Umgomo we-Sodium Cyanide kunqubo ye-Carbon-in-Pulp yokukhipha Igolide

Isingeniso

Inqubo ye -Carbon -in-pulp (CIP) iyindlela esetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yezimayini zegolide yokukhipha igolide ku-ore. I-Sodium cyanide idlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo. Lesi sihloko sigxila ezimisweni ezinemininingwane zendlela i-Sodium cyanide esebenza ngayo enqubweni ye-CIP yokukhipha igolide.

Ukusabela Kwe-Cyanidation: Isisekelo Sokuhlakazwa Kwegolide

1. I-Chemical Reaction Mechanism

I-sodium cyanide (NaCN) iyinhlanganisela esebenza kakhulu. Uma ichayeke kumoya-mpilo, isabela negolide elikhona ensimbi. Ukusabela kuguqula igolide elingancibiliki ngaphakathi kwensimbi libe yifomu elincibilikayo ngokwakha inkimbinkimbi ezinzile enegolide. Lesi sinyathelo sokuyinkimbinkimbi sibalulekile njengoba sivumela igolide ukuba lihlukaniswe nezingxenye eziqinile zensimbi.

2. Indima Ye-oksijeni

I-oksijini iyisici esibalulekile ekusabeleni kwe-Cyanidation , esebenza njenge-oxidizing agent ukusiza ekuqhekekeni kwegolide. Ngaphandle kwe-oksijini, ukusabela phakathi kwama-ion egolide ne-cyanide kungaqhubeka ngesivinini se-snail. I-oksijini inikeza izimo ezidingekayo ukuze kwakheke i-gold-cyanide complex. Ezisetshenzisweni zezimboni, umoya uvame ukugeleza ngesisombululo se-cyanide ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala okwanele kwe-oxygen. Inani le-oxygen esixazululweni lithinta ngqo isivinini lapho igolide lincibilika khona.

3. Ukulawulwa kwe-pH

Izinga le-pH lesisombululo se-cyanide liyisici esibalulekile enqubweni ye-cyanidation. I-sodium cyanide, engusawoti we-asidi ebuthakathaka kanye nesisekelo esiqinile, ingangena ku-hydrolysis emanzini, okungenzeka yakhe i-hydrogen cyanide, igesi enobuthi kakhulu futhi eshintshashintshayo. Ukuvimbela lokhu, i-pH yesisombululo igcinwa ngokucophelela ezingeni eliphezulu, ngokuvamile ezungeze i-10 - 11. Le pH ephezulu ayigcini nje ngokuzinzisa isisombululo se-cyanide kodwa futhi yandisa ukusebenza kahle kokuncibilika kwegolide. Ukwengeza, kusiza ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwamanye ama-ion ensimbi ensimbi engasabela ngama-ion e-cyanide futhi ivimbele inqubo yokukhipha igolide.

I-Adsorption ye-Gold Cyanide Complexes nge-Actiated Carbon

1. Impahla Ekhethiwe Ye-Adsorption Yekhabhoni Ecushiwe

Uma igolide selincibilikisiwe kusixazululo se-cyanide njengama-complexes, ikhabhoni ecushiwe yethulwa ku-pulp. Ikhabhoni ecushiwe inendawo enkulu kanye nesakhiwo esinezimbotshana, esivumela ukuthi ihehe futhi ibambelele kuma-golide e-cyanide complexes. Ama-micropores nama-mesopores ngaphakathi kwekhabhoni ecushiwe ahlinzeka ngezindawo eziningi zokukhangiswa. Izakhiwo zegolide ze-cyanide zidonswa kulezi zindawo ngokusebenzisa amandla ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa amandla e-van der Waals kanye nokusebenzisana kwe-electrostatic.

2. Indlela ye-Adsorption

Inqubo ye-adsorption ye-golden cyanide complexes ngekhabhoni ecushiwe yenzeka ngezinyathelo eziningi. Okokuqala, izinkimbinkimbi ezisesixazululweni ziya endaweni yekhabhoni ecushiwe ngenxa yomehluko ekugxiliseni kwazo phakathi kwesixazululo nendawo yekhabhoni. Uma sekungaphezulu, ama-complexes anamathela kumasayithi atholakalayo. Ukulingana kufinyelelwa lapho izinga lapho izakhiwo ezikhangiswayo zilingana nezinga okukhishwa ngalo. Ukuhlobana okuphezulu kwekhabhoni ecushiwe yezakhiwo zegolide ze-cyanide kunika amandla ukuhlukaniswa okusebenzayo kwegolide esixazululweni, kugxiliswe kulo ezinyathelweni zokuthola kabusha ezilandelayo.

I-Desorption kanye Nokutholwa Kwegolide Kusuka Kukhabhoni Esebenzayo

1. Inqubo Ye-Desorption

Ngemva kokuba ikhabhoni esebenzayo imunce i-gold cyanide complexes futhi igcwele igolide, igolide idinga ukususwa kukhabhoni ukuze iqhubeke nokucutshungulwa. Indlela evamile inqubo ye-Zadra. Kule ndlela, ikhabhoni elayishiwe iphathwa ngesisombululo esishisayo se -Sodium Cyanide kanye ne-sodium hydroxide. Ukushisa kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwesixazululo kuphula izibopho phakathi kwe-gold complexes kanye ne-activated carbon, okwenza igolide libuyiselwe esixazululweni.

2. Ukubuyiswa Kwegolide kusuka ku-Desorbed Solution

Uma igolide selibuyele esixazululweni, amasu amaningana angasetshenziswa ukulithola. Enye indlela ethandwayo i-electroplating, lapho amandla kagesi edlula ekhambini lokubeka igolide lensimbi ku-cathode. Enye indlela i-zinc precipitation. I-Zinc powder yengezwa esixazululweni, futhi ngokusabela kwe-redox, i-zinc isusa igolide endaweni yegolide ye-cyanide complex, okuvumela igolide elinciphile ukuba lihlukaniswe nesixazululo kusetshenziswa ukuhlungwa noma ezinye izindlela zokuhlukanisa.

Isiphetho

I-sodium cyanide iyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo ye-carbon-in-pulp yokukhishwa kwegolide. Ivumela ukuncibilika kwegolide kusuka ku-ore ngokwakha ama-complexes azinzile lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo kanye nezimo ze-pH ezilawulwayo. Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zokumuncwa yi-activated carbon, ukumuncwa kusuka ku-carbon, kanye nokubuyiselwa kwegolide konke kwakhelwe phezu kokusabela kokuqala okubandakanya i-sodium cyanide . Ukuqonda lezi zimiso kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokukhishwa kwegolide embonini yezimayini, ngenkathi futhi kuqinisekiswa ukuphepha okufanele kanye nokuphathwa kwemvelo ngenxa yemvelo enobuthi ye-sodium cyanide.