Isayensi Edumile Ngamakhemikhali Ayingozi: I-Sodium Cyanide

1. Isingeniso se-Sodium Cyanide

Uhlelo lwekristalu oluyi-cubic, izinhlayiya ezimhlophe zekristalu noma i-powder, okulula ukuyikhipha, enephunga elincane lama-alimondi abuhlungu. Inobuthi obukhulu, ukuthintana namanxeba esikhumba, ukuhogela, kanye nokudla inani elincane kungabangela ubuthi nokufa. Ifomula yamakhemikhali yi-NaCN, iphuzu lokuncibilika elingu-563.7℃, iphuzu lokubila elingu-1496℃. Incibilika kalula emanzini, i-hydrolyzed kalula ukuze yakhe i-hydrogen cyanide , isixazululo samanzi si-alkaline kakhulu, into ebalulekile ebalulekile yamakhemikhali eluhlaza, esetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali okuyisisekelo, ekufakweni kwe-electroplating, ekwelashweni kwe-metallurgy kanye ne-organic synthesis, imithi yokubulala izinambuzane kanye nokwelashwa kwensimbi. I-complexing agent, i-masking agent.

2. Izinto ezibonakalayo

Iwuhlelo lwekristalu eyi-cubic, ama-granules amhlophe noma impushana, elula kalula, enephunga elimnandi le-alimondi elibabayo. Incibilika emanzini, ammonia, ethanol kanye ne-methanol.

3. Indaba yokusebenza

Vala uqinise, unikeze umoya owanele wendawo kanye nomoya omncane ovamile. Hlela futhi wenze okuzenzakalelayo ukusebenza ngangokunokwenzeka. Ama-operators kumele aqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile futhi alandele ngokuqinile izinqubo zokusebenza. Kunconywa ukuthi opharetha bagqoke izihlungi zothuli zomoya zohlobo lwehood zikagesi, izingubo zokulwa nobuthi ezinocezu olulodwa, namagilavu ​​enjoloba. Gwema ukukhiqiza uthuli. Gwema ukuthintana nama-oxidants nama-asidi. Layisha futhi wehlise ngobumnene ngesikhathi sokuthutha ukuze uvimbele ukulimala kokupakishwa neziqukathi. Hlomisa ngempahla yokwelapha eziphuthumayo evuzayo. Iziqukathi ezingenalutho zingaqukatha izinto eziyingozi.

4. Izingozi Zezempilo

Ivimbela ama-enzyme okuphefumula, okubangela i-intracellular asphyxiation. Ukuhogela, ukuphathwa ngomlomo noma ukumuncwa nge-percutaneous kungabangela ubuthi obunzima. Ukuphathwa ngomlomo kwe-50-100 mg kungabangela ukufa okungazelelwe. Ukufa okungazelelwe kuhlukaniswe ngokomtholampilo ngezigaba ze-4: isigaba se-prodromal sinokucasuka kwe-mucosal, ukuphefumula okuphuthumayo nokujula, ukukhathala, nekhanda; Ukuphatha ngomlomo kuba ndikindiki kwesihloko solimi nomlomo, njll. Isigaba se-dyspnea sine-dyspnea, umfutho wegazi owandayo, nesikhumba esibomvu esikhanyayo kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Isigaba sokudlikizela sinokudlikizeka, i-coma, nokwehluleka ukuphefumula. Isigaba sokukhubazeka sinokukhululeka kwemisipha yomzimba wonke, ukuma kokuphefumula nokushaya kwenhliziyo, nokufa. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ngamanani amancane e-cyanide kungabangela i-neurasthenia syndrome, ukucasuka kwamehlo nokucasuka kwendlela yokuphefumula ephezulu. Kungabangela ukuqubuka.

5. Impendulo Ephuthumayo

Hlukanisa indawo engcolile futhi ubeke umkhawulo ekufinyeleleni. Kunconywa ukuthi abasebenzi bezimo eziphuthumayo bagqoke izifihla-buso zothuli (amaski obuso obugcwele) kanye namasudi okulwa negesi. Ungathintani ngqo nezinto eziputshuziwe.

Ukuvuza okuncane: Gwema ukudala uthuli bese uqoqa ukuvuza esitsheni esomile, esihlanzekile esinefosholo elihlanzekile.

Ukuvuza okukhulu: Mboza ngephepha lepulasitiki noma ngendwangu, bese uqoqa ukuze ugaywe kabusha noma uthuthwe endaweni yokulahla imfucuza ukuze ulahlwe.

6. Izinyathelo zosizo lokuqala

Ukuthinta isikhumba: Khumula izingubo ezingcolile ngokushesha bese ugeza kahle ngamanzi ahambayo noma isixazululo esingu-5% se-sodium thiosulfate okungenani imizuzu engu-20. Funa usizo lwezokwelapha.

Ukuthintana kwamehlo: Phakamisa amajwabu amehlo ngokushesha bese ugeza kahle ngamanzi amaningi ahambayo noma usawoti omncane okungenani imizuzu eyi-15. Funa usizo lwezokwelapha.

Ukuhogela: Shiya indawo ngokushesha uye emoyeni omusha. Gcina indlela yokuphefumula ivuliwe. Uma ukuphefumula kunzima, nikeza umoya-mpilo. Uma ukuphefumula nokushaya kwenhliziyo kuyeka, yenza ukuphefumula okwenziwa masinyane (ungasebenzisi umlomo uye emlonyeni) kanye nokucindezelwa kwesifuba kwangaphandle. Nikeza i-amyl nitrite ehogeliwe futhi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha.

Ukungenisa: Phuza amanzi amaningi afudumele futhi ubangele ukuhlanza. Geza isisu nge-1:5000 potassium permanganate noma isisombululo se-sodium thiosulfate esingu-5%. Funa usizo lwezokwelapha.

7. Izinyathelo zokucisha umlilo

Indlela yokucisha umlilo: Lo mkhiqizo awushisi. Uma kwenzeka umlilo, zama ukusindisa umkhiqizo ukuze uvimbele ukuthi iphakethe lonakale futhi libangele ukungcola kwemvelo. Abacishi bomlilo kumele bagqoke izifihla-buso zegesi kanye nezingubo zomlilo ezisebenza ngomzimba wonke bese becisha umlilo ngendlela ebheke phezulu. I-ejenti yokucisha umlilo: impuphu eyomile, isihlabathi kanye nomhlabathi. Akuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa i-Carbon dioxide kanye ne-acid-base fire extinguisher ukucima umlilo.

8. Isitoreji sibalulekile

Gcina endaweni yokugcina impahla epholile, eyomile, enomoya omuhle. Gcina kude nomlilo nemithombo yokushisa. Umswakama ohlobene endaweni yokugcina impahla akufanele udlule u-80%. Iphakheji kufanele ivalwe. Kufanele igcinwe ngokuhlukana nama-oxidants, ama-acids, namakhemikhali adliwayo, futhi akufanele ihlanganiswe. Indawo yokugcina kufanele ifakwe izinto ezifanele ukuze iqukathe ukuvuza. Uhlelo lokulawula "amapheya amahlanu" lwezinto ezinobuthi ngokwedlulele kufanele lusetshenziswe ngokuqinile.

9. Ulwazi Lwezokuthutha

Indlela yokupakisha: Faka ezikhwameni zepulasitiki, vala umlomo wesikhwama, bese ufaka emgqonyeni wensimbi oqinile onogqinsi olungekho ngaphansi kuka-0.75 mm. Isembozo somphongolo siboshwe ngokuqinile. Isisindo esinetha somphongolo ngamunye singama-50 kg; amabhodlela engilazi anentambo, amabhodlela engilazi anekepisi lensimbi, amabhodlela epulasitiki noma insimbi

Lokhu okungenhla kunolwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana ne-Sodium cyanide . Sicela uyifunde ngokucophelela uma uyidinga.