Ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana nokukhipha igolide le-cyanide ongase ungazi

Emhlabeni wezimayini zegolide, i Ukukhishwa kwe-cyanide inqubo iyindlela ebucayi esetshenziswa ukubuyisa igolide etsheni. Nakuba abaningi bengase bajwayele igama elithi “cyanide,” ubunkimbinkimbi bokusetshenziswa kwalo ekukhishweni kwegolide ngokuvamile abunakwa. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukucacisa ulwazi oluvamile oluzungezile I-sodium cyanide kanye neqhaza layo ku Inqubo yokukhipha igolide, ukuqinisekisa ukuqonda okuphelele kwale nqubo ebalulekile.

I-Cyanide Gold Extraction Process

Inqubo yokukhipha igolide ye-cyanide ibandakanya izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile, ngasinye sidinga ukulawulwa okunembile kwamapharamitha ahlukahlukene ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela emihle. Izinto eziyinhloko okufanele ziqashwe zihlanganisa ukugcwala kwe-cyanide, ukugcwala komoyampilo, i-alkalinity, nesikhathi esidingekayo sokuchithwa. Lezi zici zibalulekile ekuzuzeni ikhwalithi oyifunayo ukubuyiswa kwegolide.

1. I-Leaching: Isinyathelo sokuqala kule nqubo ukucwiliswa kwamanzi, lapho igolide eliqinile lincibilika kusixazululo secyanide esiqukethe umoya-mpilo. Lesi sixazululo sivumela ukukhishwa kwegolide ensimbi, ukuhlukanisa ngokuphumelelayo kwamanye amaminerali.

2. Ukugeza: Ukulandela leaching, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukugeza. Le nqubo ihilela ukubuyisela isixazululo esinegolide ngemva kokucwiliswa nokugezwa kwegolide elincibilikisiwe ebusweni bezinhlayiya zensimbi. Umgomo uwukufeza ukuhlukaniswa okuqinile-oketshezi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igolide lihlukaniswa ngokuphumelelayo nezinto ezisele.

3. Ukufakwa esikhundleni: Isinyathelo sokugcina senqubo yokukhipha esikhundleni, lapho isisombululo esinegolide siphathwa nge-metallic zinc. Lesi sinyathelo sinciphisa futhi sinciphise igolide, sivumele ukutholakala kwalo ngendlela eqinile.

Izithako Ezibalulekile Ekukhishweni Kwegolide Le-Cyanide

Izinhlanganisela ezimbili eziyinhloko zidlala indima ebalulekile enqubweni yokukhipha igolide le-cyanide: i-cyanide ne-alkali evikelayo.

1. ICyanide

I-Cyanide iyitshe legumbi lenqubo yokukhishwa. Ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni, izinhlobo eziningana ze-cyanide zisetshenziswa, kuhlanganise I-Potassium cyanide (KCN), i-sodium cyanide (NaCN), I-calcium cyanide [Ca(CN)2], kanye I-Ammonium cyanide (NH4CN). Phakathi kwalokhu, i-sodium cyanide isetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo nokutholakala kwayo.

I-sodium cyanide iyimpushana emhlophe enobuthi kakhulu evame ukukhiqizwa ibe yindilinga noma amafomu ebhulokhi ukuze kube lula ukuyiphatha. Amandla ayo njenge-ejenti yokucwilisa ayenza ibaluleke kakhulu enqubweni yokukhipha igolide, kodwa futhi idinga imithetho eqinile yokuphepha ukuze kwehliswe izingozi ezihlobene nobuthi bayo.

2. I-Alkali Evikelayo

Indima ye-alkali evikelayo enqubweni yokukhipha igolide ye-cyanide ayikwazi ukuncishiswa. Inhloso eyinhloko yokwengeza i-alkali evikelayo ukugcina ukuzinza kwesisombululo se-cyanide nokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwe-cyanide nge-hydrolysis. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi inqubo yokuleaching ihlala isebenza kahle futhi isebenza ngempumelelo.

I-alkali evikelayo ivamise ukungezwa phakathi nesigaba sokuvuza noma phakathi nenqubo yokugaya i-cyanide ore. Ezimweni lapho ukwakheka kwe-ore kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuqukethe amaminerali afana ne-pyrrhotite, okungaba yingozi enqubweni ye-cyanide, ukungezwa kwezinsiza ezivikelayo ze-alkali ku-oxidation noma imvula yala maminerali ayingozi. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle jikelele kwenqubo yokukhipha kodwa futhi kunomthelela ekuphepheni nasekusimameni kwemvelo komsebenzi.

Isiphetho

Inqubo yokukhipha igolide ye-cyanide iyindlela eyinkimbinkimbi edinga ukuqonda okujulile kokusebenzisana kwamakhemikhali okuhlukahlukene kanye nemingcele yokusebenza. I-sodium cyanide, njengengxenye ebalulekile, idlala indima ebalulekile ekutholeni ngempumelelo igolide etsheni. Ngokulawula izici ezifana nokugxiliswa kwe-cyanide, amazinga omoya-mpilo, i-alkalinity, nesikhathi sokucubungula, imisebenzi yezimayini ingathuthukisa imizamo yayo yokukhipha igolide.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubaluleka kwe-alkali evikelayo ekuzinziseni isisombululo se-cyanide kanye nokunciphisa imiphumela yamaminerali ayingozi angeke kushaywe indiva. Njengoba imboni yezimayini iqhubeka nokuthuthuka, ukuqonda okuphelele kwalezi zinqubo nezinhlanganisela kuzobaluleka ukuze kuqinisekiswe izindlela zokumba igolide eziphephile, ezisebenza kahle futhi ezinomthwalo wemfanelo kwimvelo.

Kafushane, ngenkathi i-sodium cyanide ivame ukubukwa nge-lens yobuthi bayo, ukubaluleka kwayo enqubweni yokukhipha igolide kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokuthola ulwazi oluvamile oluzungeze le ndlela, ababambiqhaza embonini yezimayini bangakwazi ukuzulazula kangcono ubunzima bokutholwa kwegolide futhi bafake isandla ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme kwezinqubo zezimayini.