Izinyathelo Zokuphepha Ezibalulekile Lapho Usebenza ne-Sodium Cyanide

I. Isingeniso

I-cyanide sodium, isakhi samakhemikhali anobuthi obukhulu, idinga ukubambelela ngokuqinile ezimisweni zokuphepha lapho iphathwa. Ngamandla ayo okubangela ukulimala okukhulu ngisho nokubeka izimpilo engozini, ukuqonda izinqubo ezifanele zokuphatha I-Sodium Cyanide kubaluleke kakhulu. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izinyathelo zokuphepha ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinyathelo okufanele zithathwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphathwa okuphephile kwale nto eyingozi.

II. Ukuqonda i-Sodium Cyanide

Sodium i-cyanide iyinhlanganisela ye-inorganic enefomula yamakhemikhali i-NaCN. Ivamise ukubonakala njengezinhlayiya ezimhlophe zekristalu noma impushana, ethambekele ekubeni nobudlabha. Inephunga elimnandi le-alimondi elibabayo. Lesi sakhi sincibilika kakhulu emanzini, futhi isisombululo saso esinamanzi sibonisa i-alkalinity enamandla. I-sodium cyanide iwumthombo wamakhemikhali ayisisekelo abalulekile, ithola ukusetshenziswa okubanzi emikhakheni efana nokuhlanganisa amakhemikhali ayisisekelo, i-electroplating, i-metallurgy, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-organic kwemithi nezibulala-zinambuzane. Isebenza njenge-ejenti eyinkimbinkimbi kanye ne-ejenti yokufihla, idlala indima ebalulekile ezinqubweni ezihlukahlukene zezimboni. Nokho, ngenxa yokweqisa kwayo Ubuthi, idinga izinga eliphezulu lokuqapha kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ngesikhathi sokuphatha.

III. Izinyathelo Zokuphepha Ezibalulekile

III.1 Izinto Zokuzivikela Zomuntu Siqu (PPE)

Lapho uphatha i-sodium cyanide, ukukhetha okufanele kanye nokusetshenziswa okufanele kwezinto zokuzivikela kubalulekile. Okokuqala, kufanele kukhethwe imaski yothuli yekhwalithi ephezulu. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa imaski ehlangabezana namazinga we-N95 noma ngaphezulu emazweni afana ne-United States, noma i-FFP2 noma ngaphezulu eYurophu. Lezi zimaski zingakwazi ukuhlunga ngempumelelo izinhlayiya ezinhle I-sodium cyanide uthuli, ukuvimbela ukuhogela. Uma ugqoke imaski, qinisekisa ukuthi impumulo ilingana kahle ekhaleni nasemlonyeni, kungabikho zikhala ukuze ugweme ukuvuza.

Okwesibili, ukuvikela isandla, izinhlobo ezahlukene zamagilavu ​​ziyatholakala kuye ngesimo. Uma uphatha i-sodium cyanide eqinile, amagilavu ​​awugqinsi, amelana namakhemikhali enziwe ngezinto ezifana nerabha ye-nitrile ayathandwa. Banikeza ukumelana okuhle kokuhuzuka futhi bangavimba ukungena kwamakhemikhali. Lapho usebenzisana nezixazululo ze-sodium cyanide, ngaphezu kokumelana namakhemikhali, amagilavu ​​​​adinga ukusebenza okungcono okungangeni manzi. Kutuswa ukukhetha amagilavu ​​aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukuphatha uketshezi olubolayo. Ngemva kokusebenzisa amagilavu, kufanele akhishwe ngokucophelela ukuze agweme ukungcolisa ezinye izindawo futhi ageze kahle ngamanzi ahambayo.

Okokugcina, izibuko ze-splash zamakhemikhali zibalulekile ukuvikela amehlo. Lezi zibuko kufanele zibe nenkundla ebanzi yokubona kanye nophawu oluhle ukuze kuvinjelwe noma yikuphi ukuqhuma kwesisombululo se-sodium cyanide ukuthi singangeni emehlweni. Kufanele futhi zikwazi ukumelana nokushayisana ukuze zigweme ukulimala ngenxa yokushayisana kwengozi. Uma ugqoke izibuko, lungisa amabhande ukuze uqinisekise ukunethezeka nokuvikelekile.

III.2 Ukugwema Ukuhogela kanye Nokuthintana Nesikhumba

Ukuze uvimbele ukuhogela uthuli lwe-sodium cyanide noma igesi, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukungena komoya okuhle endaweni yokusebenza. Faka amasistimu okukhipha umoya wendawo eduze nendawo yokubamba ukuze ususe ngokushesha noma yiziphi izinhlayiya ezihamba emoyeni. Lapho uvula iziqukathi ze-sodium cyanide noma wenza imisebenzi engase ikhiqize uthuli, njengokukala noma ukudlulisa, kwenze lokho ngendlela enensa futhi ecophelelayo ukuze unciphise ukuhlakazeka kothuli. Izisebenzi kufanele futhi zigweme ukuma phansi lapho zisebenza ukuze zinciphise ingozi yokuhogela.

Ukuvimbela ukuthintana kwesikhumba kubaluleke ngokufanayo. Gqoka njalo izingubo zokusebenza ezinemikhono emide kanye namabhulukwe ukuze uvale isikhumba ngangokunokwenzeka. Gwema ukugqoka izingubo ezinezimbobo noma izinyembezi ezingase ziveze isikhumba. Uma kwenzeka ukuthintana ngengozi ne-sodium cyanide, susa ngokushesha izingubo ezingcolile bese ugeza indawo ethintekile kahle ngamanzi agelezayo okungenani imizuzu eyi-15. Uma kunezilonda ezivulekile noma imihuzuko esikhumbeni, ukuqapha okwengeziwe kufanele kuthathwe ukuvimbela ukuthintana, njengoba ikhemikhali ingangena kalula emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa lezi zindawo.

III.3 Ukuvikelwa Kwamehlo

Ngaphezu kokugqoka izibuko ze-splash zamakhemikhali, kuyadingeka ukuthi kube neziteshi zokugeza amehlo eziphuthumayo ezitholakala kalula endaweni yokusebenza. Esimweni lapho i-sodium cyanide ihlangana namehlo, geza ngokushesha amehlo ngamanzi ahlanzekile, agelezayo okungenani imizuzu eyi-15. Ungawacikici amehlo, ngoba lokhu kungadala omunye umonakalo. Tshekisa ikhanda kancane ohlangothini ukuze uvumele amanzi ageleze phezu kwendawo yonke yamehlo. Ngemva kokugeza, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ngisho noma zingekho izimpawu ezisheshayo, kusatuseka ukuba kuhlolwe uchwepheshe ukuze kukhishwe noma yimuphi umonakalo ongase ube khona.

III.4 Ukuphatha Ukuchitheka

Uma kwenzeka kuchitheka i-sodium cyanide, kubalulekile ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha nangokuzola. Okokuqala, phuma ngokushesha endaweni ukuze uqinisekise ukuphepha kwabasebenzi. Abasebenzi bezimo eziphuthumayo abaqeqeshiwe kuphela abagqoke i-PPE efanele okufanele basondele endaweni yokuchitheka. Sebenzisa ipulasitiki noma ifosholo elinga-nhlansi ukuze uqoqe ngokucophelela i-sodium cyanide echithekile bese uyidlulisela esitsheni esihlanzekile, esivalekile. Gwema ukusebenzisa amathuluzi ensimbi angase ahlangane nekhemikhali. Izinto ezimuncwayo ezifana ne-vermiculite noma isihlabathi esomile zingasetshenziswa ukucwilisa amanani amancane oketshezi oluchithekile, kodwa kufanele zilahlwe kahle ngemva kwalokho. Ungavumeli i-sodium cyanide echithekile ukuthi ihlangane namanzi noma ezinye izinto ezingabangela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali. Uma ukuchitheka sekuqediwe, xhumana neziphathimandla ezifanele zezemvelo nezokuphepha ukuze uthole isiqondiso esifanele sokulahla.

III.5 Ukuhambisana Kwamakhemikhali

I-sodium cyanide kufanele igcinwe kude nama-asidi nezisekelo ezibuthakathaka ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uma ihlangana nama-asidi, ingakhipha ngokushesha igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide enobuthi, ebeka usongo olukhulu ekuphileni. Ngakho-ke, ungagcini ama-acids noma izisekelo ezibuthakathaka endaweni efanayo ne-sodium cyanide. Uma uphatha i-sodium cyanide, qiniseka ukuthi indawo yokusebenza nanoma imaphi amathuluzi asetshenziswayo ayinazo izinsalela ezine-asidi noma eziyisisekelo. Uma kunobungozi bokuthintwa ngengozi, yiba nemishini ephuthumayo yokukhipha umoya kanye neyokubona igesi ukuze uphendule ngokushesha kunoma yikuphi ukukhishwa kwegesi okungaba khona.

III.6 Izimo Zokugcina

Indawo yokugcina i-sodium cyanide kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo eziqinile. Yigcine endaweni epholile, eyomile futhi enomoya omuhle. Izinga lokushisa elifanele livamise ukuba phakathi kuka-10°C no-25°C, njengoba amazinga okushisa aphezulu angasheshisa ukubola kwekhemikhali. Umswakama ohlobene kufanele ugcinwe ungaphansi kuka-60% ukuvimbela ukumuncwa komswakama, okungaholela ekwakhekeni kwegesi ye-hydrogen cyanide. Sebenzisa iziqukathi ezivaliwe ezenziwe ngezinto ezimelana ne-sodium cyanide, njenge-polyethylene ephezulu noma insimbi engagqwali. Lebula iziqukathi ngokucacile ngegama, ukugxilisa ingqondo, nezixwayiso zengozi yekhemikhali. Gcina iziqukathi emashalofini noma kuma-racks endaweni ephakeme efanele ukuvikela ukulimala ngengozi. Njalo bheka indawo yokugcina kanye neziqukathi ukuze uthole noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuvuza noma zokulimala.

IV. Impendulo Ephuthumayo

IV.1 Izinyathelo Zosizo Lokuqala

Uma kwenzeka uhogela ngephutha uthuli lwe-sodium cyanide noma igesi, masinyane hambisa isisulu endaweni enomoya omuhle onomoya omusha. Khulula noma yiziphi izingubo ezimpintshayo entanyeni nasesifubeni ukuze kube lula ukuphefumula. Uma umuntu ephefumula kanzima noma eyekile ukuphefumula, yenza ukuphefumula okwenziwayo ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, gwema ukuvuselela umlomo nomlomo futhi usebenzise imaski ye-valve yesikhwama noma ezinye izisetshenziswa zokuphefumula ezifanele uma zikhona. Shayela izinsizakalo zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo futhi uqhubeke nokuphefumula okwenziwayo kuze kufike usizo.

Uma i-sodium cyanide ihlangana nesikhumba, susa ngokushesha noma yiziphi izingubo ezingcolile. Geza indawo ethintekile kahle ngamanzi agelezayo okungenani imizuzu eyi-15. Sebenzisa insipho epholile uma kunesidingo, kodwa gwema ukukhuhla ngamandla ngoba kungase kulimaze isikhumba. Ngemva kokugeza, vala indawo ngendwangu ehlanzekile, eyomile futhi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Uma kwenzeka uthintana namehlo, geza ngokushesha amehlo ngamanzi ahlanzekile, agezayo okungenani imizuzu eyi-15. Tshekisa ikhanda eceleni ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi amanzi afinyelela kuzo zonke izingxenye zeso. Ungawacikici amehlo ngoba angabangela omunye umonakalo. Ngemva kokugeza, gcina amehlo evaliwe futhi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Uma i-sodium cyanide ingenwa ngephutha, ungakufuni ukuhlanza ngaphandle uma uyalwe ochwepheshe bezokwelapha. Phuza amanzi amaningi noma ubisi ngokushesha ukuze unciphise ikhemikhali esiswini. Shayela izinsizakalo zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo futhi uzinikeze ulwazi oluningi ngangokunokwenzeka mayelana nokudonsa, njengenani kanye nesikhathi sokudonsa.

IV.2 Izingozi Zomlilo Nokuqhuma

Nakuba i-sodium cyanide ngokwayo ingashi, ingakhipha igesi enobuthi kakhulu ye-hydrogen cyanide uma ishiswa ize ibole. Uma kwenzeka umlilo ohlanganisa i-sodium cyanide, abacishi bomlilo kumele bagqoke izimpahla zokuzivikela eziphelele, okuhlanganisa nemishini yokuphefumula ezimele (i-SCBA), amasudi angangeni kumakhemikhali, amagilavu, namabhuzu. Sebenzisa impuphu yamakhemikhali eyomile, I-Carbon i-dioxide, noma ezinye izinto zokucima umlilo ezifanele ukuvimba umlilo. Gwema ukusebenzisa amanzi ngoba angasabela ne-sodium cyanide futhi akhiphe amagesi anobuthi amaningi. Susa indawo ezungezile uye kude futhi uvimbele noma ubani ukuthi angangeni entuthwini noma epayipini legesi. Ngemva kokucima umlilo, phatha i-sodium cyanide esele kanye nanoma yiziphi izinto ezingcolile ngokucophelela okukhulu ukuze ugweme ukungcola kwesibili.

V. Ukuqeqeshwa Nokuqwashisa

Ukuqeqeshwa okufanele kwabasebenzi abaphatha i-sodium cyanide akuxoxiswana. Bonke abaqhubi kufanele bathole ukuqeqeshwa okuphelele okuhlanganisa ulwazi olujulile lwezakhiwo zamakhemikhali, izingozi ezingaba khona, kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha ezifanele. Lolu qeqesho akufanele luhlanganise imisebenzi yansuku zonke kuphela kodwa nezimo zokusabela ezimeni eziphuthumayo.

Ukuzivivinya okujwayelekile kokuphepha kanye nokulingisa kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi abasebenzi bangaphendula ngokushesha nangempumelelo uma kwenzeka ingozi. Lezi zivivinyo kufanele zilingise izimo zangempela ezifana nokuchitheka, ukuvuza, noma ukuchayeka ngengozi. Ngokubamba iqhaza kulezi zivivinyo, abasebenzi bajwayelana nezinqubo zokusabela ezimeni eziphuthumayo, okuhlanganisa nendlela yokusebenzisa impahla yokuphepha, ukuphuma endaweni, kanye nokuphatha usizo lokuqala.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imfundo eqhubekayo nezifundo zokuvuselela ziyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe abasebenzi benolwazi ngemithetho yakamuva yokuphepha kanye nezindlela ezihamba phambili. Njengoba ucwaningo olusha noma izehlakalo ezihlobene nokuphathwa kwe-sodium cyanide zivela, kubalulekile ukuthi opharetha baziswe futhi bazivumelanise nezinqubo zabo ngokufanele. Le nqubo yokufunda eqhubekayo isiza ekugcineni izinga eliphezulu lokuqwashisa ngokuphepha kanye nekhono emsebenzini.

VI. Isiphetho

Sengiphetha, ukuphatha i-sodium cyanide kudinga ukuqapha okuphezulu nokunamathela ngokuqinile ezimisweni zokuphepha. Imiphumela engaba khona yokungaphathwa kahle kwalesi sithako esinobuthi mibi, hhayi kuphela kubantu abahilelekile ngokuqondile kodwa nasezindaweni ezizungezile. Ngokuqonda nokusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo, singanciphisa ubungozi obuhlobene nokuphathwa kwe-sodium cyanide. Ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo nokuqwashisa kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi bonke abasebenzi bahlala benolwazi ngezinqubo zakamuva zokuphepha. Khumbula, ukuphepha kuwumthwalo wemfanelo ofanayo, futhi zonke izinyathelo zokuphepha ezithathwa namuhla zingavimbela inhlekelele engase ibe khona kusasa.