Izindlela Ezinhlanu Zokuthuthukisa Umthelela Wemfucumfucu Yegolide Yegolide

I-Heap leaching inezinqubo ezimbili: ukukhishwa kwe-cyanide kanye nokubuyiswa kwegolide kusixazululo segolide esikhulelwe. Izinga le i-cyanide ukuleaching kunomthelela ngqo empumelelweni yokucwiliswa kwenqwaba. Okulandelayo kwethula ngokuyinhloko izici ezinhlanu zendlela yokuthuthukisa umthelela wokukhishwa kwegolide ngokucwiliswa kwenqwaba.

1. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Granulation Technology

Ngesikhathi sokucwiliswa kwe-ore yegolide, ama-ore anobumba oluningi noma izinto ezicolisisiwe azifanele ukucwiliswa kwenqwaba eqondile futhi zidinga ukucutshungulwa kwangaphambili kwe-granulation ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukungena komoya kwenqwaba yensimbi. Ukucutshungulwa kwangaphambili kwe-granulation kungakhuphula izinga lokuvuzwa kwegolide futhi, ezimweni eziningi, kuthuthukise kakhulu izinga legolide lokucwiliswa. Kuye ngesimo, i-ore ingaba yi-granulated ngokugcwele, noma inhle kuphela - i-granulation enezinhlamvu noma ingxenye ingenziwa.

Isibonelo, ngo-1991. imayini yegolide e-Xinjiang, e-China, yenza inqwaba ye-granulation yesikali esikhulu kunazo zonke (amathani angu-24.000) okokuqala ngqa. Isikhathi sokucwilisa sifinyezwe ngezinsuku ezingama-35 uma siqhathaniswa nenqwaba yokucwiliswa kwenqwaba eqondile, futhi izinga lokuleaching lenyuka lisuka ku-49.69% laya ku-81.5%.

2. Ukuthuthukisa Ukuvuthwa Kwenqwaba Yensimbi Nesixazululo

I-Piling yingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokukhishwa kwenqwaba yegolide. Yonke inqwaba ye-ore kufanele ibe nokungeneka okufanayo ukuze kugwenywe umzila noma ukuvinjwa kwendawo. Ngakho-ke, kutuswa ukuthi kusetshenziswe imishini yokwakha inqwaba yensimbi entsha emise okwe-arc emise okwe-arc futhi wamukele inqubo yokugeleza "yokunqwabelanisa ngezigaba, ukuphambana - ukufutha, kanye ne-multi-stage counter - leaching yamanje". Bese, faka umoya enqwabeni ye-ore bese ubeka amapayipi okuqoqa uketshezi ukuze uthuthukise ukungena komoya kwenqwaba yensimbi kanye nomthelela wokuvuza.

Ngokuvamile, izisetshenziswa ezisiza ekungeneni komoyampilo kufanele zifakwe ngesikhathi sokunqwabelanisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukungena komoya kanye nezinga lokuvuza kwenqwaba.

Isibonelo, ku-leaching yenqwaba, izinti zezinkalankala, amashubhu e-bamboo, njll. Ngemva kokucwiliswa kwamanzi isikhathi esithile, lezi zinto ezigqitshiwe ziyakhishwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuvuza kwegolide. Noma, ngemva kokuvuza kwenqwaba isikhathi esithile, ukuqhuma kwendawo okuxekethile kwenziwa emanzini - izingxenye ezinqwabelene, ezingase zixegise inqwaba ye-ore futhi kuthuthukise ukungeneka.

Imiphumela yocwaningo evela ku-Hazen Research Institute e-United States ibonisa ukuthi ukwandisa okuqukethwe komoyampilo enqwabeni yensimbi ngeke nje kufinyeze umjikelezo wokucwiliswa cishe kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kodwa futhi kukhuphule izinga lokuvuza kwegolide.

3. Ukugcina Izinga Lokushisa Elifanelekile Leaching

Indlela ye-cyanidation inezidingo eziphezulu zokushisa. Ngakho-ke, ezimweni zezulu ezibandayo, isithiyo esikhulu sokunqwabelanisa i-leaching izinga lokushisa leaching. Lapho izinga lokushisa le-leaching lingaphansi kuka-10°C, izinga lokuncibilika kwegolide lizokwehla kakhulu. Ukweqa umkhawulo wokushisa nokwelula inkathi yokuvuza kwenqwaba, isixazululo sidinga ukushiswa ngaphambi kokuvuza bese sithunyelwa endumbini yensimbi.

Ezinye izimayini e-Canada zisebenzisa ukushisa okuyimfucuza ukushisa isisombululo, ngaleyo ndlela zelule isikhathi sokusebenza kwenqwaba. Imayini yegolide yase-Richmond Hill eSouth Dakota, e-USA, isebenzisa ukuchelela ngamaconsi kanye nokushisa - izinto zokumunca emzimbeni wenqwaba ukuze ithole ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo ubusika bonke.

4. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Drip Irrigation

Ukuchelela ngenkasa kanye nokunisela nge-drip izindlela ezimbili ezihlukene zokusabalalisa uketshezi enqubweni yokuvuza, zombili ezingaveza umphumela wokusabalalisa uketshezi olufanayo.

Kodwa-ke, inani le-leaching solvent endleleni yokufutha akulula ukulawula, izinga lokuvuza akulula ukwanda, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-cyanide encane - equkethe amaconsi amanzi afuthwe emoyeni kulula ukuyisakaza futhi ingcolise imvelo. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokwandisa izinga lokuvuza, indlela yokunisela ngamaconsi ingathathwa.

Izinzuzo ze-Drip Irrigation

• Ukuchelela ngamaconsi kungakhuphula okuqukethwe komoya esixazululweni, okungukuthi, okuqukethwe komoyampilo okubamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali kuyanda, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise umsebenzi wezulu legolide.

• Ukuchelela ngamaconsi kungalawula ngokunembile ukugcwala kwesisombululo se-cyanide futhi kunciphise ukulahleka kwe I-sodium cyanide emoyeni.

• Ukuchelela ngamaconsi kulula ukwengeza izinto zokulawula izinga lokushisa ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokwenyusa izinga lokushisa lenqwaba leaching chemical reaction.

• I-Drip irrigation inezinga eliphezulu lokuzishintshanisa, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu, kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphansi.

5. Ukusetshenziswa Kwezinsiza Zokuhlunga

Njengesengezo, i-leaching aid yengezwa ku-pulp ye-cyanide - leached. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungandisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-cyanide negolide; ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingaqeda noma yenza buthaka umthelela wezinto eziyingozi zokungcola ekucwilisweni kwegolide kwe-cyanide, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise umphumela wokuhlakazwa kanye nokucwiliswa kosizo lokucwiliswa kwegolide, ekugcineni kwehlise izindleko zokukhiqiza kanye nokwenza ngcono izinzuzo zezomnotho zamabhizinisi.

Izinsiza zokugezela ezijwayele ukungezwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokuvuza inqwaba zifaka ama-oxidants, ama-leaching agents athuthukisiwe, ama-wetting agents, njll.

• Ukwengeza umoya-mpilo - aqukethe ama-oxidants (i-H₂O₂, i-CaO₂, i-Na₂O₂, njll.) ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhishwa kwe-cyanide kungakhuphula "i-oksijini esebenzayo esebenzayo" ku-pulp, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise umphumela wokuvuza wensimbi yegolide.

• Ukwengeza inani elifanele le-ejenti yokumanzisa noma i-ejenti yokumanzisa ethuthukisiwe esixazululweni se-cyanide kusiza ekungeneni kwesisombululo se-cyanide futhi kuthuthukisa ukusabela phakathi kwesisombululo se-cyanide negolide elimboziwe.

6. Isiphetho

Lesi sihloko sidingida kakhulu inqubo yokukhishwa kwenqwaba yezimayini zegolide. Inqubo yokukhishwa kwenqwaba inezici zengqalasizinda elula, ukusebenza okulula, kanye nokuhlala endaweni eyongayo, okwamukelwa abanikazi abaningi bezimayini zegolide. Kodwa-ke, umphumela wokukhishwa kwegolide wenqubo yokucwilisa inqwaba uthintwa izici eziningi. Kunconywa ukuthi abanikazi bezimayini bakhe uhlelo oluphusile lwenqwaba ngokuklama kohlelo lwesayensi. Hlola bese ukhetha okokusebenza kwenqwaba efanele, futhi ukulungiswa kungenziwa ngokuya ngesimo sangempela sefekthri kubhekiselwa kulawa maphuzu amahlanu alandelayo:

• Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-granulation kuma-ore anamabanga amahle kakhulu noma okuqukethwe okuphezulu kobumba kanye nokungenwa kahle komoya.

• Ukuthuthukisa ukungeneka kwenqwaba yensimbi nesixazululo.

• Ukugcina izinga lokushisa elifanele leaching.

• Isicelo sokunisela nge-drip.

• Ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza zokuhlunga.

Uma unentshisekelo ngenqubo ye-heap leaching, sicela ushiye umlayezo ukuze uxhumane nathi noma uxhumane nensizakalo yethu yamakhasimende aku-inthanethi, futhi sizokuthinta ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.