Ucwaningo Lwendlela Yokubuyisela I-Copper ku-Cyanide Copper Plating Wastewater

1. Isingeniso

Ukusungula imodi yokufakelwa i-electroplating enobungani nemvelo nokonga izinsiza njengamanje kuyizihloko ezimbili ezinkulu zentuthuko esimeme yemboni yokufakelwa i-electroplating. Ngokwesimo sokuntuleka kwezinsiza zensimbi ezingenayo i-ferrous emhlabeni kanye nokwanda okuqhubekayo kwezindleko zezinto zensimbi zokufakelwa i-electroplating, ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe bokufakelwa i-electroplating obungayonga izinsiza kudonsele ukunaka okukhulu. Amabhizinisi aseShayina okufakelwa i-electroplating anomlando omfushane wentuthuko. Esigabeni sokuqala sentuthuko, kwakukhona ukushoda kwezimali kanye nobuchwepheshe obusemuva. Iningi lamafektri amancane okufakelwa i-electroplating awaqapheli ngokubuyiselwa kwezinto zensimbi emanzini angcolile okufakelwa i-electroplating, ingasaphathwa eyokucwaninga ngezindlela zokubuyisela. Ngokufakwa kwe -cyanide copper plating kanye ne-copper alloy electroplating water, ama-precipitate akhiwa yi-divalent copper ngemva kokuphuka kwe-cyanide ayizinhlayiya ezincane, okuholela ekuweni okunzima nokuhlukaniswa kanye nezindleko eziphezulu. Ngakho-ke, kuyaphuthuma ukufunda izinqubo ezintsha zokubuyisela.

2. Izimiso Zendlela

2.1 Ukwelashwa Kwe-Cyanide Copper Plating kanye Namanzi Angcolile E-Copper Alloy

Enkambisweni yendabuko yokuqhekeka kwe-cyanide kusetshenziswa i-sodium hypochlorite, i-pH yamanzi amdaka aqukethe i-cyanide idinga ukulungiswa ibe ngu-11 - 12. ngokuvamile ngokufaka i-sodium hydroxide. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqhekeka kwe-cyanide, i-cyanide iguqulwa ibe yi- Carbon dioxide ne-nitrogen, kanti ama-ion ethusi e-monovalent afakwa i-oxidized abe ama-ion ethusi e-divalent, abese enza izinhlayiya ezincane ze-carbonate yethusi eyisisekelo elenga emanzini amdaka. Ukuchitheka kwemvelo kuthatha isikhathi esingaphezu kosuku lonke futhi akukwazi ukufeza imvula ephelele. Inani elikhulu le-coagulant aid kanye ne-flocculant kuyadingeka ukuze kufezwe imvula ephelele kanye nokuhlukaniswa. Esikhathini esidlule, lapho ithusi lingatholakali, amanzi amdaka ngemva kokuqhekeka kwe-cyanide ayexutshwa emanzini amdaka aqukethe i-acid ephelele, ayephathwa ngendlela ye-lime. I-carbonate yethusi eyisisekelo yayifakwa emanzini amdaka ahlanganisiwe futhi ekugcineni yahlanzwa futhi yahlukaniswa.

Inqubo entsha yokuphulwa kwe-cyanide ukufaka umcako ukulungisa i-pH. I-carbon dioxide ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuphuka kwe-cyanide ihlangana ne-calcium oxide yakhe i-calcium carbonate. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-basic copper carbonate co-precipitates ne-calcium carbonate ukuze kwakheke izinhlayiyana ezinkulu.

2.2 Ukwelashwa Kwamanye Amanzi Angcolile Anethusi

Ama-ion e-copper ahlukanisiwe emanzini angcolile ane-acidic ecwebezelayo ahlangana nomcako ukwenza i-copper hydroxide, futhi i-sulfuric acid ihlangana nomcako ukwenza i-calcium sulfate namanzi. Emanzini angcolile e-pyrophosphate e-copper, ama-ion e-pyrophosphate radical kanye nethusi akhona ngendlela ye-complex. Lapho iphathwa nge-lime, i-pyrophosphate radical ihlangana ne-calcium oxide ukuze yakhe i-calcium pyrophosphate precipitate, futhi ama-ion ethusi ahlangana ne-calcium oxide enze i-copper hydroxide.

3. Inqubo Yokutakula

3.1 Ukwakheka Kwamanzi Angcolile Aqukethe Ithusi

Amanzi amdaka aqukethe ithusi ahlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana ezifana ne-cyanide copper plating, i-copper-zinc alloy, i-copper-tin alloy, i-acidic bright copper plating, kanye ne-copper pyrophosphate plating water. I-Cyanide copper plating, i-copper-zinc alloy, kanye ne-copper-tin water wastewater zigeleza zingene ethangini lokulungisa amanzi amdaka aqukethe i-cyanide, kuyilapho i-acidic bright copper plating kanye ne-copper pyrophosphate plating water zigeleza zingene ethangini lokulungisa amanzi amdaka aqukethe ithusi. Ama-Cyanide copper plating kanye ne-copper alloy wastewater aqukethe izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi njenge- Sodium cyanide , i-potassium sodium tartrate, kanye ne-ammonium thiocyanate, ezakha ama-complexes anama-ion ethusi. Amanzi amdaka aqukethe i-copper pyrophosphate complexes. Ama-Cyanide copper plating kanye ne-copper alloy wastewater aqukethe cishe u-90% wamanzi amdaka aqukethe ithusi, kuyilapho ama-acidic bright copper plating kanye ne-copper pyrophosphate plating water aqukethe cishe u-10%.

3.2 Inqubo Ye-Oxidation Yezingxube Zethusi

Ngaphambi kokuthola ithusi, kuyadingeka ukuhlephula izakhi zethusi emanzini angcolile e-electroplating futhi kufakwe i-Cu⁺ ion ibe ama-ion e-Cu²⁺. Indlela ehlanganisiwe yesisombululo se-sodium hypochlorite ne-hydrogen peroxide isetshenziselwa ukuphula i-cyanide kanye nama-complexing agents afana ne-potassium sodium tartrate. Kunamathangi amathathu aphula i-cyanide. Amanzi angcolile aqukethe i-cyanide kanye namanzi angcolile anethusi aphonswa ethangini lesigaba sokuqala sokuphulwa kwe-cyanide. Ubisi lwe-lime lwengezwa ukulungisa i-pH ibe yi-11 - 12. futhi inani elingeziwe lobisi lwe-lime lilungiswa uhlelo lokulawula i-pH. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isisombululo se-sodium hypochlorite siyengezwa ukuphula i-cyanide. I-hydrogen peroxide yengezwa ethangini lesigaba sesibili eliqhekeza i-cyanide ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokuphula i-cyanide kanye nama-oxidizing complexing agents njenge-potassium sodium tartrate. Ngenxa yezinga lokusabela elihamba kancane, ithangi lesigaba sesithathu eliqhekeza i-cyanide liyengezwa. Ethangini lesigaba sesithathu le-cyanide-breaking, ukususwa kwe-cyanide nama-ejenti ayinkimbinkimbi njenge-potassium sodium tartrate kuhlolwa ngokuya ngedatha yokuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali nolwazi. Ngokuqedwa kokusabela kwe-oxidation, i-Cu⁺ emanzini angcolile iguqulwa ngokuphelele ibe yi-Cu²⁺, futhi i-copper carbonate ne-copper hydroxide precipitate iyakhiwa. Phakathi nale nqubo, emva kokuba amanzi angcolile e-pyrophosphate e-copper aphendule nge-lime, inkimbinkimbi eyakhiwe ngethusi ne-pyrophosphate radical iphukile, futhi i-hydroxide yethusi iyakhiwa. Idatha yokuhlaziya ibonisa ukuthi le nqubo ingenza amanzi angcolile ahlangabezane nezindinganiso zokukhishwa. Ukwengeza umcako ukulungisa i-pH kanye nama-ion e-copper ancipha kunciphisa izindleko zokwelashwa, futhi umcako ubuye ubambe iqhaza le-coagulant aid futhi ugweme ngokuphelele i-pyrophosphate radical.

3.3 Ukubuyiselwa Kwethusi

Kule nqubo engenhla, ama-ion ethusi emanzini angcolile e-electroplating aguqulwa abe ama-copper carbonate precipitates ayisisekelo. Uma inani le-lime elengeziwe lilikhulu, ama-ion ethusi angabuye aguqulwe abe yi-copper hydroxide precipitates. Njengoba i-lime idingeka ukuze kuncishiswe i-pyrophosphate radical emanzini angcolile e-pyrophosphate plating, inani lomcako owengeziwe ngeke libe lincane kakhulu. Izindleko ze-lime ziphansi kakhulu, futhi zingengezwa ngokwedlulele okufanele ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Ngemva kokuba amanzi angcolile aqukethe i-cyanide kanye nethusi ehlanzwa emathangini aphula i-cyanide ezigaba ezintathu, agelezela ku-flocculation tank. I-sodium pyrosulfite yengezwa ethangini le-flocculation ukunciphisa i-hydrogen peroxide eyeqile, futhi i-polyacrylamide flocculant yengezwa ukwenza izinhlayiya zemvula zikhule zibe zinkulu. Uma i-sodium pyrosulfite ingengeziwe ethangini le-flocculation, i-hydrogen peroxide esele ngemva kokuphuka kwe-cyanide iyabola ukuze ikhiqize umoya-mpilo, okhangiswa phezu kwezinhlayiya ze-precipitate futhi ibangele ukuthi imvula intante. Inani le-sodium pyrosulfite elengeziwe kufanele libe ngendlela yokuthi ama-precipitates angantanti, futhi okweqile okufanele kuyamukeleka.

Ngemva kokudlula ethangini le-flocculation, amanzi angcolile ageleza ethangini le-tube sedimentation ethambekele. Ngemuva kokuthi ama-precipitates ehlukanisiwe namanzi, angena ethangini lokuqina le-sedimentation, abese ehlungwa ngomshini wokuhlunga. Ikhekhe lokuhlunga liyatholwa, futhi i-filtrate igeleza ibuyele ethangini lokulungiswa. Ikhekhe lokuhlunga eliqukethe ithusi elitholiwe lithengwa inkampani yochwepheshe futhi lithunyelwa kumkhiqizi ochwepheshe ukuze akhiqize i-copper sulfate noma angasetshenziswa futhi ukukhiqiza ithusi ele-electrolytic.

I-4. Izinzuzo

Amanzi amdaka aqukethe ithusi akhiqizwa ezindaweni ezine zokusebenzela zokufaka i-electroplating. Idatha yokuhlaziya nokuqapha ikhombisa ukuthi isilinganiso sokuhlushwa kwesisindo sethusi emanzini amdaka e-Cyanide copper plating angama-345mg/L, okungukuthi, ithani ngalinye lamanzi amdaka liqukethe i-0.345kg yethusi. Inani eliphelele lamanzi amdaka e-cyanide copper plating ngenyanga licishe libe ama-4600t, aqukethe i-1587kg yethusi. Kanye nethusi kwamanye amanzi amdaka aqukethe ithusi, cishe ama-1700kg ethusi angatholakala ngenyanga. Imali engenayo yenkampani yanyanga zonke ngokuthengisa udaka oluqukethe ithusi ingu-RMB 30.000 - 40.000. Ukutholwa kwenkampani ithusi emanzini amdaka e-electroplating kugwema ukusetshenziswa okungasebenzi kahle kwethusi lensimbi, hhayi nje kuphela ukunciphisa izindleko ze-electroplating kodwa futhi nokunciphisa ukungcola kwesibili kodaka lwe-electroplating endaweni ezungezile, kufezwe izinzuzo ezinhle zezomnotho nezenhlalo.

5. Isiphetho

Imboni ye-electroplating iyimboni engcolisa kakhulu. Esimeni samanje lapho izinqubo zokwelashwa nobuchwepheshe bamanzi angcolile e-electroplating e-China zibuyela emuva ngokuqhathaniswa, ukutadisha ngenkuthalo izindlela zokuthola izinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi emanzini angcolile e-electroplating kubaluleke kakhulu ekusunguleni imodi yokonga izinsiza kanye nemvelo enobungani be-electroplating kanye nokugcina intuthuko esimeme yemboni ye-electroplating. Indlela yokwelapha i-cyanide copper plating namanye amanzi angcolile anethusi ukuze kubuyiselwe ithusi kusetshenziswa umcako ofundwe kuleli phepha kubonise imiphumela emihle ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, okuhlinzeka ngendlela engenzeka yokuthuthukiswa kohlaza komkhakha we-electroplating.