Iqhaza Elibalulekile Le-Sodium Hydroxide Embonini Yezinsimbi

Embusweni omkhulu noyinkimbinkimbi wemboni yezinsimbi , i-sodium hydroxide (NaOH), eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-caustic soda noma i-lye, idlala indima enezici eziningi futhi ebalulekile. Le nhlanganisela enamandla ye-alkaline, etholakala ngesimo esiqinile (njenge-flake noma i-granular) kanye nezinhlobo zoketshezi, ingumdlali obalulekile ezinqubweni ezahlukahlukene zezinsimbi, kusukela ekukhishweni kwezinsimbi kusuka ema-ore azo kuya ekuqedweni kokugcina kwemikhiqizo yensimbi.

1. Ukucubungula nokukhipha insimbi

1.1 Ukuguqulwa Kukasawoti Oncibilikayo

Omunye wemisebenzi eyinhloko ye-sodium hydroxide ekusetshenzisweni kwensimbi ukuguqula izingxenye ezibalulekile ngaphakathi kwe-ore zibe usawoti oncibilikayo. Lokhu kubalulekile njengoba kwenza kube lula ukuhlukaniswa kwensimbi efiselekayo nokungcola okungancibiliki okukhona ku-ore. Isibonelo, ekukhishweni kwe-tungsten, inqubo iqala ngokuthosa i-ore ephethe i-tungsten, njenge-scheelite noma i-wolframite, nge-sodium hydroxide noma i-sodium Carbon ate. Le nqubo yokuthosa iguqula amaminerali e-tungsten abe yi-sodium tungstate encibilikayo. I-sodium tungstate encibilikayo ingabe isicutshungulwa kabanzi, ihlukaniswe nensalela engancibiliki, futhi ekugcineni iguqulwe ibe yi-tungsten emsulwa ngokusebenzisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okulandelayo.

1.2 Izinqubo zokuLeaching

I-sodium hydroxide nayo isetshenziswa ezinqubweni zokukhipha amanzi. Kwamanye ama-ore ensimbi, ukuvuza ngezixazululo ze-sodium hydroxide kungancibilikisa amanani ensimbi ngokukhetha. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kuma-ores asezingeni eliphansi noma ayinkimbinkimbi lapho izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuncibilikisa zingase zingabizi kakhulu - ziphumelele. Ekukhishweni kwe-aluminium ku-bauxite ore ngenqubo ye-Bayer, i-sodium hydroxide isetshenziselwa ukukhipha i-alumina. I-Bauxite iqukethe ukungcola okufana ne-iron oxides, i-silica, ne-titanium dioxide. Uma i-bauxite iphathwa ngesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide esishisayo, egxilile, i-alumina isabela ukuze yakhe i-sodium aluminate encibilikayo, kuyilapho ukungcola okuningi kuhlala kungancibiliki futhi kungahlukaniswa ngokuhlunga.

2. Ukucwenga Insimbi

2.1 Ukususwa Kokungcola

Ngesikhathi sokucwenga insimbi , i-sodium hydroxide isebenza njenge-ejenti enamandla yokususa ukungcola okuhlukahlukene ezinsimbini. Ingasabela ngama-oxide, ama-sulfide, kanye nokunye ukungcola okungekona okwensimbi okukhona ebusweni noma ngaphakathi kwe-matrix yensimbi. Ekucwengisweni kwethusi, isibonelo, i-sodium hydroxide ingasetshenziswa ukususa ukungcola kwe-copper oxide. Lapho ithusi elinokungcola kwe-oxide liphathwa nge-sodium hydroxide, kwenzeka ukusabela kwe-redox. Ama-ion e-hydroxide anciphisa i-copper oxide ibe yithusi lensimbi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, akha usawoti we-sodium oncibilikayo nokunye ukungcola okungekona okwensimbi, okungasuswa kalula. Le nqubo isiza ekuthuthukiseni ubumsulwa kanye nekhwalithi yethusi, ithuthukise ukuhanjiswa kwayo kukagesi kanye nezakhiwo zemishini.

2.2 Usekelo Lokucwenga Electrolytic

Ezinqubweni zokucwenga i-electrolytic, i-sodium hydroxide ingadlala indima ekugcineni ukuzinza kwe-electrolyte futhi yenze kube lula ukubekwa kahle kwensimbi emsulwa ku-cathode. Kwezinye izinsimbi, njenge-zinc, ezindaweni zokugeza ze-alkaline electroplating, i-sodium hydroxide isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nosawoti oqhubayo. Ihlanganisa ne-zinc ions ukwenza i-zincate ions, esiza ukugcina ukugeza okucwebileyo kuzinzile futhi kuthuthukise ukuhamba kokugeza. Lokhu kuholela ekufakweni okufanayo kwe-zinc ku-cathode, okuholela ekutheni kube ngcono - ikhwalithi ye-zinc enamathela.

3. Ukwelashwa Okungaphezulu

3.1 Ukukhipha amafutha kanye nokuhlanza

Indawo yensimbi ivamise ukuba nezinto ezingcolisayo ezinjengamafutha, amagrease, nezinsalela zemvelo ezidinga ukususwa ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokucutshungulwa. I-sodium hydroxide iyi-ejenti ephumelelayo yokwehlisa amafutha. Ihlangana nama-ester wama-fatty acids akhona emafutheni nasemafutheni ngenqubo ebizwa nge-saponification. Isibonelo, lapho i-stearic acid ester emafutheni emifino isabela ne-sodium hydroxide, ikhiqiza amanzi - i-sodium stearate encibilikayo, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi insipho, ne-glycerol. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukugeza ukungcola ngamanzi, kushiye insimbi ehlanzekile. Le nqubo yokuhlanza ibalulekile emisebenzini elandelayo efana ne-electroplating, ukudweba, noma ukushisela, njengoba indawo ehlanzekile iqinisekisa ukunamathela okungcono kwezingubo noma amabhondi aqinile.

3.2 I-Etching kanye nokulungiswa kwendawo

I-sodium hydroxide isetshenziswa nasezinqubweni zokuqopha insimbi. Ku-aluminium kanye nama-alloy ayo, i-sodium hydroxide isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuqopheni i-alkali, evame ukwenziwa ngaphambi kokuqopha noma ezinye izinqubo zokwelashwa kobuso . Ukuqopha nge-sodium hydroxide kudala ukuthungwa kobuso okufanayo nokuhlanzekile ku-aluminium alloy, kwandisa indawo yobuso futhi kuthuthukise ukunamathela kwezimbozo ezilandelayo. Izinga lokuqopha lingalawulwa ngokulungisa ukuhlushwa kwe-sodium hydroxide, izinga lokushisa, kanye nesikhathi sokuchayeka.

4. I-Desulfurization in Steel and Other Metal Production

Ekukhiqizeni insimbi nezinye izinsimbi, isibabule siwukungcola okungafuneki njengoba singabangela ukonakala ensimbi, sinciphise izakhiwo zayo zemishini kanye nokushisela. I-sodium hydroxide ingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti ye-desulfurizing. Enqubweni yokwenza insimbi, lapho i-sodium hydroxide yengezwa ensimbi encibilikisiwe, ihlangana nesulfure yakhe i-sodium sulfide. I-sodium sulfide eyakhiwe ayincibiliki kancane ensimbi encibilikisiwe futhi ingasuswa ngokusebenza kwe-slagging. Lokhu kusiza ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yensimbi nezinye izinsimbi ngokunciphisa okuqukethwe kwesulfure kumazinga amukelekayo.

5. Iqhaza Kuzinqubo Ze-Electrochemical

5.1 I-Electrolysis ye-Aluminium

Embonini yesimanje ye-aluminium, inqubo ye-Hall - Héroult, indlela eyinhloko yokukhiqiza i-aluminium, incike ohlelweni lwe-electrolyte. Nakuba i-electrolyte eyinhloko iyingxube ye-cryolite ne-alumina, i-sodium hydroxide ingaba khona ngamanani amancane kwezinye izinguquko zenqubo noma ezigabeni zangaphambili zokwelashwa. I-sodium hydroxide ingathinta ukusebenza kukagesi kanye nokusabela kwamakhemikhali okwenzeka kuma-electrode. Kuyasiza ukwenza lula ukugeleza kwamandla ngokusebenzisa i-electrolyte, okubalulekile ekubola kwe-alumina ibe i-aluminium nomoya-mpilo ku-cathode kanye ne-anode ngokulandelanayo.

5.2 Okunye Ukubekwa Nokubuyiswa Kwensimbi Ye-Electrochemical

I-sodium hydroxide iphinde isetshenziswe kwezinye izinqubo ze-electrochemical ukuze kufakwe insimbi nokululama. Isibonelo, ku-electrodeposition yezinsimbi ezithile ezixazululweni zazo, i-sodium hydroxide ingasetshenziswa ukulungisa i-pH yesisombululo se-electrolyte. Lokhu kulungiswa kwe-pH kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuphenduleni kwe-electrochemical, izici ezinomthelela ezifana nezinga lokubekwa kwensimbi, ikhwalithi yongqimba lwensimbi oludiphozithisiwe, nokukhethwa kokufakwa kwensimbi lapho ama-ion ensimbi amaningi ekhona esixazululweni.

Ekuphetheni, i-sodium hydroxide iyikhemikhali ebalulekile embonini ye-metallurgical. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuhlukahlukene ekucubungulweni kwe-ore , ukucwengisiswa kwensimbi, ukwelashwa kwendawo, ukususwa kwesibabule, kanye nezinqubo ze-electrochemical kunegalelo elikhulu ekukhiqizweni kwezinsimbi nemikhiqizo yensimbi esezingeni eliphezulu. Njengoba imboni ye-metallurgical iqhubeka nokukhula, indima ye-sodium hydroxide cishe izohlala ibalulekile, ucwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nentuthuko igxile ekwenzeni ngcono ukusetshenziswa kwayo kanye nokuhlola izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokunciphisa umthelela emvelweni.