Ukuthuthukiswa Kwe-Sodium Cyanide Leaching ku-Gold-Copper Ores

Isingeniso

Ukukhishwa kwegolide nethusi ezitsheni zegolide-zethusi kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi. I-Cyanidation, ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa I-Sodium Cyanide, sekuyisikhathi eside kuyindlela evelele yokukhipha igolide. Kodwa-ke, ukuba khona kwethusi kulawa ma-ores kubangela izinselele ezinkulu enqubweni ye-cyanidation, okuthinta kokubili ukubuyiswa kwegolide i-cyanide ukusetshenziswa. Lokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi kucubungula ekuthuthukisweni kwe-sodium I-Cyanide Leaching kumatshe egolide-ethusi, ukuhlola izimiso eziyisisekelo, izinselele, nezisombululo ezintsha.

Izimiso zeCyanide Leaching

I-Cyanide leaching incike ekhonweni eliyingqayizivele lama-ion e-cyanide ukwenza izakhiwo ezizinzile ezinegolide nesiliva. I-sodium cyanide, encibilika kakhulu emanzini futhi izinzile, isebenza njenge-lixiviant eyinhloko. Lapho incibilika emanzini, ikhipha ama-ion e-cyanide. La ma-ion asabela negolide lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo ngenqubo ye-electrochemical. Igolide liqale lifakwe i-oxid bese liboshwa ama-ion e-cyanide ukuze lakhe inkimbinkimbi encibilikayo, okuvumela ukukhishwa kwalo etsheni.

Izinselelo Ezidalwa I-Copper Kumatshe Egolide-Ethusi

Ukwanda Kokusetshenziswa Kwe-Cyanide

I-Copper e-golide-copper ores ihlangana ne-cyanide ukuze kwakhe izakhiwo ezihlukahlukene zethusi-cyanide. Kuwo wonke u-1% wethusi osebenzayo, cishe u-30 kg/t we-NaCN angadliwa. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kakhulu akugcini nje ngokunyusa izindleko zokusebenza zenqubo ye-cyanidation kodwa futhi kudinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela kokusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide.

Ukuvinjwa Kwegolide Leaching

Ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-copper-cyanide complexes kusixazululo se-leaching kunganciphisa ukuncibilika kwegolide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithusi linomkhuba wokwenza izingqimba ze-passivation ebusweni bezinhlayiya zegolide. Lezi zingqimba zisebenza njengezithiyo, zinciphisa ukuthintana phakathi kwegolide ne-cyanide ions futhi ngaleyo ndlela zivimbele inqubo yokukhipha.

Amasu Okuthuthukisa I-Sodium Cyanide Leaching ku-Gold-Copper Ores

Ukwelashwa Kwangaphambili Kwe-Ores

• Izindlela Zokuhlukana Ngomzimba: Amasu anjengokuhlukanisa amandla adonsela phansi, ukuntanta, noma ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe angasetshenziswa ukuze kugxilwe ngaphambili kwensimbi. Ngokususa ngokukhetha ingxenye ebalulekile yamaminerali ethusi ngaphambi kwe-cyanidation, lezi zindlela zehlisa okuqukethwe kwethusi kokubalulekile okuzoleaching. Isibonelo, i-flotation ingahlukanisa amaminerali e-copper sulfide ku-ore enegolide, kunciphise ukuphazamiseka kwethusi ngesikhathi se-cyanidation.

• I-Oxidative Pretreatment: Izinqubo ze-oxidative ezifana nokugazinga, i-bio-oxidation, noma i-pressure oxidation zisebenza kahle ekuphuleni amaminerali e-sulfide kanye nokukhulula igolide elivalekile. Ngomongo wegolide-yethusi sulfide ores, pretreatment oxidative akugcini nje ukuthuthukisa ukutholakala kwegolide kodwa futhi kunciphisa umthelela omubi wethusi ku-cyanidation. Ukugazinga, isibonelo, kuguqula amaminerali e-sulfide abe ama-oxide, okwenza igolide lifinyeleleke kalula enqubweni yokucwiliswa kwe-cyanide.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwepharamitha Yenqubo

• I-Cyanide Concentration: Ukunquma ukugxila kwe-cyanide okufanelekile kubalulekile. Nakuba ukugxila okuphezulu kungase kukhuphule ukuncibilika kwegolide, kuphinde kuholele ekusetshenzisweni ngokweqile kwe-cyanide, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona ithusi. Kudingeka indlela elinganiselayo, futhi kwezinye izimo, ukusebenzisa inani elincane le-cyanide kanye nezinye izithasiselo kungaveza imiphumela engcono.

• Ukulawulwa kwe-pH: Ukugcina izinga le-pH elilungile (imvamisa licishe libe ngu-9 - 12) esixazululweni se-leaching kubalulekile kwinqubo ye-cyanidation. Ekucwiliseni i-ore yegolide-yethusi, ukulungisa i-pH kungasiza ukulawula amazinga okuncibilika kukho kokubili ithusi negolide. Ukwehlisa kancane i-pH kwesinye isikhathi kungathuthukisa ukuvuza kwegolide ngokucindezela ukucwiliswa kwethusi.

• Izinga lokushisa nokuyaluza: Ukuphakamisa izinga lokushisa kungasheshisa ukusabela kwe-cyanide leaching, kodwa kunemikhawulo yayo. Ukushisa okudlulele kungakhuphula ukuntengantenga kwe-cyanide futhi kusheshise ukufakwa kwe-oxidation yayo ibe yizinto ezingasasebenzi kangako. Ukuyaluza okwanele kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthintana okuhle phakathi kwezinhlayiya ze-ore, isixazululo se-cyanide, nomoya-mpilo. Kodwa-ke, ukuyaluza okunamandla ngokweqile kungabangela ukuguga nokudabuka ngokweqile kwemishini.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwezithasiselo

• Amoniya: Ukwengeza i-ammonia enqubweni ye-cyanidation kungasiza ukuphatha ithusi ngokwakha ama-complexes azinzile ngayo. Lezi zakhiwo zivimbela ukwakheka kwezinhlanganisela zethusi-cyanide ezivimbela ukuncibilika kwegolide. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-ammonia kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela ngenxa yobuthi bayo nokuguquguquka, okubeka izingozi zemvelo.

• Glycine: Ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonisa ukuthi i-glycine ingasetshenziswa ekuhlanganisweni nokugxiliswa okuphansi kwe-cyanide ukuze kukhishwe igolide, isiliva, nethusi ensimbini yegolide yethusi. I-Glycine complexes nayo yomibili i-cupric ion ne-cuprous ion, ikhuthaza ukuncibilika kwethusi, futhi ingancibilikisa izendlalelo ze-passivation endaweni yegolide neyethusi. Le ndlela inganciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide okungenani ngama-75%.

Case Studies

A Japanese Mining Operation

Umsebenzi omncane wokumba eJapane wawusebenza ekukhuliseni ukubuyiswa kwegolide kusuka ku-ore ecebile ngethusi kusetshenziswa i-cyanidation. Emjikelezweni wangaphambilini we-cyanidation one-tonnes ezingama-800 zothuli (i-gold tailings), bathola amakhilogremu angu-1.3 egolide elihlanzekile elingu-94% ngemva kokususwa. Ukuze bathuthukise ukubuyiswa, basebenzisa i-lime ukwandisa i-pH ne-ammonia ukusiza ukususa ithusi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, benza i-copper delution kusuka ku- I-Carbon ngaphambi kokukhipha igolide futhi walungisa i-voltage kanye ne-amperage ngesikhathi sokukhipha igolide kanye nokuma kwe-electrode. Lezi zinyathelo zisize ekwandiseni ukubuyiswa kwegolide.

I-Australian Low-Grade Copper-Gold Ore

Insimbi yegolide yethusi yezinga eliphansi yase-Australia yacutshungulwa kusetshenziswa inqubo “yokuntanta okuxubile—ukuhlukanisa ithusi nesibabule—ukucwiliswa kwe-sulphur concentrate ukuze kutholakale igolide”. Ngokuthuthukisa ama-reagents e-flotation (kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela ye-butyl xanthate kanye ne-ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate njengabaqoqi) kanye nokugeleza kwenqubo (izigaba eziningi zokubi nokukhukhula endaweni evaliwe), bathole ukutholwa kwethusi okungama-82.46% kanye nokutholwa kwegolide okuphelele okungama-91.87%.

Isiphetho

Ukuthuthukisa i- i-sodium cyanide inqubo yokukhishwa kwezinsimbi zegolide nethusi ibalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza komnotho kanye nokusimama kwemvelo kokumbiwa kwegolide. Ngokuqonda izinselelo ezilethwa ithusi nokusebenzisa amasu afana nokwelashwa kusengaphambili, ukuthuthukiswa kwepharamitha yenqubo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo, ukuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo ekutholeni igolide nokusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide kungafinyelelwa. Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo kule ndawo cishe luzogxila ekuthuthukiseni izindlela ezisebenza kahle nezingangeni emvelweni, kuqhubeke kuncishiswe umthelela wokucutshungulwa kwensimbi yegolide nethusi endaweni ezungezile kuyilapho kukhulisa ukukhishwa kwezinsiza.