Ama-reagents angu-20 Abaluleke Kakhulu Ekucutshungulweni Kwezimbiwa

Ukucubungula amaminerali kuhlanganisa izinqubo ezintathu: ukugeza, ukuchoboza, kanye nokuzuza. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokugxilisa izinsimbi ezibalulekile kusuka kuma-ore e-polymetallic asezingeni eliphansi kuya kuma-concentrates ezinga eliphezulu, izinhlobo ezahlukene zabaqoqi, ama-frother, ama-inhibitor, nama-flocculants kumele kufakwe. Iningi lalawa yizinto ezinobuthi neziyingozi, njenge- cyanides , ama-arsenide, ama-chromates, ama-alkyl xanthates ahlukahlukene, ama-phenols ashintshiwe, ama-aniline, ama-pyridines, ama-hydro Carbon s, ama-alkenes, ama-ether, ama-ketone, ama-aldehydes, ama-ester, njalo njalo. Lezi zinto zingangena emvelweni ngokukhipha amanzi angcolile okucubungula amaminerali noma ngamachibi asemuva, okuholela ekungcoleni kwesibili futhi kubangele umonakalo omkhulu emvelweni wemvelo. Ama-reagent okucubungula amaminerali ikakhulukazi abhekisela kubaqoqi, ama-frother, ama-inhibitor, ama-flocculants, ama-modifiers, kanye nama-extracting agents, ama-extractant matrix improvers, kanye nama-diluents asetshenziswa ku-hydrometallurgy, okubandakanya amakhulu ezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-inorganic noma ze-organic synthetic compounds.

Imaphi Ama-reagents Abaluleke Kakhulu Ekucutshungulweni Kwezimbiwa?

Phakathi kwezinto ezingu-68 ezingcolisayo ezisohlwini olumnyama lokulawula ukungcola eShayina, kufakwe ama-reagent angu-24 okucubungula amaminerali (kufaka phakathi i-arsenic, i-beryllium, i-cadmium, i-chromium, i -MERCURY , i-nickel, i-thallium, ithusi, i-lead, kanye nama-compound awo). Ama-chemical agents ayingozi emvelweni afaka phakathi ama-Cyanides , i-hydrogen sulfide, i-phosphine, ama-fluoride, ama-arsenides, ama-chromates, i-copper sulfate, i-zinc sulfate, i-carbon disulfide, ama-sulfite, ama-alkyl xanthates ahlukahlukene, ama-organophosphorus compounds, ama-fatty alcohols, ama-anilines, ama-pyridines, ama-hydrocarbons, ama-alkenes, ama-ethers, ama-ketones, ama-aldehydes, ama-esters, kanye nezinye izinto eziningi. Sikhethe ama-reagents angu-20 abaluleke kakhulu ukuze uwabhekisele kuwo. Ake sibheke!

I-Sodium Ethyl Xanthate

• Ifomula Yamamolekyuli: C2H5OCSSNa

• Izakhiwo: Impuphu ephuzi kancane (noma i-granule) enephunga elicasulayo, encibilikayo emanzini, utshwala, njll., ekwazi ukwakha izinto ezingancibiliki ngama-ion ensimbi njenge-cobalt, ithusi, kanye ne-nickel.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okuyinhloko: I-Sodium ethyl xanthate iyiqoqo elinokukhetha okuhle phakathi kwemikhiqizo yochungechunge lwe-xanthate. Ingasetshenziswa kabanzi ekuthambekeni okukhethekile kwama-ore e-sulfide athambile kalula noma ayinkimbinkimbi ezinsimbi ezingezona i-ferrous. Ingasetshenziswa futhi kanye nama-ejenti e-sulfide ekuthambekeni kwama-ore ethusi ne-lead oxide. Iphinde isetshenziswe njenge-ejenti yokupholisa eku-hydrometallurgy (isb., ukuhlanzwa kwe-zinc electrolyte) kanye ne-accelerator ye-vulcanization erabheni.

I-Sodium Isopropyl Xanthate

• Ifomula Yamamolekyuli: (CH3)2CHOCSSNa

• Izakhiwo: Impuphu ephuzi kancane (noma i-granule) enephunga elicasulayo, elincibilikayo emanzini.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okuyinhloko: I-sodium isopropyl xanthate inekhono lokuqoqwa eliqine kancane ekuntanteni kwama-sulfide ores ezinsimbi ezingezona i-ferrous kune-sodium ethyl xanthate. Isetshenziswa kakhulu njengesiqoqi sama-non-ferrous metal sulfide ores ahlukahlukene futhi ingasebenza njenge-precipitation agent ku-hydrometallurgy; isetshenziswa futhi njenge-vulcanization accelerator enjolobeni.

I-Sodium Butyl Xanthate (Potassium)

• Ifomula Yamamolekyuli: C4H9OCSSNa(K)

• Izakhiwo: Impuphu ephuzi kancane noma empunga-mhlophe (noma i-granule) enephunga elicasulayo, encibilikayo emanzini nasetshwaleni, ekwazi ukwakha izinhlanganisela ezingancibiliki ngama-ion ensimbi ahlukahlukene.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okuyinhloko: I-Sodium butyl xanthate (i-potassium) iyiqoqo elinamandla okuntanta futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuntantaneni okuxubile kwama-ore ahlukahlukene ensimbi angenayo i-ferrous. Le reagent ifaneleka kakhulu ekuntantaneni kwe-chalcopyrite, i-sphalerite, ne-pyrite. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ingasetshenziswa futhi ekuntantaneni okukhethekile kwama-ore ethusi e-sulfide avela kuma-ore ensimbi e-sulfide.

I-Sodium Isobutyl Xanthate (Potassium)

• Ifomula Yamamolekyuli: (CH3)2CHCH2OCSSNa(K)

• Izakhiwo: Impuphu ephuzi kancane (noma i-granule) enephunga elicasulayo, encibilika kalula emanzini, ekwazi ukwakha izinto ezingancibiliki ngama-ion ensimbi ahlukahlukene.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okuyinhloko: I-sodium isobutyl xanthate (i-potassium) nayo iyiqoqo elinamandla ekuntanteni kwama-ore ahlukahlukene ensimbi angenayo i-ferrous. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuntanteni kwama-ore ethusi, i-lead, kanye ne-zinc sulfide, futhi ibonise ukusebenza kahle kuma-ore ahlukahlukene ethusi kanye ne-pyrite antantayo ngokwemvelo.

Sodium Isopentyl Xanthate

• Ifomula Yamamolekyuli: (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OCSSNa

• Izakhiwo: Impuphu ephuzi enephunga elicasulayo, encibilikayo emanzini.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okuyinhloko: I-Sodium isopentyl xanthate iyiqoqo eliqinile elisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuntanteni kwama-ore ensimbi angenawo u-ferrous adinga amandla amakhulu okuqoqa kodwa hhayi ukukhetha. Isibonelo, iyiqoqo elihle kakhulu lama-ore e-sulfide axutshwe noma ama-ore ethusi ne-lead axutshwe (ngemuva kokufaka i-sulfide nge-sodium sulfide noma i-sodium hydrosulfide). Le reagent ingaphinde ifinyelele ukuhlukaniswa okuhle ekuntanteni kwama-ore e-copper-nickel sulfide kanye ne-pyrite equkethe igolide.

I-Sodium Pentyl Xanthate (Potassium)

• Ifomula Yamamolekyuli: C5H11OCSSNa(K)

• Izakhiwo: Impuphu ephuzi kancane noma empunga-emhlophe (noma i-granule) enephunga elicasulayo, encibilikayo emanzini.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okuyinhloko: I-Sodium pentyl xanthate (i-potassium) iyiqoqo eliqinile elisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuntanteni kwama-ore ensimbi angewona i-ferrous adinga amandla amakhulu okuqoqa kodwa hhayi ukukhetha. Isibonelo, isebenza njengomqoqi omuhle kakhulu wama-ore e-sulfide axutshwe noma ama-ore ethusi ne-lead axutshwe (ngemuva kokufaka i-sulfide nge-sodium sulfide noma i-sodium hydrosulfide). Ingaphinde ifinyelele ukuhlukaniswa okuhle ekuntanteni kwama-ore e-copper-nickel sulfide kanye ne-pyrite equkethe igolide.

No. 25 Isidakamizwa Esimnyama

• Ingxenye Eyinhloko: I-Dimethylphenol Disulfide

• Ifomula Yamamolekyuli: (C7H7O)2PSSH

• Izakhiwo: Uketshezi olunamafutha olunsundu ngokumnyama olunephunga elicasulayo kanye nokubola; luyavutha, luncibilika kancane emanzini.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okuyinhloko: Umuthi omnyama onguNombolo 25 unezakhiwo zokuqoqa kanye nokukhipha igwebu. Ungumqoqi osebenzayo wama-ore e-sulfide e-lead, ithusi, nesiliva, ovame ukusetshenziswa ekuhlukaniseni i-lead ne-zinc ngokuthanda. Le reagent inekhono lokuqoqa elibuthakathaka le-pyrite kanye namanye ama-ore e-sulfide kumasekethe e-alkaline, kodwa ungumqoqi oqinile ongakhethi wonke ama-ore e-sulfide kuma-media angathathi hlangothi noma ane-acidic. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, unekhono elithile lokuqoqa ama-ore e-heavy metal oxide. Njengoba le reagent incibilika kancane emanzini, kumele ifakwe ngesimo sayo sokuqala ethangini lokulungisa noma emshinini wokugaya ibhola.

I-Sodium Butyl Black Drug

• Isakhi Esiyinhloko: I-Dibutyl Disulfide Sodium

• Ifomula Yamamolekyuli: (C4H9O)2PSSNa

• Izakhiwo: Isixazululo samanzi esiphuzi ngokunsundu esingenaphunga elicasulayo kanye nezakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezizinzile.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okuyinhloko: Umuthi omnyama we-sodium butyl ungumqoqi osebenzayo wegolide kanye ne-sulfide ores yesiliva, ithusi, kanye ne-zinc. Unekhono lokuqoqa elibuthakathaka le-pyrite kumasekethe e-alkaline. Le reagent ibonisa izakhiwo ezibuthakathaka kakhulu zokukhipha igwebu.

I-Sodium No. 25 Isidakamizwa Esimnyama

• Ingxenye Eyinhloko: I-Dimethylphenol Disulfide Sodium

• Ifomula Yamamolekyuli: (C7H7O)2PSSNa

• Izakhiwo: Isixazululo samanzi esinsundu noma esimnyama, esingenaphunga.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okuyinhloko: Umuthi omnyama we-Sodium No. 25 ungumqoqi osebenzayo we-ores zethusi ne-lead sulfide. Ngenxa yekhono lawo lokuqoqa elibuthakathaka le-ores ze-zinc sulfide, uvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlukaniswa okukhethekile kwe-ores zethusi ne-lead sulfide kusuka kuma-ores e-zinc sulfide. Le reagent ingangezwa ngqo kwisekethe yokuntanta.

I-Ammonium Butyl Black Isidakamizwa

• Isakhi Esiyinhloko: I-Dibutyl Disulfide Ammonium

• Ifomula Yamamolekyuli: (C4H9O)2PSSNH4

• Izakhiwo: Impuphu emhlophe kuya kokumpunga-emhlophe engenakho ukunambitheka, ithambile emoyeni, incibilika emanzini, futhi izinzile ngamakhemikhali.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okuyinhloko: Umuthi omnyama we-Ammonium butyl ungumqoqi omuhle kakhulu futhi ukhipha i-foam yama-ore ensimbi angenayo i-ferrous. Unekhono elikhethekile lokuhlukanisa ama-ore e-sulfide ethusi, i-lead, isiliva, ne-zinc, kanye nama-ore e-polymetallic ayinkimbinkimbi. Unamandla okuqoqa abuthakathaka e-pyrite kanye ne-magnetic pyrite ku-pulp ye-alkaline ebuthakathaka kodwa ikhono eliqinile lokuqoqa i-galena. Ungasetshenziswa futhi ekuntanteni kwama-ore e-nickel kanye ne-antimony sulfide, osebenza kahle kakhulu kuma-ore e-nickel sulfide okunzima ukuwakhetha, ama-ore e-nickel axubile e-sulfide-oxidized, kanye nama-middlings ama-ore e-sulfide kanye ne-gangue. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa umuthi omnyama we-ammonium butyl kuyasiza ekubuyiselweni kwe-platinum, igolide, nesiliva.

I-Ethylthioamine (SN-9#)

• Isakhi Esiyinhloko: I-N,N-Diethyl Dithiocarbamate Sodium

• Ifomula Yamamolekyuli: (C2H5)2NCSSNa·3H2O

• Izakhiwo: Ikristalu elimhlophe kuya kompunga-elimhlophe elingenaphunga elicasulayo, elincibilika kalula emanzini. Le reagent ibola ibe yi-carbon disulfide, i-diethylamine, njll., uma ikhona

• ukushisa noma i-asidi.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okuyinhloko: I-Ethylthioamine (SN-9#) isetshenziswa kakhulu njengesiqoqi sama-ore ensimbi angewona awensimbi. Ibonisa ikhono eliqinile lokuqoqa ama-ore ethusi, i-lead, i-zinc, kanye ne-nickel sulfide. Le reagent isebenza kahle kakhulu ekuntanteni kwama-ore ayinkimbinkimbi futhi iye yasetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yokucubungula amaminerali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingasiza ekuthuthukiseni amazinga okubuyisa izinsimbi ezinqubweni zokuntanteni.

I-Flotation Frothers

I-Frothers idlala indima ebalulekile ekucutshungulweni kwezimbiwa ngokwenza lula ukwakheka kwamagwebu azinzile avumela ukuhlukaniswa okukhethekile kwamaminerali abalulekile. Izinhlobo ze-flotation ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa:

• I-Methyl Isobutyl Carbinol (MIBC)

• Izakhiwo: Uketshezi olungenambala, oluvuthayo olunephunga elihlukile, olungancibiliki emanzini.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okuyinhloko: I-MIBC isetshenziswa kabanzi njenge-frother ekuntanteni kwama-ore ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ithusi, igolide, kanye ne-nickel. Ithuthukisa ukuqina kwama-froth, ithuthukise amazinga okubuyiselwa kwamaminerali adingekayo.

• I-Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether

• Izakhiwo: Uketshezi olungenambala olunephunga elincane, oluncibilikayo emanzini nasezincibilikisini eziphilayo.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okuyinhloko: Lokhu kuphotha kuyasebenza ekuthuthukiseni izakhiwo zokuphotha zezinqubo zokuflotha, ikakhulukazi kuma-ore e-sulfide. Kusiza ekudaleni iphotha elizinzile elivumela ukuhlukaniswa okungcono kwamaminerali abalulekile.

• I-Polyglycol Ether

• Izakhiwo: Uketshezi oluqinile oluncibilikayo emanzini futhi olunobuthi obuphansi.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okuyinhloko: I-Polyglycol ether isebenza njenge-frother futhi ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuntanta kwamaminerali ahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ekuntantaneni kwezinhlayiya ezincane nezincane kakhulu.

Ama-inhibitors

Ama-inhibitors ama-chemical agents avimbela ngokukhetha ukuntanta kwamaminerali athile. Zibalulekile ekulawuleni ukukhetha nokusebenza kahle kwezinqubo zokuntanta. Ama-inhibitors ajwayelekile afaka:

• I-Sodium Cyanide

• Izakhiwo: I-crystalline eqinile emhlophe, encibilika kakhulu emanzini, futhi enobuthi obukhulu.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okuyinhloko: I-Sodium cyanide isetshenziswa kakhulu ukucindezela amaminerali angafuneki ngesikhathi sokuntanta, okuvumela ukubuyiswa okukhethekile kwezinsimbi eziyigugu, ikakhulukazi igolide nesiliva. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekucubungulweni kwegolide, ikakhulukazi enqubweni yokususa i-cyanidation.

• ISodium Sulfide

• Izakhiwo: Okuqinile okumhlophe kuya kokuphuzi, okuncibilikayo emanzini, okunephunga elimnandi.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okuyinhloko: I-Sodium sulfide ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-ion athile ensimbi asebenze futhi icindezele amanye enkambisweni yokuntanta. Isebenza kahle kakhulu ekuntantaneni kwama-ore axubile, njengalawo aqukethe ithusi kanye ne-lead.

• I-Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC)

• Izakhiwo: Impuphu emhlophe encibilikayo emanzini, engenabo ubuthi, futhi ebolayo.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okuyinhloko: I-CMC iyi-polymeric inhibitor esebenzayo esetshenziswa ekuntanteni kwamaminerali ahlukahlukene. Isiza ukulawula ukukhetha kwenqubo yokuntanteni ngokuvimbela ukuntanteni kwamaminerali athile e-gangue.

Ama-Flocculants

Ama-flocculants asetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukuhlanzwa kanye nokukhipha amanzi amaminerali nama-tailings. Ama-flocculants ajwayelekile afaka:

• I-Polyacrylamide

• Izakhiwo: Impuphu emhlophe kuya ephuzi encibilika kakhulu emanzini, ayinabo ubuthi.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okuyinhloko: I-Polyacrylamide isetshenziswa kabanzi njenge-flocculant ekucubungulweni kwamaminerali ukuthuthukisa amazinga okuhlala kwama-slurries nokuthuthukisa ukumuncwa kwamanzi kwama-tailings.

• I-Aluminium Sulfate

• Izakhiwo: I-crystalline eqinile emhlophe encibilikayo emanzini.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okuyinhloko: I-aluminium sulfate ivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-coagulant kanye ne-flocculant ekucutshungulweni kwamaminerali ukusiza ekucwebezelweni nasekuqineni kwama-slurries.