Iqhaza Le-Sodium Cyanide Emayini: Ukuhlaziywa Okujulile

I-sodium cyanide, i-compound ebilokhu iyingxenye ye- Imboni Yezokumbiwa iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhishweni kwezinsimbi eziyigugu, ikakhulukazi igolide nesiliva. Lesi sihloko sibheka izici zamakhemikhali ze I-Sodium Cyanide, ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezimayini, kanye nokucatshangelwa kwemvelo nokuphepha okuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwayo.

Ukuqonda i-Sodium Cyanide

I-sodium cyanide (NaCN) iwusawoti oncibilika kakhulu oqukethe i-cyanide ion (CN⁻). I-Cyanide ngokwayo iyikhemikhali eyenzeka ngokwemvelo etholakala ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene endaweni ezungezile, kuhlanganise nezithelo ezithile, amantongomane, nezitshalo. Nakuba ngokuvamile ihlotshaniswa nobuthi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-cyanide ikhona ekugxilweni okuphansi ezintweni eziningi zansuku zonke, njengosawoti wetafula kanye nemikhiqizo ethile yokudla efana ne-cassava nezithelo zamatshe.

Emkhakheni wezimboni, i-sodium cyanide ikhiqizwa ngobuningi, kusetshenziswa amathani angaphezu kwesigidi ngonyaka kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza, kuhlanganisa I-Electroplating, Ukusebenza, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali namapulasitiki aphilayo. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuphawuleka kakhulu kusasele embonini yezimayini, lapho isetshenziselwa ukukhipha igolide nesiliva ensimbi.

Inqubo Yezimayini: Isebenza Kanjani I-Sodium Cyanide

Inqubo yokukhipha igolide ensimbini kusetshenziswa i-sodium cyanide yaziwa ngokuthi I-Cyanide Leaching noma i-cyanidation. Le ndlela isetshenziswe imboni yezimayini iminyaka engaphezu kwe-120 futhi isebenza ikakhulukazi ngenxa yekhono layo lokuncibilikisa izinhlayiya zegolide nesiliva ezivela edwaleni elizungezile.

1. Ukuchoboza nokugaya: Isinyathelo sokuqala senqubo ye-cyanidation sihlanganisa ukuchotshozwa nokugaya insimbi ukuze kukhululwe izinhlayiya zegolide. Le nqubo engokomzimba yandisa indawo engaphezulu ye-ore, okuvumela ukusebenza kahle kwamakhemikhali.

2. Ukulungiswa kwesixazululo se-Cyanide: Uma insimbi isigayiwe kahle, ixutshwa nesisombululo esixutshiwe se-sodium cyanide, ngokuvamile ekugxilweni okusuka ku-0.01% kuya ku-0.05%. Isixazululo se-cyanide sibe sesingeniswa ensimbini ethangini le-leaching.

3. I-Leaching: Phakathi nenqubo yokucwilisa, i-sodium cyanide ihlangana negolide nesiliva ku-ore, yakhe inkimbinkimbi encibilikayo. Lokhu kuvumela izinsimbi eziyigugu ukuba zihlukaniswe nemfucumfucu. Inqubo yokucwilisa ingathatha amahora ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini, kuye ngobunjalo bensimbi kanye nokugcwala kwe-cyanide esetshenzisiwe.

4. Ukulawulwa kwe-pH: Ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwegesi enobuthi ye-hydrogen cyanide (HCN), i-pH ye-slurry ibhekwa ngokucophelela futhi ilungiswe. I-lime noma ezinye izinto ze-alkaline zengezwa ukuze kugcinwe izinga le-pH eligcina ama-ion e-cyanide ezinzile futhi engenabo ubuthi.

5. Ukutholwa Kwegolide: Ngemuva kwenqubo ye-leaching, inkimbinkimbi yegolide-cyanide ihlukaniswa ne-slurry esele. Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ikhabhoni ecushiwe, ekhangisa igolide elisuka esixazululweni. Igolide libe selikhishwa kukhabhoni futhi liphinde ligxiliswe ngaphambi kokuba lincibilikiswe libe izigxobo zegolide.

Ukucatshangelwa Kwemvelo Nokuphepha

Nakuba i-sodium cyanide iyithuluzi eliphumelelayo Ukukhishwa Kwegolide, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwemvelo nokuphepha. Ubuthi be-cyanide bubhalwe kahle, futhi ukuphatha okungalungile noma ukukhishwa ngephutha kungaba nemiphumela elimazayo ku-ecosystem nempilo yomuntu.

1. Umthelela Wemvelo: Imboni yezimayini ingaphansi kokucutshungulwa okukhulayo mayelana nezinqubo zayo zemvelo. Ukuchitheka noma ukuvuza kwe-cyanide kungangcolisa inhlabathi nemithombo yamanzi, kube yingozi ezilwaneni zasendle nasemiphakathini yendawo. Ngenxa yalokho, amazwe amaningi asebenzise imithethonqubo eqinile elawula ukusetshenziswa nokulahlwa kwe-cyanide emisebenzini yezimayini.

2. Amaphrothokholi okuphepha: Izinkampani zezimayini kudingeka ukuthi zilandele izimiso zokuphepha eziqinile ukuze zinciphise ubungozi obuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqeqesha abasebenzi ngamasu okuphatha ngendlela efanele, ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokubhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo, kanye nokwenza ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwezindawo zokugcinwa nokucubungula.

3. Ezinye Izindlela: Ukusabela ekukhathazekeni kwemvelo, ezinye izinkampani zezimayini zihlola ezinye izindlela zokukhipha igolide ezingathembeli ku-cyanide. Lezi zindlela zihlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla adonsela phansi, ukuntanta, kanye ne-bioleaching, esebenzisa ama-microorganisms ukukhipha izinsimbi ku-ore. Kodwa-ke, lezi zindlela ezihlukile zingase zingasebenzi kahle noma zingabizi njenge-cyanidation.

Ikusasa Lesodium Cyanide Emayini

Njengoba isidingo segolide nesiliva siqhubeka sikhuphuka, imboni yezimayini cishe izoqhubeka nokuthembela ku-sodium cyanide ukuze ikhishwe. Kodwa-ke, imboni nayo ibhekene nengcindezi yokuthi isebenzise izindlela ezisimeme kakhulu futhi yehlise izinga layo lezemvelo.

Imizamo yocwaningo nentuthuko iyaqhubeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphathwa kwe-cyanide nokuhlola ezinye izindlela eziphephile. Izindlela ezintsha zokugaywa kabusha kwe-cyanide kanye nezinqubo zokuqeda ubuthi ziyaphenywa ukuze kuncishiswe imfucuza futhi kuncishiswe amathuba okulimala kwemvelo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhakha wezimayini uya ngokuya wamukela ukubeka izinto obala nokuziphendulela, njengoba izinkampani eziningi zizibophezela ekusebenzeni kwezimayini ezinomthwalo wemfanelo. Lokhu kubandakanya ukusebenzelana nemiphakathi yendawo, ukwenza ukuhlola komthelela kwezemvelo, kanye nokutshala imali kubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisa ukuphepha nokusimama.

Isiphetho

I-sodium cyanide isalokhu iyingxenye ebalulekile embonini yezimayini, ikakhulukazi ekukhishweni kwegolide nesiliva etsheni. Nakuba ukusebenza kwayo kungenakuphikiswa, okuhlobene nendawo ezungezile nokuphepha kudinga ukuphathwa nokuqapha ngokucophelela. Njengoba imboni ithuthuka, ukugxila ezindleleni ezisimeme nezinye izindlela zokumbiwa kuzodlala indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni ikusasa lezimayini. Ngokulinganisa isidingo sokumbiwa kwezinsiza kanye nokuphathwa kwemvelo, imboni yezimayini ingasebenzela ikusasa elisimeme nelinomthwalo wemfanelo.