Izinkambu zokufaka isicelo kanye nokubaluleka kwe-sodium cyanide

Isingeniso

Sodium i-cyanide (I-NaCN), i-crystalline powder emhlophe, iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali enobuthi kakhulu kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu. Naphezu kwemvelo yayo ebulalayo, idlala indima ebalulekile ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zamakhemikhali eziyingqayizivele. Lesi sihloko sicubungula emikhakheni ehlukene yohlelo lokusebenza ye i-sodium cyanide futhi igqamisa ukubaluleka kwayo.

I-Cyanide Mining: Ukukhipha Izinsimbi Eziyigugu

IGold Cyanidation Process

I-Gold cyanidation, eyaziwa nangokuthi inqubo ye-cyanide, iyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu yokukhipha igolide kuma-ore wezinga eliphansi. Ngaphezulu kwe-70% yokusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide emhlabeni wonke kunikezelwe kule njongo. Kule nqubo, I-Sodium Cyanide isetshenziselwa ukuncibilikisa insimbi yegolide. Ngenxa yokuhlobana okunamandla phakathi kwegolide ne-cyanide, igolide elikwi-ore liyakhipha futhi lincibilike lapho lichayeka emoyeni, umoya-mpilo, namanzi. Le ndlela ivumela ukukhishwa ngempumelelo kwegolide ezinsimbini ezinsimbi ebezingeke zibe nomnotho ukuthi zicutshungulwe, okube nomthelela omkhulu ekutholakaleni kwegolide emhlabeni jikelele.

Isiliva kanye Nezinye Izinsimbi Eziyigugu

I-sodium cyanide ayinqunyelwe ekukhishweni kwegolide. Ibuye isetshenziswe ekukhishweni kwesiliva nezinye izinsimbi eziyigugu ku-ores yazo. Ngokwenza insimbi ezinzile - i-cyanide complexes, yenza kube lula ukuhlukaniswa kwalezi zinsimbi ezibalulekile edwaleni elibambayo. Lokhu kubalulekile embonini yezimayini njengoba kusiza ekwandiseni ukutholwa kwezinsimbi eziyigugu kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza komnotho kwemisebenzi yezimayini.

I-Chemical Feedstock: Izakhiwo Zokwakha Izinhlanganisela Zamakhemikhali

Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Cyanides ye-Inorganic

I-sodium cyanide isebenza njengezinto ezingavuthiwe eziyisisekelo zokukhiqizwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-inorganic ama-cyanides. Izithako ezifana ne-cyanuric chloride, i-cyanogen chloride, nama-nitriles amaningi atholakala kuyo. Isibonelo, i-cyanuric chloride iyingxenye ebalulekile yokukhiqiza izibulala-zinambuzane, izibulala-zinambuzane, nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zama-polymers. Ikhono lokukhiqiza lezi ezingaphili Ama-cyanides kusukela I-sodium cyanide yakha isisekelo sohlu olubanzi lwemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali asezansi nomfula.

I-Organic Synthesis

Ku-organic synthesis, i-cyanide, njenge-nucleophile eqinile, isetshenziselwa ukulungisa ama-nitriles. Ama-nitriles agcwele kumakhemikhali amaningi, kuhlanganise nemithi. Isibonelo esingokomfanekiso ukuhlanganiswa kwe-benzyl cyanide ngokusabela kwe-benzyl chloride ne-sodium cyanide. Lokhu kusabela kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kwezinhlanganisela eziningi zezinto eziphilayo, okugqamisa ukubaluleka kwe-sodium cyanide emkhakheni we-organic chemistry. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezidakamizwa eziningi, ama-flavour, namakha kuvame ukuncika ekusetshenzisweni kwama-nitriles alungiswe nge-sodium cyanide.

Electroplating: Ukuthuthukisa Metal Surfaces

Embonini ye-electroplating, i-sodium cyanide idlala indima ehlukahlukene. Uma isetshenziswa kuzixazululo ze-electroplating zezinsimbi ezifana nethusi, isiliva, i-cadmium, ne-zinc, yenza imisebenzi eminingana. Okokuqala, kunciphisa i-anodic polarization, iqinisekisa ukuqedwa okubushelelezi nokuqhubekayo kwe-anode. Lokhu kusiza ekugcineni ukugxila okuzinzile kwama-ion ensimbi kusixazululo se-plating. Okwesibili, kwandisa i-cathodic polarization, okubalulekile ekutholeni umfaniswano kanye nokunamathela kwensimbi enamathela ku-cathode. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide ku-electroplating kuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yensimbi eqeda ukumelana nokugqwala okuthuthukisiwe, ukubukeka, nokuqina. Lokhu kubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okubanzi, kusukela ekuhlobiseni kokuhlobisa kubucwebe nasezimpahleni zabathengi ukuya ekucwebeni okusebenzayo embonini yezimoto kanye ne-aerospace.

Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Niche

Ukuqina Kwensimbi

I-sodium cyanide isetshenziswa embonini yokuqinisa insimbi. Ezinqubweni ezithile zokwelapha ukushisa, ingasetshenziswa ukwethula I-Carbon kanye ne-nitrogen ebusweni bezingxenye zensimbi. Le nqubo, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-cyaniding, ithuthukisa ubulukhuni bomphezulu kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka kwensimbi ngenkathi igcina ukuqina kwayo enkabeni. Izingxenye ezifana namagiya, imiphini, kanye nezinamathiseli zingaphathwa ngale ndlela ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwazo kanye nokuphila kwazo ekusetshenzisweni kwemishini.

Ukuqhafaza

Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zezolimo nezokugcina, i-sodium cyanide isetshenziswe njenge-fumigant. Ngenxa yekhono layo lokukhulula igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide, enobuthi ezinambuzaneni, ingasetshenziswa ukulawula izinambuzane, amagundane nezinye izinambuzane ezisanhlamvu ezigciniwe, ezinqolobaneni nasezindlini zokugcina izithombo. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekufutheni kulawulwa kakhulu ngenxa yobuthi bayo obudlulele kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona zemvelo nempilo.

Ukubaluleka kwe-Sodium Cyanide

Ukubaluleka kwe-sodium cyanide kulezi zimboni akukwazi ukweqiwa. Embonini yezimayini, yenza ukuthi kukhishwe izinsimbi eziyigugu ezibalulekile emnothweni womhlaba, imboni yobucwebe, kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. Embonini yamakhemikhali, isebenza njengesisekelo sokwakha izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali ezingenakubalwa ezisetshenziswa kwezemithi, amapulasitiki, amafayibha, neminye imikhiqizo eminingi yabathengi neyezimboni. E-electroplating, iqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kwezingubo zensimbi zekhwalithi ephezulu ezivikela futhi zithuthukise ukusebenza kwemikhiqizo yensimbi. Ngisho nasekusetshenzisweni kwayo kwe-niche njengokuqina kwensimbi nokufuthwa, inikeza izixazululo eziyingqayizivele okunzima ukuzishintsha ngamanye amakhemikhali.

Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuphatha, ukugcinwa, nokulahlwa kwe-sodium cyanide kumele kwenziwe ngokucophelela okukhulu ngenxa yobuthi bayo obukhulu. Imithetho eqinile yokuphepha nokuqeqeshwa okufanele kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe ubungozi obuhambisana naleli khemikhali. Naphezu kwezingozi, ukubaluleka kwayo ezinqubweni ezihlukahlukene zezimboni kuyenza ibe yikhemikhali enenani elikhulu kanye nokutadisha okuqhubekayo.