Amasu Okunciphisa Ukusetshenziswa Kwe-Sodium Cyanide Ngenkathi Ugcina Izilinganiso Zokubuyisela

Ezimbonini zokumba nezimbiwa zensimbi, i-sodium cyanide Sekuyisikhathi eside i-reagent eyinhloko yokukhipha izinsimbi eziyigugu njengegolide nesiliva ngenxa yokuphumelela kwayo ekuncibilikiseni lezi zinsimbi. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa I-Sodium Cyanide kubeka engcupheni enkulu yezemvelo kanye nokuphepha, okuhlanganisa okungenzeka i-cyanide ukuvuza kanye nokulimala okungase kubangele i-ecosystem kanye nempilo yabantu. Njengoba imithetho yezemvelo iba namandla, kunesidingo esikhulayo sokunciphisa I-sodium cyanide ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kokudela amanani okubuyisela insimbi. Lokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi kuhlola amasu amaningana nobuchwepheshe obungasiza ekufinyeleleni lokhu kubhalansi okuntekenteke.

1. Lungiselela Izinqubo zokuLeaching

The inqubo leaching kulapho i-sodium cyanide ihlangana ne-ore ukuze incibilikise izinsimbi ezihlosiwe. Ngokulungiselela amapharamitha ngaphakathi kwale nqubo, ukuncipha okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide kungafinyelelwa.

1.1 Tune kahle i-pH namazinga we-Oxygen

I-sodium cyanide isebenza kahle kakhulu phakathi kwebanga elithile le-pH, ngokuvamile eliphakathi kuka-10 no-11. Ukuqapha nokulawula ngokunembile i-pH yesisombululo sokuvuza kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kabusha kwe-cyanide. Ukwengeza, i-oxygen ibalulekile ekuphenduleni kwe-oxidation eyenza ukuchithwa kwensimbi. Ukungena komoya okwanele, ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezifana nokusebenzisa ama-compressor komoya noma amasistimu omjovo we-oxygen, kuqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo ye-oxidation ihamba kahle. Ngokugcina ibhalansi efanele ye-pH nomoya-mpilo, i-cyanide encane iyadingeka ukuze kuzuzwe izinga elifanayo lokukhishwa kwensimbi.

1.2 Sebenzisa Izindlela Zokwelapha Ngaphambili

Ukwelapha kusengaphambili i-ore kungayenza ibe lula ukucwiliswa kwe-cyanide, kwehlise imfuneko ye-cyanide iyonke. Isibonelo, ukugazinga noma i-bio-oxidation kungabhidliza izinto eziphikisayo ku-ore, kuveze izinsimbi eziningi eziqondiwe kusixazululo se-cyanide. I-pressure oxidation ingenye indlela yokwelapha yangaphambi kokwelashwa ephumelelayo, engakhuphula indawo engaphezulu yezinhlayiya ze-ore futhi ithuthukise ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-cyanide nezinsimbi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise amazinga okubuyisela ngenkathi kusetshenziswa i-cyanide encane.

2. Qamba Ngama-Alternative Reagents kanye Nezithasiselo

Ukuhlola amanye ama-reagents kanye nezithasiselo kunganikeza izithasiselo ezisebenzayo noma izithasiselo ze-sodium cyanide, kunciphise ukuthembela kwayo.

2.1 Sebenzisa ama-Cyanide-Free Leaching Agents

Ama-ejenti amaningana we-leaching angenayo i-cyanide avele njengezinye izindlela ezingaba khona. I-Thiosulfate, isibonelo, ibonise isithembiso ekukhishweni kwegolide. Inobuthi obuncane kune-sodium cyanide futhi ingafinyelela amazinga okubuyisela afanayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele. I-Thiosulfate leaching isebenza kahle kakhulu kuma-ores aqukethe amazinga aphezulu ethusi noma ezinye izinto eziphazamisayo, ezingadla i-cyanide ezinqubweni zendabuko. Enye inketho i-thiourea, ebuye inikeze enye indlela evumelana nemvelo yokukhishwa kwensimbi, ikakhulukazi uma ihlanganiswe nama-oxidants afanelekile.

2.2 Faka Izithasiselo

Izithasiselo zingathuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-sodium cyanide, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa okuncishisiwe. I-lime, isibonelo, ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukulungisa i-pH yesisombululo se-leaching nokuvimbela ukwakheka kwegesi eyingozi ye-hydrogen cyanide. Ukwengeza, ama-polymers athile kanye nama-surfactants angathuthukisa ukusakazeka kwe-cyanide ku-ore slurry, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokuxhumana phakathi kwe-cyanide nezinsimbi. Lezi zithako zingasiza ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide kufika ku-20 - 30% kuyilapho kugcinwa izinga lokululama.

3. Thuthukisa Izisetshenziswa kanye Nezinhlelo Zokuqapha

Ukuthuthukisa imishini nokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuqapha ezithuthukile nakho kungaba nomthelela ekwehliseni ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide.

3.1 Thuthukisa Izinsizakusebenza zokuLeaching

Ama-reactors esimanjemanje, njengama-reactors anyakazayo anezindlela zokuxutshwa ezithuthukisiwe, angaqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kwe-cyanide ku-slurry ore. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuncibilika kwensimbi, kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide encane. Ama-continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTRs) anemiklamo ethuthukisiwe angathuthukisa amazinga okudlulisa ngobuningi, anciphise isikhathi nenani le-cyanide elidingekayo ukuze kukhishwe insimbi ephelele.

3.2 Sebenzisa Ukuqapha Kwesikhathi Sangempela

Izinzwa ezithuthukisiwe nezinhlelo zokuqapha zingaqhubeka nokulinganisa amapharamitha afana nokugxiliswa kwe-cyanide, i-pH, namazinga okuchithwa kwensimbi enqubweni yokuvuza. Ngokuba nedatha yesikhathi sangempela, opharetha bangenza izinguquko ngokushesha kumthamo we-cyanide, baqinisekise ukuthi kusetshenziswa inani elidingekayo kuphela. Amasistimu okulawula okuzenzakalelayo angahlanganiswa nalezi zinzwa ukuze kulawulwe ngokunembile ukungezwa kwe-cyanide, ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile nokuthuthukisa amazinga okuthola kabusha.

4. Lungiselela Ukuphathwa Kwensimbi Nokuzilungiselela

Esifanele ukuphathwa kwensimbi futhi ukulungiselela kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwe-cyanide namazinga okuthola kabusha.

4.1 I-Ore Grinding Optimization

Ukulawula usayizi wezinhlayiyana zensimbi ngokusebenzisa ukugaya okwenziwe kahle kubalulekile. Osayizi bezinhlayiyana ezicolekile bandisa indawo engaphezulu etholakalayo ukuze i-cyanide isabele nezinsimbi, kodwa ukugaya ngokweqile kungaholela ekusetshenzisweni kwe-reagent eyengeziwe. Ngokuthola ukusabalalisa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezifanele ngokuhlolwa nokulingisa kwenqubo, inani le-cyanide elidingekayo ukuze kukhishwe insimbi ngokuphumelelayo lingancishiswa kuyilapho kugcinwa amanani aphezulu okubuyisela.

4.2 Ubuchwepheshe Bokuhlunga Ore

Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuhlungwa kwe-ore, obufana nokuhlunga kwe-X-ray fluorescence (XRF) noma ukuhlunga ngokubona, kungahlukanisa insimbi yezinga eliphezulu nensimbi yezinga eliphansi ngaphambi kwenqubo yokucwiliswa. Lokhu kuvumela ukucwiliswa okuhlosiwe kwezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-ore, kunciphisa umthamo usuwonke wezinto ezidinga ukuphathwa nge-cyanide futhi ngaleyo ndlela kwehle ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide.

Sengiphetha, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kuyilapho kugcinwa amazinga okubuyisela kuyinselele enezici eziningi edinga inhlanganisela yokwenziwa ngcono kwenqubo, ukusungulwa okusha kwezobuchwepheshe, nokuphathwa kokusebenza ngokucophelela. Ngokusebenzisa amasu ashiwo ngenhla, izimboni zezimayini nezimba insimbi azikwazi nje ukunciphisa indawo yazo ezungezile kodwa futhi zingase zibe nezindleko eziphansi zokusebenza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Njengoba ucwaningo luqhubeka nokuthuthuka, izindlela ezintsha nezisebenza ngempumelelo zingase zivele, zithuthukise ngokwengeziwe ukusimama kwezinqubo zokukhipha insimbi.