Ucwaningo nge-Inhibition Mechanism ye-Sodium Cyanide ku-Lead-Zinc Separation Flotation

1. Isingeniso

Emkhakheni wokucubungula amaminerali, ukuhlukaniswa kwamaminerali okuhola kanye ne-zinc kunokubaluleka okukhulu. I-Froth flotation iyindlela evame ukusetshenziswa yalokhu kuhlukaniswa, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezifanele kubalulekile ukuze kutholakale ukuhlukana okuphumelelayo. Isodium i-cyanide Sekuyisikhathi eside isetshenziswa kabanzi njengendlela yokucindezeleka in lead-zinc separation flotation. Ukuqonda indlela yayo yokuvimbela kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni inqubo yokuntanta, uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukanisa, nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-reagent. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukwenza ucwaningo oluhlelekile mayelana nendlela yokuvimbela I-sodium cyanide ku-flotation yokuhlukaniswa kwe-lead-zinc.

2. Iqhaza Lezidakamizwa Ekudaleni I-Flotation

Enqubweni ye-foam flotation, ama-depressants ama-reagents angavimbela noma anciphise i-adsorption noma isenzo sabaqoqi ebusweni bamaminerali angahlosiwe futhi enze ifilimu ye-hydrophilic kulezi zindawo zamaminerali. Ekuphaphazeni kokuhlukaniswa kwe-lead-zinc, inhloso eyinhloko ukuhlukanisa amaminerali omthofu (afana ne-galena) kumaminerali e-zinc (afana ne-sphalerite). Ngaphandle kwama-depressants asebenzayo, kuyinselele ukuzuza ukuhlukana okuhlanzekile ngoba kokubili amaminerali okuhola kanye ne-zinc angase abonise ukuziphatha okufanayo kokuntanta phambi kwabaqoqi.

3. I-Hydrolysis ye-Sodium Cyanide kanye Nobudlelwano Bayo ne-pH

I-sodium cyanide i-hydrolyzes emanzini, futhi imikhiqizo ye-hydrolysis ihlobene eduze nenani le-pH le-pulp. Ucwaningo lokuhlola lubonise ukuthi lapho i-pulp pH ingu-7.0. cishe zonke I-Sodium Cyanide i-hydrolyzes yakhe igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide. Lapho i-pulp pH ingu-12.0. i-sodium cyanide icishe ihlukane ngokuphelele ibe yi-cyanide ions. Lapho i-pulp pH ingu-9.3. isilinganiso se-hydrogen cyanide ne-cyanide ion singu-1:1. Lokhu kuziphatha kwe-hydrolysis encike ku-pH ye-sodium cyanide kuba nomthelela omkhulu emthelela wayo ovimbelayo kumaminerali.

4. Izindlela Zokuvimbela I-Sodium Cyanide ku-Sphalerite

4.1 Ukuhlakazwa Kwefilimu Ye-Copper Sulfide Esebenzayo Ku-Sphalerite Surface

Lapho i-sphalerite icushiwe nge-sulfate yethusi, ifilimu ye-copper sulfide yakha ebusweni bayo, okwandisa ukuntanta kwe-sphalerite. I-sodium cyanide ingancibilikisa le filimu ye-copper sulfide endaweni ye-sphalerite. Uma ifilimu ye-copper sulfide isincibilikisiwe, indawo yokuqala ye-sphalerite engakwazi ukuntanta kahle iyavezwa. Ngenxa yalokho, kuba nzima kakhulu kumqoqi ukukhangisa endaweni ye-sphalerite, evimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukuntanta kwe-sphalerite.

4.2 Ukwakhiwa Kwefilimu Ye-Hydrophilic Ku-Sphalerite Surface

I-cyanide ions ku-sodium cyanide ingashintshanisa-i-adsorb nama-anion afana ne-sulfate ion kanye nalawo avela kubaqoqi njengama-xanthates endaweni ye-sphalerite. Isibonelo, lapho isabela ngama-ion e-zinc endaweni ye-sphalerite, ingenza ifilimu ye-hydrophilic zinc cyanide. Le filimu ye-hydrophilic ivimbela ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-sphalerite surface kanye nomqoqi, ukunciphisa ukukhangiswa komqoqi endaweni ye-sphalerite, ngaleyo ndlela kufinyelele umgomo wokuvimbela ukugeleza kwe-sphalerite.

4.3 Ukuhlakazeka - Ubunzima be-Metal Xanthates

I-sodium cyanide inamandla aqinile okuncibilika futhi ayinkimbinkimbi nge-xanthate yensimbi, okuvame ukusetshenziswa abaqoqi ku-sulfide mineral flotation. Ngamaminerali ahlobene ne-zinc, i-xanthate-zinc complexes eyenziwe endaweni ye-sphalerite ingachithwa yi-sodium cyanide. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-sodium cyanide nama-ion ensimbi kuma-xanthates kwenza buthaka isibopho phakathi komqoqi nendawo yamaminerali, okwenza ama-xanthate ancibilike ebusweni be-sphalerite. Ngenxa yalokho, i-floatability ye-sphalerite ivinjelwe.

5. Ukukhethwa kweSodium Cyanide kuya kwezimbiwa ezahlukene

Ngokusekelwe ekhonweni le-sodium cyanide ukwakha izakhiwo ze-cyanide ezizinzile ezinezinsimbi ezahlukene, izinsimbi ezivamile namaminerali azo zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu:

1. Amaminerali okuhola, i-thallium, i-bismuth, i-antimony, i-arsenic, i-tin, i-rhodium: Lawa amaminerali awakwazi ukwakha izingxube ezizinzile ze-cyanide ne-sodium cyanide. Ngakho-ke, i-sodium cyanide ayinawo umthelela ovimbela kulawa mamineral. Endabeni yokuhlukanisa i-lead-zinc, lesi sakhiwo siqinisekisa ukuthi amaminerali omthofu awavinjwa i-sodium cyanide futhi angantanta kahle.

2. Amaminerali eplatinamu, IMERCURY, isiliva, i-cadmium, ithusi: Lawa mamineral angakha i-cyanide complexes ezinzile nge-sodium cyanide, kodwa isilinganiso esiphezulu se-sodium cyanide siyadingeka ukuze kuzuzwe ukuvinjelwa. Esimweni sokuhlukaniswa kwe-lead-zinc, uma kukhona ukungcola okuqukethe ithusi ku-ore, inani elikhulu le-sodium cyanide lingadingeka ukuze kuvinjwe amaminerali ahlobene nethusi futhi kuvimbele ukuphazamiseka kokuhlukaniswa komthofu ne-zinc.

3. Amaminerali e-zinc, nickel, igolide, insimbi: Lawa mamineral angakha ama-cyanide complexes azinze kakhulu nge-sodium cyanide. I-sodium cyanide inomphumela onamandla kakhulu wokuvimbela kulawa maminerali, futhi inani elincane le-sodium cyanide lingaholela ekuvimbeleni okuphawulekayo. Endabeni yokuhlukanisa i-lead-zinc, lesi sici senza ukuthi kuvinjwe ngempumelelo amaminerali anensimbi (njenge-pyrite) namaminerali ane-zinc, okuzuzisa ukuntanta okukhethiwe kwamaminerali omthofu.

6. Ukusebenza Okusebenzayo Nokucatshangelwa

Emisebenzini yangempela yokuhlukanisa i-lead-zinc flotation, ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kudinga ukwenziwa kahle ngokucophelela. Umthamo we-sodium cyanide kufanele ulungiswe ngokuya ngokwakheka okuthile kwe-ore, okuqukethwe komthofu namaminerali e-zinc, kanye nokuba khona kokunye ukungcola. Uma umthamo uphansi kakhulu, ukuvinjelwa kwamaminerali e-zinc kanye namaminerali ahlobene ne-ganggue kungase kunganele, okuholela ekugxilweni komthofu ongahlanzekile. Ngokuphambene, uma umthamo uphezulu kakhulu, awugcini nje ngokunyusa izindleko ze-reagent kodwa futhi ungabangela izinkinga zemvelo ngenxa yobuthi be-cyanide.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani le-pH le-pulp, elithinta i-hydrolysis ye-sodium cyanide, kufanele ilawulwe ngokuqinile. Ibanga le-pH elifanele lokugeleza kokuhlukaniswa komthofu kusetshenziswa i-sodium cyanide ngokuvamile licishe libe ngu-9 - 11. Kulolu hlu lwe-pH, i-sodium cyanide ingaba khona ngendlela evumela ukuvinjelwa kwamaminerali e-zinc kuyilapho kunciphisa ukulahleka kwamaminerali omthofu ngenxa yokuvinjelwa ngokweqile.

7. Isiphetho

I-sodium cyanide idlala indima ebalulekile ekuntanteni kokuhlukaniswa kwe-lead-zinc ngokusebenzisa izindlela eziningi zokuvimbela. Ngokuncibilikisa ifilimu ye-copper sulfide ecushiwe endaweni ye-sphalerite, yakhe ifilimu ye-hydrophilic endaweni ye-sphalerite, kanye ne-xanthate yensimbi encibilikayo, ivimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukuntanta kwamaminerali e-zinc. Ukukhethwa kwayo kumaminerali ahlukene kunikeza isisekelo sokuhlukaniswa kwamaminerali okuhola kanye ne-zinc. Kodwa-ke, ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, izici ezifana nokulawulwa komthamo kanye nokulungiswa kwe-pH ye-pulp kudingeka kucatshangelwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuzuzwe ukuhlukaniswa kwe-zinc eholayo esebenza kahle, eyongayo, futhi ehambisana nemvelo. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe kule ndawo lungagxila ekuthuthukiseni ezinye izindlela ezisebenza kahle nezivumelana nemvelo esikhundleni se-sodium cyanide ngenkathi kugcinwa noma ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukaniswa kwamaminerali e-lead-zinc.