Izingozi ze-Sodium Cyanide: Okufanele Ukwazi

Ngomhlaka-12 Agasti 2015, ukuqhuma kwenzeka endaweni yokugcina amakhemikhali ayingozi yeRuihai International Logistics Company eBinhai New Area eTianjin, eShayina. Lokhu kuqhuma kwabhalisa ubukhulu obungaba ngu-2.9 esikalini seNear Earthquake Magnitude (esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-ML), okulingana namathani angu-21 e-TNT. Ngokwezibalo, lokhu kuqhuma kwabangela umonakalo okungenani ezimotweni eziyi-10.000 eduze nendawo eyayiqala kuyo, futhi kusukela ngo-3 ntambama ngomhlaka-25 Agasti 2015, kwaholela ekufeni kwabantu abangu-135 okuqinisekisiwe, bonke asebetholakale. Njengoba abasebenzi abafanele beqhuba usesho olunzulu endaweni yengozi, kwatholakala ukuthi kwakukhona amathani angu-700 e- Sodium cyanide (NaCN) endaweni eyinhloko yokuqhuma, okuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-70 kunomkhawulo wokugcina ovunyelwe ngokomthetho wamakhemikhali ayingozi anjalo! Ukuvela ngokuzumayo kwenani elikhulu kangaka lamakhemikhali ayingozi kwaphakamisa ngokushesha ukukhathazeka phakathi kwamaqembu ahlukahlukene. Iyini i -Sodium Cyanide ? Isetshenziselwani i-sodium cyanide ? Abasebenzi abafanele kufanele babhekane kanjani nokungcola okubangelwa ukuqhuma kwe-sodium cyanide ? Yonke le mibuzo ibalulekile emphakathini.

Iyini i-sodium cyanide?

Ama-Cyanide aziwa njengenye yezinto ezinobuthi kakhulu, futhi ama-rodentcides amaningi anamandla aqukethe ama-cyanide . Sekuyisikhathi eside, ama-Cyanide ebhekwa ngumphakathi "njengenkosi yobuthi," ekwazi ukubangela ukufa lapho egwinywa. Umuntu othola umthamo omkhulu we-cyanide angalahlekelwa ingqondo futhi abhekane nokuma kwenhliziyo kungakapheli imizuzu emi-2-3, okuholela ekufeni okusheshayo. Ama-Cyanide aziwa kakhulu ngemiphumela yawo esheshayo nebulalayo. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II, umphathi webutho laseJalimane u-Erwin Rommel, owaziwa ngokuthi "i-Desert Fox" kanye "no-Eagle of the Empire," wathatha i-cyanide (i-potassium cyanide) ukuze azibulale.

I-sodium cyanide (i-NaCN) iwuhlobo lwe-cyanide, ebonakala njengezinhlamvana ezicwebezelayo ezimhlophe noma impushana enephunga le-alimondi elibabayo. Njengawo wonke ama-cyanide, i-sodium cyanide inobuthi obukhulu; ukuthintana namanxeba esikhumba, ukuhogela umoya, noma ukumunca ngisho nenani elincane (5% wethisipuni) kungaholela ebusheni obubulalayo be-cyanide. I-sodium cyanide ingabola lapho kukhona amanzi ngaphansi kwezimo ze-aerobic, ikhiqize amagesi anobuthi njenge-hydrogen cyanide (HCN) ne-carbon monoxide. Ingancibilikisa izinsimbi eziyigugu njengegolide nesiliva lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo, kwakheka amakhemikhali anobuthi obukhulu. Ukwengeza, i-sodium cyanide ingasabela ngobudlova nge-nitrate nama-nitrites, okungase kubangele ukuqhuma. Naphezu kobuthi bayo obesabekayo, izakhiwo eziyingqayizivele ze-sodium cyanide ziyenza ibe yimpahla eluhlaza eyisisekelo yamakhemikhali emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa imishini, i-electroplating, i-metallurgy, kanye nemithi.

Iyini ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide?

Ngokwabakhiqizi baleli qoqo le-sodium cyanide, amathani angama-700 atholakala endaweni ewumgogodla wokuqhuma wonke enzelwe ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle. Nokho, umuntu akanakuzibamba kodwa uyazibuza: i-sodium cyanide iyingozi kakhulu, ngakho kungani kunesidingo esikhulu kangaka sayo? Isetshenziselwani i-sodium cyanide? Eqinisweni, i-sodium cyanide isetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni zomhlaba wonke, kanti isicelo esiyinhloko sisezimayini zegolide. Uma kuziwa endabeni yokumbiwa kwegolide, abantu basengase bakuhlobanise nokuxhamazela kwegolide kwekhulu le-19 phakathi neNguquko Yezimboni, kodwa ukumbiwa kwegolide kwanamuhla kuye kwashintsha kakhulu kusukela esikhathini esidlule.

Abanye bangase bacabange ngokwemvelo ukuthi imayini yegolide kumelwe igcwaliswe ngegolide, kodwa iqiniso lihlukile: ngokwesilinganiso, kukhona cishe amagremu angu-4 kuphela egolide ethonini lensimbi yegolide. Ayikho imayini yegolide emhlabeni lapho igolide elihlanzekile (ama-nuggets egolide) lingakhishwa ngokuqondile; okumbiwayo kuwuthuli lwegolide olucolisekileyo olugxunyekwe edwaleni. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuyicwengisisa. Beqhutshwa ukufunwa kwemakethe okuqinile kanye nenzuzo ehehayo, abasebenzi basezimayini ngeke bawashaye indiva kalula amatshe anokuqukethwe kwegolide okuphansi njengo-0.005%. Ukuze kuzuzwe izinga eliphezulu lokuthola kabusha (ukukhipha igolide elengeziwe) kulawa ma-ores, ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokucwenga budlala indima ebalulekile, obunikeza isikhala esibalulekile sokusebenzisa i-sodium cyanide.

Ngokuvamile, inqubo yokucwenga igolide ihilela izinyathelo ezine: ukumba izimayini, ukugqoka insimbi, ukuncibilikisa, nokucwengisiswa. Imfihlo yokukhipha igolide isezigabeni zokuncibilikisa nokucwengisiswa. Ngemuva kokumba izimayini kanye nokugqoka kwe-ore, i-ore yegolide igaywa ibe yi-slurry, futhi inani elithile lama-reagents amakhemikhali liyengezwa ku-slurry. Ama-reagents amakhemikhali abe esesabela ngokushesha nge-slurry, okwenza ama-ion egolide anamathele ebusweni bamabhamuza odaka, okuholela kulokho okwaziwa ngokuthi "udaka lwegolide." Okulandelayo, ingxenye ethile yesisombululo se-sodium cyanide yengezwa odakeni lwegolide, futhi ngemva kokuncibilika kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, igolide lihlukaniswa ngomlingo kokunye ukungcola, libe yigolide elincibilikisiwe. Igolide elincibilikisiwe libe selivunyelwa ukuba liphole ngokwemvelo, futhi lingajikijelwa ezitini zegolide, imigoqo, noma ama-ingots, kuphothula yonke inqubo yokucwenga igolide. Ngakho, kusobala ukuthi i-sodium cyanide idlala indima ebalulekile ezinqubweni eziyinkimbinkimbi neziyinkimbinkimbi zokucwenga igolide, yingakho imboni yamakhemikhali isebenzisa kakhulu lekhemikhali eyingozi.

Incazelo yesithombe: Intuthu emnyama ewugqinsi eyaphuma ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwamakhemikhali ayingozi i-Tianjin Ruihai Logistics ngo-Agasti 12 imboza sonke isibhakabhaka.

Ungasabela kanjani futhi uphathe ukungcola kwe-sodium cyanide?

Njengamanje, abasebenzi abathintekayo babhekane namakhulu amathani e-sodium cyanide endaweni yengozi: baqhumise izingxenye eziveziwe futhi bafafaza i-hydrogen peroxide ukuze bayinciphise; ezindaweni ezinkulu zokuchitheka, baye bakhe udonga olungaphezu kwemitha elilodwa ukuphakama nomhlabathi noma isihlabathi ukuze luquke; imiphongolo esesimweni esikahle ibuyiselwe ngokushesha ezinkampanini ezifanele ukuze ziphathwe ngendlela efanele.

Bekunamahlebezi okuthi amagesi ashubile akhiqizwa ukuqhuma kwenqwaba ye-sodium cyanide endaweni yengozi izoba nobuthi obukhulu uma ihlangana namanzi, okuholele ekutheni kubhebhetheke ukwethuka kwezakhamizi ebezinxuswe ukuthi zigweme ukubanjwa yimvula. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi i-sodium cyanide ingakhiqiza igesi enobuthi kakhulu i-hydrogen cyanide lapho ihlangana ne-asidi, kodwa le gesi ilula kakhulu futhi izoncibilika ngokushesha emoyeni. Ngakho-ke, ngisho noma lina, asikho isidingo sokwethuka ngokweqile, njengoba ukugcwala kwe-hydrogen cyanide emanzini emvula kuyobe sekuncishisiwe kakade ngokuhlanjululwa emoyeni, okwenza kube nzima ukubangela umonakalo emzimbeni womuntu. Unjiniyela omkhulu we-Tianjin Environmental Protection Bureau e-China uphinde waveza ukuthi yonke imininingwane yokuqapha yomoya, amanzi, nomhlabathi endaweni ezungezile yengozi njengamanje iyahlangabezana nezindinganiso, futhi yonke imininingwane inembile futhi inokwethenjelwa. Unxuse izakhamizi ukuthi zibuyele emsebenzini wazo ojwayelekile kanye nempilo yazo ngokushesha. Izisebenzi ezifanele ziye zaphakamisa ukuthi, njengesinyathelo sokuzivikela, izakhamuzi zendawo kufanele zigweme ukuphuza emithonjeni yamanzi angcolile futhi ziqhelelane nendawo ye-sodium cyanide biotreatment kuze kube yilapho amagesi anobuthi esehlanjululwe ngokwanele emoyeni ukuze afinyelele izinga eliphephile ngaphambi kokungena.