I-Sodium Cyanide: Ukusetshenziswa Okubalulekile Emayini naNgaphesheya

Iyingozi Kangakanani I-Sodium Cyanide?

Sodium i-cyanide i-crystalline powder emhlophe noma ama-granules ane-hygroscopic futhi anephunga elimnandi le-alimondi elibabayo. Incibilika kakhulu emanzini futhi i-hydrolyzes kalula ukuze yakhe i-hydrogen cyanide, isixazululo sayo esinamanzi sibe yi-alkaline enamandla. Kuyimpahla ebalulekile yamakhemikhali ayisisekelo. Ngokuphawulekayo, inobuthi kakhulu; ukuthintana namanxeba esikhumba, ukuhogela umoya, noma ukumunca ngisho nenani elincane kungaholela ebuthini nasekufeni.

Ukusebenzisa i-LD50 evame ukubhekwa (umthamo odingekayo ukubulala uhhafu wezilwane ezihlolwayo phakathi nesikhathi esishiwo), i-arsenic ine-LD50 ye-14.6 mg/kg (i-oral in rats), kuyilapho I-sodium cyanide ine-LD50 ye-6.44 mg/kg (ngomlomo kumagundane). Lokhu kusho ukuthi I-Sodium Cyanide inamandla aphindwe kathathu kune-arsenic.

Okwethusa nakakhulu ukuthi lezi zinobuthi kakhulu ama-cyanides ncibilika kalula emanzini, okuholela emiphumeleni esheshayo. Ukufa kungenzeka phakathi kwemizuzu engu-15 kuya ehoreni elingu-1, okushiya ochwepheshe bezokwelapha benesikhathi esilinganiselwe sokuhlenga. Uma kuqhathaniswa, i-arsenic yenza kancane kancane; izimpawu zingase zingabonakali kuze kube ihora ngemuva kokudla, futhi ukufa kungase kwenzeke amahora ambalwa noma ngisho nosuku kamuva.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni ze-sodium cyanide

Eminyakeni yamuva, izicelo ze i-sodium cyanide ziye zanda kakhulu. Njengamanje, ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide ngokuyinhloko kusetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali, kubalwa cishe u-40% wesabelo semakethe; imboni yemithi yenza cishe i-10%; izibulala-zinambuzane zibalelwa ku-8%; kanye ne umkhakha we-electroplating cishe ama-20%. Okusele ukusetshenziswa kumakhemikhali amahle. Eminyakeni yamuva, ngesidingo esikhulayo segolide, isidingo se-sodium cyanide ezimayini sikhule kakhulu. Isibonelo, ngo-2013. ukuthengiswa kwe-sodium cyanide esetshenziselwa ukukhipha igolide kwakuyizikhathi ezi-2 kuya kwezi-3 kunango-2012. futhi imakethe yezibulala-zinambuzane nayo ibone ukwanda, ikakhulukazi kwe-glyphosate neminye imikhiqizo efanayo.

1. Odayi

I-sodium cyanide ingasetshenziswa ukwenza odayi. Odayi abangakwazi ukwenziwa okwamanje bahlanganisa Ophuzi 139. Ophuzi 150. indigo, brilliant blue, fluorescent whitening agent VBL, kanye ne-Disperse Green GL, phakathi kwabanye.

2. Ezemithi

I-sodium cyanide ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kwemithi ephakathi, inikeze izinto zokusetshenziswa ezibalulekile zemikhiqizo yokugcina yemithi. Izidakamizwa ezivamile zihlanganisa i-penicillin, i-pregabalin, i-ketoprofen, i-tranexamic acid, i-vitamin B6. i-folic acid, i-guanine, i-acyclovir, i-gabapentin, i-butyrophenone, i-barbiturates, i-fluoroquinolones, i-caffeine, izidakamizwa zokukhwehlela, imithi yesisu, i-analgesics, i-berberine, i-atorvastatin, ne-phenylpropanolamine.

3. Izibulala-zinambuzane

I-sodium cyanide ingasetshenziswa ukwenza izibulala-zinambuzane, ezisetshenziswa kabanzi ezitshalweni nasemifino. Izibulala-zinambuzane ezivamile zihlanganisa i-glyphosate, i-cypermethrin, i-paraquat, i-cyantraniliprole, i-sulfentrazone, i-pyraclostrobin, i-benzoylpropionic acid, i-oxime esters, i-atrazine, i-cyanazine, nama-ejenti ahlukahlukene okulawula izifo zelayisi.

4. Ukuqothula amandla

I-sodium cyanide ingakha ama-complexes anezinsimbi eziningi, okwenza ivame ukusetshenziswa embonini ye-electroplating njenge-electrolyte yethusi, i-cadmium, i-zinc, nesiliva. Ama-ion complexes ensimbi kulawa ma-electrolyte angafaka phezu kwezinto zokusebenza, enze ifilimu elincanyana elivikela imikhiqizo yensimbi.

I-5. Izimayini

I-sodium cyanide inamandla okuncibilikisa igolide nesiliva, yakha ama-soluble cyanide complexes, yingakho isetshenziswa ezimayini ukuze kukhishwe igolide, isiliva, nezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi. Ezimayini zegolide ezifuywayo ezisezingeni eliphansi, izimboni eziningi zegolide zenziwa kusetshenziswa indlela ye-"heap leaching" nge-sodium cyanide. Le nqubo yokukhipha inenzuzo enkulu yezindleko. Indlela "ye-heap leaching" ihlanganisa ukufafaza isixazululo se-sodium cyanide enqwabeni yensimbi, okuvumela izingxenye eziqondiwe ukuthi zincibilike zibe yisixazululo, lapho igolide libuyiselwa khona. Nakuba Ama-cyanides aqashelwa njengama-ejenti asebenzayo wokucwilisa igolide, ubuthi bazo obuphezulu buphakamisa ukukhathazeka, futhi udoti we-cyanide ungalimaza kakhulu imvelo. Ngakho-ke, izindlela ezahlukahlukene, ezifaka i-chlorination, i-acidification, kanye ne-activated carbon adsorption catalytic oxidation, zisetshenziswa e-China ekwelapheni imisila ye-cyanide. Imikhuba engcono kakhulu yokukhipha igolide ihlanganisa ukusebenzisa ezinye izinto ezingena-cyanide kanye ne-low-cyanide.

6. Okunye Ukusetshenziswa

Ngaphezu kwezicelo ezingenhla, i-sodium cyanide ingase isetshenziselwe ukulungisa ama-amino acid, i-L-carnitine, i-lactic acid, i-creatine, i-chelating agents, i-cyanate esters, i-UV absorbers, i-stabilizers yokukhanya, kanye nephunga, phakathi kweminye imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali.

I-sodium cyanide, abantu bangazivikela kanjani?

Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi:abantu abangaphandle kufanele baphume baye endaweni okungenani engamakhilomitha angu-2 ukusuka endaweni yengozi futhi bakhuphuke ukuze bagweme ukuthintana nanoma yiziphi izinto zamakhemikhali.

Isikhumba oxhumana naye:Ngokushesha khipha izingubo ezingcolile bese ugeza kahle indawo ethintekile ngamanzi agobhozayo noma isisombululo se-sodium thiosulfate esingu-5% okungenani imizuzu engu-20. Thola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Oxhumana naye emehlweni:Hlanza amehlo ngokushesha ngamanzi amaningi agobhozayo noma isixazululo saline okungenani imizuzu eyi-15. Thola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Inhalation: Shiya ngokushesha indawo yesehlakalo uye endaweni enomoya ohlanzekile. Uma kwenzeka izinkinga zokuphefumula, nikeza umoya-mpilo. Uma ukuphefumula nokushaya kwenhliziyo kuyeka, yenza ukuphefumula okwenziwa masinyane (ungasebenzisi umlomo uye emlonyeni) nokucindezelwa kwesifuba.

Ukungenisa: Phuza inani elanele lamanzi afudumele ukuze ubangele ukuhlanza. Sebenzisa isisombululo se-potassium permanganate esingu-1:5000 noma isisombululo se-sodium thiosulfate esingu-5% ukuze ugeze isisu. Thola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

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Amathiphu Afudumele:Uma ufuna ukwazi ulwazi olwengeziwe, njengekhotheshini, imikhiqizo, izixazululo, njll.