Isayensi Edumile Ngamakhemikhali Ayingozi: I-Sodium Cyanide

1. Isingeniso se-Sodium Cyanide

I-Cubic crystal system, izinhlayiya ezimhlophe zekristalu noma impushana, kulula ukuyidla, nephunga elincanyana lama-alimondi ababayo. Ubuthi obuphezulu, ukuthintana namanxeba esikhumba, ukuhogela umoya, kanye nokumunca amanani amancane kungabangela ubuthi nokufa. Ifomula yekhemikhali i-NaCN, iphoyinti lokuncibilika elingu-563.7℃, iphoyinti lokubilisa elingu-1496℃. Incibilika kalula emanzini, i-hydrolyzed kalula ukuze yakhe i-hydrogen i-cyanide, isixazululo esinamanzi sine-alkaline kakhulu, isisekelo samakhemikhali abalulekile, asetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni kwamakhemikhali ayisisekelo, i-electroplating, i-metallurgy kanye ne-organic synthesis imithi, izibulala-zinambuzane kanye nokwelashwa kwensimbi. I-ejenti eyinkimbinkimbi, i-ejenti yokufihla.

2. Izinto ezibonakalayo

Iwuhlelo lwekristalu eyi-cubic, ama-granules amhlophe noma impushana, elula kalula, enephunga elimnandi le-alimondi elibabayo. Incibilika emanzini, ammonia, ethanol kanye ne-methanol.

3. Indaba yokusebenza

Vala uqinise, unikeze umoya owanele wendawo kanye nomoya omncane ovamile. Hlela futhi wenze okuzenzakalelayo ukusebenza ngangokunokwenzeka. Ama-operators kumele aqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile futhi alandele ngokuqinile izinqubo zokusebenza. Kunconywa ukuthi opharetha bagqoke izihlungi zothuli zomoya zohlobo lwehood zikagesi, izingubo zokulwa nobuthi ezinocezu olulodwa, namagilavu ​​enjoloba. Gwema ukukhiqiza uthuli. Gwema ukuthintana nama-oxidants nama-asidi. Layisha futhi wehlise ngobumnene ngesikhathi sokuthutha ukuze uvimbele ukulimala kokupakishwa neziqukathi. Hlomisa ngempahla yokwelapha eziphuthumayo evuzayo. Iziqukathi ezingenalutho zingaqukatha izinto eziyingozi.

4. Izingozi Zezempilo

Ivimbela ama-enzyme okuphefumula, okubangela i-intracellular asphyxiation. Ukuhogela, ukuphathwa ngomlomo noma ukumuncwa nge-percutaneous kungabangela ubuthi obunzima. Ukuphathwa ngomlomo kwe-50-100 mg kungabangela ukufa okungazelelwe. Ukufa okungazelelwe kuhlukaniswe ngokomtholampilo ngezigaba ze-4: isigaba se-prodromal sinokucasuka kwe-mucosal, ukuphefumula okuphuthumayo nokujula, ukukhathala, nekhanda; Ukuphatha ngomlomo kuba ndikindiki kwesihloko solimi nomlomo, njll. Isigaba se-dyspnea sine-dyspnea, umfutho wegazi owandayo, nesikhumba esibomvu esikhanyayo kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Isigaba sokudlikizela sinokudlikizeka, i-coma, nokwehluleka ukuphefumula. Isigaba sokukhubazeka sinokukhululeka kwemisipha yomzimba wonke, ukuma kokuphefumula nokushaya kwenhliziyo, nokufa. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ngamanani amancane e-cyanide kungabangela i-neurasthenia syndrome, ukucasuka kwamehlo nokucasuka kwendlela yokuphefumula ephezulu. Kungabangela ukuqubuka.

5. Impendulo Ephuthumayo

Hlukanisa indawo engcolile futhi ubeke umkhawulo ekufinyeleleni. Kunconywa ukuthi abasebenzi bezimo eziphuthumayo bagqoke izifihla-buso zothuli (amaski obuso obugcwele) kanye namasudi okulwa negesi. Ungathintani ngqo nezinto eziputshuziwe.

Ukuvuza okuncane: Gwema ukudala uthuli bese uqoqa ukuvuza esitsheni esomile, esihlanzekile esinefosholo elihlanzekile.

Ukuvuza okukhulu: Mboza ngephepha lepulasitiki noma ngendwangu, bese uqoqa ukuze ugaywe kabusha noma uthuthwe endaweni yokulahla imfucuza ukuze ulahlwe.

6. Izinyathelo zosizo lokuqala

Ukuthinta isikhumba: Khumula izingubo ezingcolile ngokushesha bese ugeza kahle ngamanzi ahambayo noma isixazululo esingu-5% se-sodium thiosulfate okungenani imizuzu engu-20. Funa usizo lwezokwelapha.

Ukuthintana kwamehlo: Phakamisa amajwabu amehlo ngokushesha bese ugeza kahle ngamanzi amaningi ahambayo noma usawoti omncane okungenani imizuzu eyi-15. Funa usizo lwezokwelapha.

Ukuhogela: Shiya indawo ngokushesha uye emoyeni omusha. Gcina indlela yokuphefumula ivuliwe. Uma ukuphefumula kunzima, nikeza umoya-mpilo. Uma ukuphefumula nokushaya kwenhliziyo kuyeka, yenza ukuphefumula okwenziwa masinyane (ungasebenzisi umlomo uye emlonyeni) kanye nokucindezelwa kwesifuba kwangaphandle. Nikeza i-amyl nitrite ehogeliwe futhi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha.

Ukungenisa: Phuza amanzi amaningi afudumele futhi ubangele ukuhlanza. Geza isisu nge-1:5000 potassium permanganate noma isisombululo se-sodium thiosulfate esingu-5%. Funa usizo lwezokwelapha.

7. Izinyathelo zokucisha umlilo

Indlela yokucisha umlilo: Lo mkhiqizo awushisi. Uma kwenzeka umlilo, zama ukusindisa umkhiqizo ukuze uvimbele ukupakishwa ukuthi kungonakali futhi kubangele ukungcola kwemvelo. Abacishi bomlilo kumele bagqoke imaski yegesi kanye nezingubo zomlilo zomzimba wonke bese becisha umlilo ngendlela yomoya ovunguzayo. I-ejenti yokucisha umlilo: impuphu eyomile, isihlabathi kanye nenhlabathi. Akuvunyelwe ukuyisebenzisa I-Carbon izinto zokucima umlilo ze-dioxide kanye ne-acid-base zokucima umlilo.

8. Isitoreji sibalulekile

Gcina endaweni yokugcina impahla epholile, eyomile, enomoya omuhle. Gcina kude nomlilo nemithombo yokushisa. Umswakama ohlobene endaweni yokugcina impahla akufanele udlule u-80%. Iphakheji kufanele ivalwe. Kufanele igcinwe ngokuhlukana nama-oxidants, ama-acids, namakhemikhali adliwayo, futhi akufanele ihlanganiswe. Indawo yokugcina kufanele ifakwe izinto ezifanele ukuze iqukathe ukuvuza. Uhlelo lokulawula "amapheya amahlanu" lwezinto ezinobuthi ngokwedlulele kufanele lusetshenziswe ngokuqinile.

9. Ulwazi Lwezokuthutha

Indlela yokupakisha: Faka ezikhwameni zepulasitiki, vala umlomo wesikhwama, bese ufaka emgqonyeni wensimbi oqinile onogqinsi olungekho ngaphansi kuka-0.75 mm. Isembozo somphongolo siboshwe ngokuqinile. Isisindo esinetha somphongolo ngamunye singama-50 kg; amabhodlela engilazi anentambo, amabhodlela engilazi anekepisi lensimbi, amabhodlela epulasitiki noma insimbi

Okungenhla ulwazi oluthile oluyisisekelo mayelana I-sodium cyanide. Sicela uyifunde ngokucophelela uma uyidinga.