamile amahora angu-2 - 4).

• Izinzuzo : Izindleko ziphansi kakhulu, futhi umsebenzi ulula kakhulu.

• Okubi : I-hydrocyanic acid ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi se-acidic hydrolysis inobuthi obukhulu futhi idinga izinyathelo eziqinile zokuvikela; ijubane lokusabela kwe-alkaline hydrolysis lihamba kancane, futhi kungase kube khona inani elincane le-cyanide residue ngemva kokwelashwa.

Idizayini Yokugeleza Kwenqubo Yokukhipha I-Cyanide Kuzindawo Zamaminerali e-Sulfidi

Isiteji Sokwelashwa

1. Ukulungiswa Kwe-Pulp : Lungisa ukuhlushwa kwe-pulp ye-sulfide ore ngemva kokuntanta. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlushwa kwe-pulp kulawulwa phakathi kuka-20% - 40% ukuze kutholakale ukwelashwa okulandelayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, thola ukuhlushwa kwe-cyanide kokuqala ku-pulp ukuze unikeze isisekelo sokunquma amapharamitha enqubo elandelayo.

2. Ukususwa Kokungcola : Susa ukungcola okukhulu kwezinhlayiya kanye nezinye izinto eziqinile ezilengayo ku-pulp ngokuhlunga, ukuthungwa, njll., ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthi kungaphazamisi izinqubo zokwelapha ezilandelayo.

Isiteji Sokususwa

1. Ukukhetha Indlela : Khetha indlela efanele yokususa ngokuya ngezici ezifana nokugcwala kwe-cyanide ku-pulp, izakhiwo ze-ore, izindleko zokwelashwa, kanye nezidingo zokuvikela imvelo. Isibonelo, kuma-cyanide anezinga eliphezulu kanye namacala lapho izindleko zingeyona inkinga, indlela ye-Oxidation yamakhemikhali inganikezwa kuqala; kuma-cyanide anezinga eliphansi kanye nezikhathi eziqaphelekayo zemvelo, indlela ye-oxidation yezinto eziphilayo noma indlela ye-adsorption ingase ifaneleke kakhulu.

2. Ukulawulwa Kwepharamitha Yenqubo : Uma uthatha i-hydrogen peroxide oxidation ngendlela ye-Chemical oxidation njengesibonelo, lawula ngokuqinile inani le-hydrogen peroxide eyengeziwe (ngokuvamile ebalwa ngokuya ngokuhlushwa kwe-cyanide kanye ne-reaction equation), izinga lokushisa lokusabela (ngokuvamile 20 - 30℃), inani le-pH (9 - 11), kanye nesivinini sokuxubha (ukujikeleza okungu-100 - 300 ngomzuzu) kanye neminye imingcele ukuqinisekisa ukusabela okuphumelelayo.

Isiteji sokwelashwa

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Okuqinile - Okuwuketshezi : Hlukanisa i-pulp ngemva kokususwa kwe-cyanide ngokuhlunga, i-centrifugation, njll. ukuze uthole ama-concentrates e-sulfide ore ahlanzekile kanye namanzi angcolile aqukethe inani elincane le-cyanide.

2. Ukwelashwa Kwamanzi Angcolile : Phatha amanzi angcolile ahlukanisiwe ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezindinganiso zokukhishwa kwendle zikazwelonke. Izindlela zesibili zokukhipha indle, ukumuncwa, nezinye zingasetshenziswa ukususa ngokujulile i-cyanide emanzini angcolile ukuqinisekisa ukukhishwa kwendle okuphephile.

Isiphetho

Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokususa i-cyanide ebusweni be-sulfide ores, futhi indlela ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi. Ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, kuyadingeka ukucubungulisisa izici ezifana nezakhiwo ze-ore, ukugxila kwe-cyanide, izindleko zokwelashwa, kanye nezidingo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo ukuze ukhethe izindlela ezifanele kanye nokugeleza kwenqubo. Ngezidingo eziqinile zokuvikela imvelo kanye nenqubekelaphambili eqhubekayo yobuchwepheshe, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusebenza kahle kakhulu, obunobungani bemvelo, nobezindleko eziphansi bokukhipha i-cyanide ebusweni be-sulfide ores kuzoba inkomba ebalulekile yocwaningo esikhathini esizayo. Ngokuqhubeka kwenqubo yokwenza kahle, kulindeleke ukuthi kuzuzwe ukungabikho kokukhipha i-cyanide ezinqubweni zokuzuza nokuncibilikisa insimbi ye-sulfide futhi ikhuthaze intuthuko esimeme yemboni yensimbi engasansimbi.