Izinkambu zokufaka isicelo kanye nokubaluleka kwe-sodium cyanide

Isingeniso

I-Sodium cyanide (NaCN), i-powder emhlophe ekristalu, iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali enobuthi kakhulu kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu. Naphezu kobunjalo bayo bokubulala, idlala indima ebalulekile ezimbonini ezahlukene ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zamakhemikhali ezihlukile. Lesi sihloko sihlola izinkambu ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa kwe- sodium cyanide futhi siqokomisa ukubaluleka kwayo.

I-Cyanide Mining: Ukukhipha Izinsimbi Eziyigugu

IGold Cyanidation Process

I-Gold cyanidation, eyaziwa nangokuthi inqubo ye-cyanide, iyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhipheni igolide kuma-ore asezingeni eliphansi. Ngaphezu kwama-70% okusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide emhlabeni wonke kunikezelwe kule njongo. Kule nqubo, i-Sodium Cyanide isetshenziselwa ukuncibilikisa insimbi yegolide. Ngenxa yokusondelana okuqinile phakathi kwegolide ne-cyanide, igolide eliku-ore liyancibilika futhi lincibilike uma livezwa emoyeni, emoyeni nasemanzini. Le ndlela ivumela ukukhishwa kwegolide okuphumelelayo kuma-ore obekungeke kube lula ukuwacubungula, okunegalelo elikhulu ekutholakaleni kwegolide emhlabeni jikelele.

Isiliva kanye Nezinye Izinsimbi Eziyigugu

I-sodium cyanide ayinqunyelwe ekukhishweni kwegolide. Ibuye isetshenziswe ekukhishweni kwesiliva nezinye izinsimbi eziyigugu ku-ores yazo. Ngokwenza insimbi ezinzile - i-cyanide complexes, yenza kube lula ukuhlukaniswa kwalezi zinsimbi ezibalulekile edwaleni elibambayo. Lokhu kubalulekile embonini yezimayini njengoba kusiza ekwandiseni ukutholwa kwezinsimbi eziyigugu kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza komnotho kwemisebenzi yezimayini.

I-Chemical Feedstock: Izakhiwo Zokwakha Izinhlanganisela Zamakhemikhali

Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Cyanides ye-Inorganic

I-Sodium cyanide isebenza njengezinto eziyisisekelo zokusetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwama -cyanide ahlukahlukene angaphili . Ama-compounds afana ne-cyanuric chloride, i-cyanogen chloride, kanye nama-nitriles amaningi atholakala kuyo. Isibonelo, i-cyanuric chloride iyinto ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezibulala-zinambuzane, imithi yokubulala ukhula, kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-polymer. Amandla okukhiqiza la ma-Cyanides angaphili avela ku -Sodium cyanide akha isisekelo semikhiqizo eminingi yamakhemikhali engezansi.

I-Organic Synthesis

Ku-organic synthesis, i-cyanide, njenge-nucleophile eqinile, isetshenziselwa ukulungisa ama-nitriles. Ama-nitriles agcwele kumakhemikhali amaningi, kuhlanganise nemithi. Isibonelo esingokomfanekiso ukuhlanganiswa kwe-benzyl cyanide ngokusabela kwe-benzyl chloride ne-sodium cyanide. Lokhu kusabela kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kwezinhlanganisela eziningi zezinto eziphilayo, okugqamisa ukubaluleka kwe-sodium cyanide emkhakheni we-organic chemistry. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezidakamizwa eziningi, ama-flavour, namakha kuvame ukuncika ekusetshenzisweni kwama-nitriles alungiswe nge-sodium cyanide.

Electroplating: Ukuthuthukisa Metal Surfaces

Embonini ye-electroplating, i-sodium cyanide idlala indima ehlukahlukene. Uma isetshenziswa kuzixazululo ze-electroplating zezinsimbi ezifana nethusi, isiliva, i-cadmium, ne-zinc, yenza imisebenzi eminingana. Okokuqala, kunciphisa i-anodic polarization, iqinisekisa ukuqedwa okubushelelezi nokuqhubekayo kwe-anode. Lokhu kusiza ekugcineni ukugxila okuzinzile kwama-ion ensimbi kusixazululo se-plating. Okwesibili, kwandisa i-cathodic polarization, okubalulekile ekutholeni umfaniswano kanye nokunamathela kwensimbi enamathela ku-cathode. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide ku-electroplating kuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yensimbi eqeda ukumelana nokugqwala okuthuthukisiwe, ukubukeka, nokuqina. Lokhu kubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okubanzi, kusukela ekuhlobiseni kokuhlobisa kubucwebe nasezimpahleni zabathengi ukuya ekucwebeni okusebenzayo embonini yezimoto kanye ne-aerospace.

Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Niche

Ukuqina Kwensimbi

I-sodium cyanide isetshenziswa embonini yokuqinisa insimbi. Ezinqubweni ezithile zokwelashwa ngokushisa, ingasetshenziswa ukufaka i-Carbon ne-nitrogen ebusweni bezingxenye zensimbi. Le nqubo, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-cyaniding, ithuthukisa ubulukhuni bomphezulu kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka kwensimbi ngenkathi igcina ukuqina kwayo enkabeni. Izingxenye ezifana namagiya, ama-shaft, kanye nezinamathiselo zingaphathwa ngale ndlela ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwazo kanye nokuphila kwazo ekusetshenzisweni kwemishini.

Ukuqhafaza

Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zezolimo nezokugcina, i-sodium cyanide isetshenziswe njenge-fumigant. Ngenxa yekhono layo lokukhulula igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide, enobuthi ezinambuzaneni, ingasetshenziswa ukulawula izinambuzane, amagundane nezinye izinambuzane ezisanhlamvu ezigciniwe, ezinqolobaneni nasezindlini zokugcina izithombo. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekufutheni kulawulwa kakhulu ngenxa yobuthi bayo obudlulele kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona zemvelo nempilo.

Ukubaluleka kwe-Sodium Cyanide

Ukubaluleka kwe-sodium cyanide kulezi zimboni akukwazi ukweqiwa. Embonini yezimayini, yenza ukuthi kukhishwe izinsimbi eziyigugu ezibalulekile emnothweni womhlaba, imboni yobucwebe, kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. Embonini yamakhemikhali, isebenza njengesisekelo sokwakha izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali ezingenakubalwa ezisetshenziswa kwezemithi, amapulasitiki, amafayibha, neminye imikhiqizo eminingi yabathengi neyezimboni. E-electroplating, iqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kwezingubo zensimbi zekhwalithi ephezulu ezivikela futhi zithuthukise ukusebenza kwemikhiqizo yensimbi. Ngisho nasekusetshenzisweni kwayo kwe-niche njengokuqina kwensimbi nokufuthwa, inikeza izixazululo eziyingqayizivele okunzima ukuzishintsha ngamanye amakhemikhali.

Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuphatha, ukugcinwa, nokulahlwa kwe-sodium cyanide kumele kwenziwe ngokucophelela okukhulu ngenxa yobuthi bayo obukhulu. Imithetho eqinile yokuphepha nokuqeqeshwa okufanele kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe ubungozi obuhambisana naleli khemikhali. Naphezu kwezingozi, ukubaluleka kwayo ezinqubweni ezihlukahlukene zezimboni kuyenza ibe yikhemikhali enenani elikhulu kanye nokutadisha okuqhubekayo.