Ama-reagents angu-20 Abaluleke Kakhulu Ekucutshungulweni Kwezimbiwa

Ukucutshungulwa kwamaminerali kuhlanganisa izinqubo ezintathu: ukuwasha, ukuchotshozwa, kanye nokuzuza. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokugxilisa izinsimbi ezibalulekile kusukela ku-low-grade, ores polymetallic kuya ekugxilweni kwezinga eliphezulu, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zabaqoqi, ama-frothers, ama-inhibitor, nama-flocculants kufanele kwengezwe. Eziningi zazo ziyizinto ezinobuthi neziyingozi, njenge ama-cyanides, ama-arsenide, ama-chromates, ama-alkyl xanthates ahlukahlukene, ama-phenols ashintshiwe, ama-aniline, ama-pyridines, i-hydroI-Carbonama-s, ama-alkenes, ama-ether, ama-ketone, ama-aldehyde, ama-ester, njalo njalo. Lezi zinto zingangena emvelweni ngokukhishwa kwamanzi amdaka okucubungula amaminerali noma ngamachibi asemuva, okuholela ekungcoleni kwesibili futhi kubangele umonakalo omkhulu emvelweni wemvelo. Ama-reagent okucubungula amaminerali ikakhulukazi abhekisela kubaqoqi, ama-frother, ama-inhibitor, ama-flocculant, ama-modifiers, kanye nama-extracting agents, ama-extractant matrix improvers, kanye nama-diluents asetshenziswa ku-hydrometallurgy, okubandakanya amakhulu ezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-inorganic noma ze-organic synthetic compounds.

Imaphi Ama-reagents Abaluleke Kakhulu Ekucutshungulweni Kwezimbiwa?

Phakathi kwezinto ezingcolisayo ezingama-68 ezisohlwini olubalulekile lwaseShayina olulawula ukungcola, ama-reagents okucubungula amaminerali angama-24 afakiwe (okuhlanganisa i-arsenic, i-beryllium, i-cadmium, i-chromium, IMERCURY, i-nickel, i-thallium, ithusi, i-lead, nezinhlanganisela zayo). Ama-Chemical agents ayingozi emvelweni ahlanganisa Ama-cyanides, i-hydrogen sulfide, i-phosphine, i-fluorides, i-arsenides, i-chromates, i-copper sulfate, i-zinc sulfate, i-carbon disulfide, i-sulfite, i-alkyl xanthate ehlukahlukene, ama-organophosphorus compounds, ama-alcohol anamafutha, ama-anilines, ama-pyridines, ama-hydrocarbon, ama-alkenes, ama-ethers, i-aldehys, i-ketones, i-aldehys, i-aldehys, i-ethers, i-ketones, i-aldehys, i-aldehys, i-ethers, i-ketones, i-aldehys, i-aldehys, i-ethers, i-ketones, i-aldehys, i-ethers, i-ketones, i-aldehys nezinye izinto. Sikhethe ama-reagents angama-20 abaluleke kakhulu esithenjwa sakho. Ake sibheke!

I-Sodium Ethyl Xanthate

• Formula Yamamolekhula: C2H5OCSSNa

• Properties: Impushana ephuzi ekhanyayo (noma i-granule) enephunga elicasulayo, encibilika emanzini, utshwala, njll., ekwazi ukwenza izinhlanganisela ezingancibiliki ngama-ion ensimbi njenge-cobalt, ithusi, ne-nickel.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okusemqoka: I-sodium ethyl xanthate ingumqoqi onokukhetha okuhle phakathi kwemikhiqizo yochungechunge lwe-xanthate. Ingasetshenziselwa kabanzi ukuntanta okukhethekile kwezinsimbi ze-sulfide ezintanta kalula noma eziyinkimbinkimbi zezinsimbi ezingenayo ayoni. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ngokubambisana nama-sulfide agents ekuntanteni insimbi yethusi ne-lead oxide ores. Iphinde isetshenziswe njenge-ejenti yemvula ku-hydrometallurgy (isb, ukuhlanzwa kwe-zinc electrolyte) nanjenge-accelerator ye-vulcanization ku-raber.

I-Sodium Isopropyl Xanthate

• Formula Yamamolekhula: (CH3)2CHOCSSSNa

• Properties: Impushana ephuzi ekhanyayo (noma i-granule) enephunga elicasulayo, encibilika emanzini.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okusemqoka: I-sodium isopropyl xanthate inekhono lokuqoqa elinamandla kancane ekuntanteni kwezinsimbi ze-sulfide ezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi kune-sodium ethyl xanthate. Isetshenziswa kakhulu njengomqoqi wezinsimbi ze-non-ferrous metal sulfide ores futhi ingasebenza njenge-ejenti yemvula ku-hydrometallurgy; ibuye isetshenziswe njenge-accelerator ye-vulcanization ku-raber.

I-Sodium Butyl Xanthate (Potassium)

• Formula Yamamolekhula: I-C4H9OCSSNa(K)

• Properties: Impushana ekhanyayo ephuzi noma empunga-emhlophe (noma i-granule) enephunga elicasulayo, encibilika emanzini nasetshwaleni, ekwazi ukwenza izinhlanganisela ezingancibiliki ngama-ion ensimbi ahlukahlukene.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okusemqoka: I-sodium butyl xanthate (i-potassium) ingumqoqi onamandla okuntanta aqinile futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuntanteni okuxubile kwezinsimbi ze-non-ferrous metal sulfide. Le reagent ifaneleka ngokukhethekile ukuntanta kwe-chalcopyrite, sphalerite, ne-pyrite. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ingaphinda isetshenziselwe ukuntanta okukhethekile kwe-sulfide ores yethusi kusuka ku-iron sulfide ores.

I-Sodium Isobutyl Xanthate (Potassium)

• Formula Yamamolekhula: (CH3)2CHCH2OCSSNa(K)

• Properties: Impushana ephuzi ekhanyayo (noma i-granule) enephunga elicasulayo, encibilika kalula emanzini, ekwazi ukwenza izinhlanganisela ezingancibiliki ngama-ion ensimbi ahlukahlukene.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okusemqoka: I-sodium isobutyl xanthate (i-potassium) iphinde ibe ngumqoqi oqinile ekuntanteni kwama-ore e-non-ferrous metal sulfide ores. Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuntanta kwensimbi yethusi, i-lead, ne-zinc sulfide ores, futhi ibonise ukusebenza kahle ekuntanteni ngokwemvelo ama-copper ahlukahlukene nama-pyrite.

Sodium Isopentyl Xanthate

• Formula Yamamolekhula: (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OCSSNa

• Properties: Impushana ephuzi enephunga elibi, encibilika emanzini.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okusemqoka: I-sodium isopentyl xanthate ingumqoqi oqinile osetshenziswa kakhulu ekuntanteni kwezinsimbi zensimbi ezingenayo ayoni ezidinga amandla aqinile wokuqoqwa kodwa hhayi ukukhetha. Isibonelo, ingumqoqi omuhle kakhulu wezinsimbi ze-sulfide oxidized noma ithusi eline-oxidized kanye ne-lead ores (ngemuva kwe-sulfiding ne-sodium sulfide noma i-sodium hydrosulfide). Lesi sici singase futhi sifinyelele ukuhlukana okuhle ekuntanteni kwe-copper-nickel sulfide ores kanye ne-pyrite enegolide.

I-Sodium Pentyl Xanthate (Potassium)

• Formula Yamamolekhula: I-C5H11OCSSNa(K)

• Properties: Impushana ephuzi noma empunga-mhlophe (noma igranule) enephunga elicasulayo, encibilika emanzini.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okusemqoka: I-sodium pentyl xanthate (i-potassium) ingumqoqi oqinile osetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ekuntanteni kwezinsimbi zensimbi ezingenayo ayoni ezidinga amandla aqinile wokuqoqwa kodwa hhayi ukukhetha. Isibonelo, isebenza njengomqoqi omuhle kakhulu wezinsimbi ze-sulfide oxidized noma ithusi eline-oxidized kanye ne-lead ores (ngemuva kwe-sulfiding ne-sodium sulfide noma i-sodium hydrosulfide). Ingakwazi futhi ukufeza ukuhlukana okuhle ekuntanteni kwe-copper-nickel sulfide ores kanye ne-pyrite equkethe igolide.

No. 25 Isidakamizwa Esimnyama

• Ingxenye Eyinhloko: I-Dimethylphenol Disulfide

• Formula Yamamolekhula: (C7H7O)2PSSH

• Properties: Uketshezi olunamafutha ansundu-mnyama olunephunga elicasulayo kanye nokugqwala; iyavutha, inyibilika kancane emanzini.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okusemqoka: Isidakamizwa esimnyama esingu-25 sinakho kokubili ukuqoqa nokukhipha amagwebu. Ingumqoqi osebenzayo wezinsimbi ze-sulfide zomthofu, ithusi, nesiliva, ezivame ukusetshenziswa ekuhlukaniseni okukhethekile kokuntanta komthofu nezinc. Lesi sikhumbuzi sinekhono lokuqoqa elibuthakathaka le-pyrite namanye ama-sulfide ores kumasekhethi e-alkaline, kodwa singumqoqi oqinile ongakhethi wawo wonke ama-sulfide ores kumidiya engathathi hlangothi noma ene-acidic. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, iphinde ibe nekhono elithile lokuqoqa ama-ores ensimbi esindayo. Njengoba lesi siphehli sincibilika kancane emanzini, kufanele sengezwe ngendlela yaso yokuqala ethangini le-conditioning noma kumshini wokugaya ibhola.

I-Sodium Butyl Black Drug

• Ingxenye Eyinhloko: I-Dibutyl Disulfide Sodium

• Formula Yamamolekhula: (C4H9O)2PSSNa

• Properties: Isixazululo samanzi esiphuzi ngokunsundu esingenaphunga elicasulayo kanye nezakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezizinzile.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okusemqoka: Isidakamizwa esimnyama se-sodium butyl singumqoqi osebenzayo wezinsimbi zegolide kanye ne-sulfide ores yesiliva, ithusi, ne-zinc. Inekhono lokuqoqa elibuthakathaka le-pyrite kumasekhethi e-alkaline. Le reagent ibonisa kuphela izakhiwo ezintekenteke kakhulu ezinegwebu.

I-Sodium No. 25 Isidakamizwa Esimnyama

• Ingxenye Eyinhloko: I-Dimethylphenol Disulfide Sodium

• Formula Yamamolekhula: (C7H7O)2PSSNa

• Properties: Isixazululo esinamanzi esinsundu ngokujulile noma esimnyama, esingenaphunga.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okusemqoka: Isidakamizwa esimnyama se-Sodium No. 25 singumqoqi osebenzayo we-copper kanye ne-lead sulfide ores. Ngenxa yekhono layo lokuqoqa elibuthaka lezinsimbi ze-zinc sulfide, imvamisa isetshenziselwa ukuntanta okukhethekile kokuhlukanisa i-copper kanye ne-lead sulfide ores evela ku-zinc sulfide ores. Lesi sici singafakwa ngokuqondile kumjikelezo we-flotation.

I-Ammonium Butyl Black Isidakamizwa

• Ingxenye Eyinhloko: I-Dibutyl Disulfide Ammonium

• Formula Yamamolekhula: (C4H9O)2PSSNH4

• Properties: Impushana emhlophe ukuya kokumpunga-okumhlophe engenakunambitheka, iphunga elibi emoyeni, elincibilika emanzini, futhi elizinzile ngokwamakhemikhali.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okusemqoka: Isidakamizwa esimnyama se-Ammonium butyl singumqoqi omuhle kakhulu futhi esinezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi. Inekhono elikhethekile lokuhlukanisa i-sulfide ores yethusi, i-lead, isiliva, ne-zinc, kanye ne-polymetallic ores eyinkimbinkimbi. Inomsebenzi wokuqoqa obuthakathaka we-pyrite ne-magnetic pyrite ku-pulp ye-alkaline ebuthaka kodwa ikhono eliqinile lokuqoqa le-galena. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ekuntanteni kwe-nickel kanye ne-antimony sulfide ores, esebenza kahle ikakhulukazi kuma-nickel sulfide ores okunzima ukuwakhetha, ama-nickel ores axutshwe ne-sulfide oxidized, kanye ne-middlings ye-sulfide ores kanye ne-ganggue. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa umuthi omnyama we-ammonium butyl kunenzuzo ekubuyiseni iplatinamu, igolide, nesiliva.

I-Ethylthioamine (SN-9#)

• Ingxenye Eyinhloko: N,N-Diethyl Dithiocarbamate Sodium

• Formula Yamamolekhula: (C2H5)2NCSSNa·3H2O

• Properties: Ikristalu elimhlophe ukuya kokumpunga elingenalo iphunga elicasulayo, elincibilika kalula emanzini. Lesi sikhumbuzi sibola sibe yi-carbon disulfide, i-diethylamine, njll., lapho kukhona

• ukushisa noma i-asidi.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okusemqoka: I-Ethylthioamine (SN-9#) isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko njengomqoqi wama-ore ensimbi angeyona ayoni. Ibonisa ikhono eliqinile lokuqoqa ithusi, i-lead, i-zinc, ne-nickel sulfide ores. Lesi sici sisebenza kahle kakhulu ekuntanteni kwe-ores eyinkimbinkimbi futhi samukelwe kabanzi embonini yokucubungula izimbiwa. Ukwengeza, kungasiza ukuthuthukisa amazinga okubuyisela ezinsimbi ezinqubweni zokuntanta.

I-Flotation Frothers

I-Frothers idlala indima ebalulekile ekucutshungulweni kwezimbiwa ngokwenza lula ukwakheka kwamagwebu azinzile avumela ukuhlukaniswa okukhethekile kwamaminerali abalulekile. Izinhlobo ze-flotation ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa:

• I-Methyl Isobutyl Carbinol (MIBC)

• Properties: Uketshezi olungenambala, oluvuthayo olunephunga eliyisici, olungancibiliki emanzini.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okusemqoka: I-MIBC isetshenziswa kabanzi njenge-frother ekuntanteni kwama-ore ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ithusi, igolide, ne-nickel. Ithuthukisa ukuzinza kwamagwebu, ithuthukise amazinga okubuyisela amaminerali adingekayo.

• I-Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether

• Properties: Uketshezi olungenambala olunephunga elipholile, oluncibilika emanzini nasezincibilikisini eziphilayo.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okusemqoka: Le ngxube iyasebenza ekwenyuseni igwebu lezinqubo ze-flotation, ikakhulukazi kuma-sulfide ores. Kuyasiza ukudala igwebu elizinzile elivumela ukuhlukaniswa okungcono kwamaminerali abalulekile.

• I-Polyglycol Ether

• Properties: Uketshezi lwe-viscous oluncibilika emanzini futhi olunobuthi obuphansi.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okusemqoka: I-Polyglycol ether isebenza njenge-frother futhi ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-flotation yamaminerali ahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ekuntanteni kwezinhlayiya ezinhle ne-ultrafine.

Ama-inhibitors

Ama-inhibitors ama-chemical agents avimbela ngokukhetha ukuntanta kwamaminerali athile. Zibalulekile ekulawuleni ukukhetha nokusebenza kahle kwezinqubo zokuntanta. Ama-inhibitors ajwayelekile afaka:

• I-Sodium Cyanide

• Properties: Ikristalu eqinile emhlophe, encibilika kakhulu emanzini, futhi inobuthi obukhulu.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okusemqoka: Sodium i-cyanide isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukucindezela amaminerali angafuneki ngesikhathi sokuntanta, okuvumela ukutholwa okukhethiwe kwezinsimbi ezibalulekile, ikakhulukazi igolide nesiliva. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekucutshungulweni kwegolide, ikakhulukazi kunqubo ye-cyanidation.

• ISodium Sulfide

• Properties: Okuqinile okumhlophe kuya kokuphuzi, okuncibilika emanzini, nephunga elimnandi.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okusemqoka: I-sodium sulfide ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-ion ensimbi athile asebenze futhi acindezele abanye kunqubo yokuntanta. Isebenza kahle kakhulu ekuntanteni kwama-ore ane-oxidized, njengalawo aqukethe ithusi nomthofu.

• I-Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC)

• Properties: Impushana emhlophe encibilika emanzini, engenabuthi, futhi ebolayo.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okusemqoka: I-CMC iyi-polymeric inhibitor esebenzayo esetshenziswa ekuntanteni kwamaminerali ahlukahlukene. Kuyasiza ukulawula ukukhethwa kwenqubo yokuntanta ngokuvimbela ukuntanta kwamaminerali athile e-ganggue.

Ama-Flocculants

Ama-flocculants asetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukuhlanzwa kanye nokukhipha amanzi amaminerali nama-tailings. Ama-flocculants ajwayelekile afaka:

• I-Polyacrylamide

• Properties: Impushana emhlophe ukuya kokuphuzi encibilika kakhulu emanzini, engenabuthi.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okusemqoka: I-Polyacrylamide isetshenziswa kabanzi njenge-flocculant ekucubunguleni izimbiwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe amazinga okuxazulula ama-slurries futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuchithwa kwe-tailings.

• I-Aluminium Sulfate

• Properties: Okuqinile okucwebezelayo okumhlophe okuncibilika emanzini.

• Ukusetshenziswa Okusemqoka: I-aluminium sulfate ivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-coagulant kanye ne-flocculant ekucubunguleni amaminerali ukusiza ekucaciseni nasekuqinisweni kwama-slurries.