Iqhaza Elibalulekile Le-Sodium Hydroxide Embonini Yezinsimbi

Emkhakheni omkhulu futhi oyinkimbinkimbi we imboni ye-metallurgical, i-sodium hydroxide (I-NaOH), ngokuvamile eyaziwa ngokuthi i-caustic soda noma i-lye, idlala indima enezici eziningi futhi ebaluleke kakhulu. Le nhlanganisela ye-alkaline eqinile, etholakala ngokuqinile (njenge-flake noma i-granular) namafomu oketshezi, ingumdlali oyinhloko ezinqubweni ezihlukahlukene ze-metallurgical, kusukela ekukhishweni kwezinsimbi kusukela ezinsimbi zazo kuya ekuqedeni kokugcina kwemikhiqizo yensimbi.

1. Ukucubungula nokukhipha insimbi

1.1 Ukuguqulwa Kukasawoti Oncibilikayo

Omunye wemisebenzi eyinhloko ye-sodium hydroxide ekusetshenzisweni kwensimbi ukuguqula izingxenye ezibalulekile ngaphakathi kwe-ores zibe usawoti oncibilikayo. Lokhu kubalulekile njengoba kwenza kube lula ukuhlukaniswa kwensimbi efiselekayo nokungcola okungancibiliki okukhona ku-ore. Isibonelo, ekukhishweni kwe-tungsten, inqubo iqala ngokuthosa i-ore ephethe i-tungsten, njenge-scheelite noma i-wolframite, nge-sodium hydroxide noma i-sodium. I-Carbonidliwe. Le nqubo yokosa iguqula amaminerali e-tungsten abe yi-sodium tungstate encibilikayo. I-sodium tungstate encibilikayo ingabe isicutshungulwa kabanzi, ihlukaniswe nezinsalela ezingancibiliki, bese ekugcineni iguqulwa ibe yi-tungsten emsulwa ngokusebenzisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okulandelayo.

1.2 Izinqubo zokuLeaching

I-sodium hydroxide nayo isetshenziswa ezinqubweni zokukhipha amanzi. Kwamanye ama-ore ensimbi, ukuvuza ngezixazululo ze-sodium hydroxide kungancibilikisa amanani ensimbi ngokukhetha. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kuma-ores asezingeni eliphansi noma ayinkimbinkimbi lapho izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuncibilikisa zingase zingabizi kakhulu - ziphumelele. Ekukhishweni kwe-aluminium ku-bauxite ore ngenqubo ye-Bayer, i-sodium hydroxide isetshenziselwa ukukhipha i-alumina. I-Bauxite iqukethe ukungcola okufana ne-iron oxides, i-silica, ne-titanium dioxide. Uma i-bauxite iphathwa ngesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide esishisayo, egxilile, i-alumina isabela ukuze yakhe i-sodium aluminate encibilikayo, kuyilapho ukungcola okuningi kuhlala kungancibiliki futhi kungahlukaniswa ngokuhlunga.

2. Ukucwenga Insimbi

2.1 Ukususwa Kokungcola

Ngesikhathi ukucwenga insimbi, i-sodium hydroxide isebenza njenge-ejenti enamandla yokukhipha ukungcola okuhlukahlukene ezinsimbi. Ingasabela ngama-oxides, ama-sulfide, nokunye ukungcola okungekona okwensimbi okukhona endaweni noma ngaphakathi kwe-matrix yensimbi. Ekucwengisweni kwethusi, isibonelo, i-sodium hydroxide ingasetshenziswa ukususa ukungcola kwe-copper oxide. Lapho ithusi elinokungcola kwe-oxide liphathwa nge-sodium hydroxide, ukusabela kwe-redox kwenzeka. Ama-ion e-hydroxide anciphisa i-copper oxide ibe yithusi eliyinsimbi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, akhe usawoti wesodium oncibilikayo nokunye ukungcola okungeyona okwensimbi, okungase kususwe kalula. Le nqubo isiza ukuthuthukisa ukuhlanzeka kanye nekhwalithi yethusi, ithuthukise ukuqhutshwa kwayo kagesi kanye nezakhiwo zemishini.

2.2 Usekelo Lokucwenga Electrolytic

Ezinqubweni zokucwenga i-electrolytic, i-sodium hydroxide ingadlala indima ekugcineni ukuzinza kwe-electrolyte futhi yenze kube lula ukubekwa kahle kwensimbi emsulwa ku-cathode. Kwezinye izinsimbi, njenge-zinc, ezindaweni zokugeza ze-alkaline electroplating, i-sodium hydroxide isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nosawoti oqhubayo. Ihlanganisa ne-zinc ions ukwenza i-zincate ions, esiza ukugcina ukugeza okucwebileyo kuzinzile futhi kuthuthukise ukuhamba kokugeza. Lokhu kuholela ekufakweni okufanayo kwe-zinc ku-cathode, okuholela ekutheni kube ngcono - ikhwalithi ye-zinc enamathela.

3. Ukwelashwa Okungaphezulu

3.1 Ukukhipha amafutha kanye nokuhlanza

Indawo yensimbi ivamise ukuba nezinto ezingcolisayo ezinjengamafutha, amagrease, nezinsalela zemvelo ezidinga ukususwa ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokucutshungulwa. I-sodium hydroxide iyi-ejenti ephumelelayo yokwehlisa amafutha. Ihlangana nama-ester wama-fatty acids akhona emafutheni nasemafutheni ngenqubo ebizwa nge-saponification. Isibonelo, lapho i-stearic acid ester emafutheni emifino isabela ne-sodium hydroxide, ikhiqiza amanzi - i-sodium stearate encibilikayo, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi insipho, ne-glycerol. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukugeza ukungcola ngamanzi, kushiye insimbi ehlanzekile. Le nqubo yokuhlanza ibalulekile emisebenzini elandelayo efana ne-electroplating, ukudweba, noma ukushisela, njengoba indawo ehlanzekile iqinisekisa ukunamathela okungcono kwezingubo noma amabhondi aqinile.

3.2 I-Etching kanye nokulungiswa kwendawo

I-sodium hydroxide nayo isetshenziswa ezinqubweni zokufaka insimbi. Okwe-aluminium nama-alloys ayo, i-sodium hydroxide isetshenziswa kabanzi ukuqoshwa kwe-alkali, evame ukwenziwa ngaphambi kokugcotshwa noma okunye. ukwelashwa surface izinqubo. I-etching ene-sodium hydroxide idala ukuthungwa kwendawo efanayo futhi ehlanzekile ku-alloy ye-aluminium, ikhulise indawo engaphezulu futhi ithuthukise ukunamathela kokunamathela okulandelayo. Izinga le-etching lingalawulwa ngokulungisa ukugcwala kwe-sodium hydroxide, izinga lokushisa, kanye nesikhathi sokuchayeka.

4. I-Desulfurization in Steel and Other Metal Production

Ekukhiqizeni insimbi nezinye izinsimbi, isibabule siwukungcola okungafuneki njengoba singabangela ukonakala ensimbi, sinciphise izakhiwo zayo zemishini kanye nokushisela. I-sodium hydroxide ingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti ye-desulfurizing. Enqubweni yokwenza insimbi, lapho i-sodium hydroxide yengezwa ensimbi encibilikisiwe, ihlangana nesulfure yakhe i-sodium sulfide. I-sodium sulfide eyakhiwe ayincibiliki kancane ensimbi encibilikisiwe futhi ingasuswa ngokusebenza kwe-slagging. Lokhu kusiza ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yensimbi nezinye izinsimbi ngokunciphisa okuqukethwe kwesulfure kumazinga amukelekayo.

5. Iqhaza Kuzinqubo Ze-Electrochemical

5.1 I-Electrolysis ye-Aluminium

Embonini yesimanje ye-aluminium, inqubo ye-Hall - Héroult, indlela eyinhloko yokukhiqiza i-aluminium, incike ohlelweni lwe-electrolyte. Nakuba i-electrolyte eyinhloko iyingxube ye-cryolite ne-alumina, i-sodium hydroxide ingaba khona ngamanani amancane kwezinye izinguquko zenqubo noma ezigabeni zangaphambili zokwelashwa. I-sodium hydroxide ingathinta ukusebenza kukagesi kanye nokusabela kwamakhemikhali okwenzeka kuma-electrode. Kuyasiza ukwenza lula ukugeleza kwamandla ngokusebenzisa i-electrolyte, okubalulekile ekubola kwe-alumina ibe i-aluminium nomoya-mpilo ku-cathode kanye ne-anode ngokulandelanayo.

5.2 Okunye Ukubekwa Nokubuyiswa Kwensimbi Ye-Electrochemical

I-sodium hydroxide iphinde isetshenziswe kwezinye izinqubo ze-electrochemical ukuze kufakwe insimbi nokululama. Isibonelo, ku-electrodeposition yezinsimbi ezithile ezixazululweni zazo, i-sodium hydroxide ingasetshenziswa ukulungisa i-pH yesisombululo se-electrolyte. Lokhu kulungiswa kwe-pH kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuphenduleni kwe-electrochemical, izici ezinomthelela ezifana nezinga lokubekwa kwensimbi, ikhwalithi yongqimba lwensimbi oludiphozithisiwe, nokukhethwa kokufakwa kwensimbi lapho ama-ion ensimbi amaningi ekhona esixazululweni.

Sengiphetha, i-sodium hydroxide iyikhemikhali ebalulekile embonini ye-metallurgical. Izicelo zayo ezahlukahlukene ku ukucubungula insimbi, ukucwengwa kwensimbi, ukwelashwa kwendawo, i-desulfurization, nezinqubo ze-electrochemical zifaka isandla kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwezinsimbi nemikhiqizo yensimbi. Njengoba imboni ye-metallurgical iqhubeka nokuvela, indima ye-sodium hydroxide cishe izohlala ibalulekile, ngocwaningo oluqhubekayo nentuthuko egxile ekuthuthukiseni ukusetshenziswa kwayo nokuhlola izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokunciphisa umthelela wendawo.