Umthelela Wokushiswa Kwezinga Lokushisa Okuphezulu Ekusetshenzisweni Kwe-Sodium Cyanide

Isingeniso

In the Ukukhishwa Kwegolide inqubo, I-Sodium Cyanide isetshenziswa kabanzi njenge-ejenti ye-leaching ngenxa yekhono layo lokwenza ama-complexes azinzile ngegolide. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa i-sodium cyanide kuyisici esibalulekile esinomthelela ekusebenzeni komnotho kanye nomthelela wemvelo wemisebenzi yokumba igolide. Ukucwiliswa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kungenye yezindlela ezisetshenziswayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokucwiliswa kwegolide ensimbini. Lesi sihloko sicubungula umthelela we-high - lokushisa leaching ekusetshenzisweni kwe I-sodium cyanide.

Iqhaza Le-Sodium Cyanide Ekukhishweni Kwegolide

Sodium i-cyanide ihlangana negolide lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo ukuze yenze izinhlanganisela ezincibilikayo ezivumela igolide ukuthi likhishwe ensimbi. Izibalo ze-Electrochemical zibonisa ukuthi ngokombono, amagremu angu-0.92 we-sodium cyanide ayadingeka ukuze kuncibilike igremu elingu-1 legolide. Kodwa-ke, ekukhiqizeni kwangempela kwezimboni, ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kuphakeme kakhulu kunaleli xabiso lethiyori, ngokuvamile izikhathi ezingu-50 - 100 ngaphezulu. Lo mehluko obalulekile ungenxa yezici ezihlukahlukene ezikhona ezimweni zangempela zokumbiwa kwezimayini, njengokuhlangana namanye amaminerali kuzinqubo zensimbi namakhemikhali ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokucwiliswa.

High - Temperature Leaching Process

I-leaching ephezulu yokushisa yenziwa emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, ngokuvamile ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa elivamile le-ambient. Inhloso eyinhloko ukwandisa umsebenzi we-ion ohlelweni lwe-ore - leaching solution. Ngokwenza kanjalo, isheshisa ukusabela phakathi kwe-ejenti yokucwilisa, i-sodium cyanide, negolide ngaphakathi kwensimbi. Isibonelo, endabeni yensimbi yegolide eqinile, ukucwiliswa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kungabhidliza izakhiwo zamaminerali eziyinkimbinkimbi ezimboze igolide, kwenze igolide lifinyeleleke kalula kuma-ion e-cyanide ukuze likhishwe.

Umthelela Wokushiswa Kwezinga Lokushisa Okuphezulu Ekusetshenzisweni Kwe-Sodium Cyanide

1. Ukwenyuka Kwezinga Lokusabela

Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, amandla e-kinetic ama-molecule asabelayo ayanda. Lokhu kubangela ukungqubuzana okuvamile nokunamandla phakathi kwama-molecule e-sodium cyanide, ama-molecule e-oksijini, nezinhlayiya zegolide ku-ore. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga igolide elincibilika ngalo kusixazululo se-sodium cyanide liyakhula. Uma izinga lokusabela lishesha, igolide eliningi lingancibilika ngesikhathi seyunithi ngayinye. Uma inhloso kuwukukhipha inani elithile legolide, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu leaching lingadinga isikhathi esifushane sokukhipha. Ngokombono, lokhu kungase kunciphise ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwe-sodium cyanide kusukela inqubo yokucwilisa iqeda ngokushesha, ukunciphisa isikhathi i-sodium cyanide evezwa ngayo izici ezibangela ukusetshenziswa kwayo.

2. I-Cyanide Hydrolysis

I-Cyanide ingena kwinqubo yamakhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-hydrolysis in solution, futhi izinga lale hydrolysis lithonywa izinga lokushisa. Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, i-hydrolysis ye-cyanide iba sobala kakhulu. Ku-100 ° C, uhhafu wama-ion e-cyanide uyalahleka, futhi ku-130 ° C, u-85% wawo ulahlekile. Le hydrolysis ikhiqiza i-hydrocyanic acid, engaholeli nje kuphela ekulahlekelweni kwe-sodium cyanide kodwa futhi ibeka engcupheni enkulu yemvelo nokuphepha ngoba i-hydrocyanic acid iyigesi enobuthi obuphezulu. Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, uma izinga lokushisa lingalawulwa kahle, ukwanda kwe-hydrolysis ye-sodium cyanide kungakhuphula kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwayo.

3. Ukusabela Ngezimbiwa Ezihlangene

Amatshe egolide amaningi aqukethe amanye amaminerali, njenge-pyrite, i-pyrrhotite, ne-copper sulfide. Lawa maminerali ahlobene angasabela nge-sodium cyanide. Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, amazinga okusabela phakathi kwalawa mamineral angathwali igolide ne-sodium cyanide angase anyuke. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-sodium cyanide eningi izosetshenziswa ekuphenduleni kulawa maminerali, okushiya okuncane okutholakalayo lapho kusabela ngegolide. Ukwengeza, okunye kwalokhu kusabela kungase kukhiqize - imikhiqizo engaphazamisa kakhulu inqubo yokucwiliswa kwegolide. Isibonelo, izinhlanganisela ezenziwe ngesulfure - eziqukethe zingamboza izinhlayiya zegolide, zivimbele ama-ion e-cyanide ukuthi angafinyeleli futhi asabele negolide.

4. Ukunyibilika kwe-Oxygen

I-oksijeni iyingxenye ebalulekile ekuphenduleni kwegolide - i-cyanide leaching njengoba isebenza njenge-oxidant. Nokho, ukuncibilika komoyampilo emanzini kuncipha njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka. Ku-100 ° C, awukho umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe emanzini. Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, uma izinga lokushisa lisondela endaweni abilayo yamanzi, ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo owanele oncibilikisiwe kungakhawulela i-oxidation yegolide. Ukuvala ukuncibilika komoyampilo okuncishisiwe, izinyathelo ezengeziwe ezinjengokwenyusa umfutho wengxenye ye-oksijini noma ukusebenzisa amanye ama-oxidants kungase kudingeke. Kodwa uma ukunikezwa komoyampilo kuhlala kunganele, ukusabela kwegolide kuzoncipha, futhi i-sodium cyanide eyengeziwe ingase idliwe emzamweni wokuqhubekisela phambili ukusabela.

Case Studies

Emayini ethile yegolide, igumbi lendabuko - izinga lokushisa le-cyanide leaching lidle u-2.5 kg we-sodium cyanide ngethani ngalinye lensimbi. Lapho kwethulwa inqubo yokukhishwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ekuqaleni, ngenxa yokusheshisa ukusabela kwegolide - ukucwiliswa kwe-leaching, isikhathi sokukhipha amanzi sancishiswa sisuka emahoreni angama-48 saya emahoreni angama-24. Nokho, ngenxa yokulawulwa okungafanele kwezinga lokushisa, nezinga lokushisa le-leaching lifinyelela ku-80 °C, i-hydrolysis ye-sodium cyanide yanda kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide empeleni kukhuphuke kwafinyelela ku-3.0 kg ngethani ngalinye le-ore. Ngemuva kokwenza kahle inqubo yokuvuza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, okuhlanganisa ukulawula ngokunembile izinga lokushisa elibalelwa ku-60 °C kanye nokwengeza ama-inhibitors ukunciphisa i-cyanide hydrolysis, Ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide yehliswa yaba ngu-2.0 kg ngethani le-ore ngenkathi igcina izinga eliphezulu lokucwiliswa kwegolide.

Isiphetho

Ukukhishwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kunomthelela oyinkimbinkimbi ekusetshenzisweni kwe-sodium cyanide enqubweni yokukhipha igolide. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingasheshisa ukusabela kwegolide - ukuvuza, okungenzeka kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide lapho inqubo iphethwe kahle. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amazinga okushisa aphezulu angabangela ukwanda kwe-cyanide hydrolysis, ukusabela okunamandla kakhulu namaminerali ahlobene, nokunciphisa ukuncibilika komoya-mpilo, konke okungaholela ekusetshenzisweni okuphezulu kwe-sodium cyanide. Ngakho-ke, uma usebenzisa i-leaching ephezulu yokushisa, kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa imingcele yenqubo, njengokulawula izinga lokushisa okunembile, ukunikezwa komoya-mpilo okufanele, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo ukuvimbela i-cyanide hydrolysis kanye nokusabela okungafuneki ngamaminerali ahlobene. Le ndlela ingasiza ukulinganisa phakathi kokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokucwiliswa kwegolide kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide, kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwezomnotho nokusebenza kwemvelo kokumba igolide.