Imithetho Yezohwebo Yamazwe Ngamazwe Ye-Sodium Cyanide: Ukuqonda Izidingo Zokuthobelana Emazweni Ahlukene

Isingeniso

Sodium i-cyanide, ikhemikhali enobuthi kakhulu, isetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni yezimboni efana nezimayini zegolide, i-electroplating, kanye ne-organic synthesis. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobungozi bayo obuyingozi empilweni yabantu kanye nemvelo, amazwe emhlabeni jikelele asebenzise imithethonqubo eqinile nenemininingwane mayelana nemithethonqubo yokuphepha. Trade International of I-Sodium Cyanide. Ukuqonda le mithetho akusona nje isihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kahle kwezohwebo kodwa futhi kuyisidingo esingenakugwenywa sokugcina ukuvikeleka kwemvelo yomhlaba wonke kanye nokuphila kahle kwabantu.

Izici ze-Sodium Cyanide kanye noBukaza bezingcuphe Zohwebo

I-sodium cyanide iyimbudumbudu emhlophe ecwebezelayo noma impushana, encibilika kalula emanzini, enephunga elimnandi le-alimondi elibabayo. Inobuthi obudlulele. Ukuhogela, ukumunca, noma ukuthinta isikhumba ngenani elincane ngabantu kungaba yingozi, futhi kungabangela nokungcoliswa okungenakulungiseka emhlabathini nasezindaweni zamanzi emvelweni. Phakathi nenqubo yohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, uma ukupakisha kungalungile, ezokuthutha zingekho emthethweni, noma isitoreji sinephutha, uma kuvuza, kuzodala imiphumela eyinhlekelele. Lesi futhi isizathu esibalulekile esenza amazwe abaluleke kakhulu ekugadweni i-sodium cyanide ukuhweba.

Izidingo Zokuthobelana Emazweni Amakhulu nasezifundeni

I-united states

I-United States inohlelo oluqinile noluqinile lokulawula ukungeniswa kwe I-sodium cyanide. Abangenisi kumele baqale babike ukungeniswa kwamakhemikhali afanelekile ku-US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) futhi bathobelane nezinhlinzeko zoMthetho Wokulawula Izinto Eziwubuthi (TSCA), banikeze ulwazi oluningiliziwe lomkhiqizo, okuhlanganisa ukwakheka, ukusetshenziswa, inqubo yokukhiqiza, njll. Kusixhumanisi sezokuthutha, kufanele ihambisane nemithetho yokuthutha izinto eziyingozi eklanywe Umnyango Wezokuthutha wase-US (DOT). Kunamazinga acacile ezinto zokupakisha, amalebula okumaka, nokukhethekile Izidingo izimoto zokuhamba. Mayelana nokugcinwa kwempahla, i-sodium cyanide idinga ukugcinwa ezindaweni eziklanywe ngokukhethekile ezihlangabezana nezimfuneko zokuphepha futhi ingaphansi kokuhlolwa okuvamile. Ukwengeza, abangenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe badinga futhi ukusungula uhlelo oluphelele lokubhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo ukuze kubhekwane nokuvuza okungenzeka, izingozi, nezinye izimo.

iyuniyani yase-Europe

I-European Union ibambelela kumgomo obumbene futhi osezingeni eliphezulu emithethweni yohwebo ye-sodium cyanide. Ngokwemithethonqubo ye-EU yokulawulwa kwamakhemikhali (REACH), amabhizinisi athumela i-sodium cyanide ku-EU kudingeka aqedele inqubo yokubhalisa kusenesikhathi futhi anikeze ngemininingwane ephelele yokuphepha kwamakhemikhali (SDS), ehlanganisa izici ezibonakalayo namakhemikhali, idatha yetoxicological, ukuhlolwa komthelela kwemvelo, nolunye ulwazi. Mayelana nezokuthutha, landela Isivumelwano SaseYurophu esiphathelene Nokuthuthwa Kwamazwe Ngamazwe Kwempahla Eyingozi Ngomgwaqo (ADR). Kunemikhawulo eqinile ezimotweni zokuthutha, iziqu zomshayeli, nokuhlelwa komzila wezokuthutha. Amazwe e-EU futhi anezinqubo eziqinile zokugunyaza ukwakhiwa nokusebenza kwezindawo zokugcina i-sodium cyanide, ezidinga izinyathelo eziningi zokuvikela ukuphepha ukuvimbela ukuvuza nokungcoliswa kwemvelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-EU ikhuthaza amabhizinisi ukuthi asebenzise ezinye izindlela eziphephile zokunciphisa izingozi ezilethwa ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide.

China

Njengomkhiqizi omkhulu futhi osebenzisa i-sodium cyanide, i-China iphinde isebenzise ukugada okuqinile ekuhwebeni kwayo kwamanye amazwe. Ukungenisa i-sodium cyanide kudinga ukufaka isicelo sezimvume eminyangweni eminingi efana nezamasiko kanye nomnyango wokuphatha izimo eziphuthumayo, okuhlinzeka ngeziqu zebhizinisi ezinemininingwane, ukusetshenziswa komkhiqizo, izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukuphepha, kanye neminye imibhalo. Phakathi nenqubo yokuthutha, sebenzisa ngokuqinile "Imithetho Yokulawulwa Kokuphepha Kwamakhemikhali Ayingozi." Amabhizinisi wezokuthutha kudingeka abe neziqu zobuchwepheshe, futhi izimoto zifakwe izinto ezidingekayo zokulahla izimo eziphuthumayo nezimpawu eziyisixwayiso. Izakhiwo zesitoreji zidinga ukuhlangabezana namazinga okukhiqiza ezokuphepha kazwelonke, zisebenzisa abantu ababili, uhlelo lokulawula izikhiya ezimbili, futhi zirekhode ngokunembile ukungena nokuphuma kwe-sodium cyanide. Mayelana nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, amabhizinisi adinga ukuthobela izimfuneko zokulawula zezwe elingenisayo futhi athobele imithetho efanele yokulawula ukuthekelisa yase-China ukuze aqinisekise ukugeleza okusemthethweni nokuphephile kwe-sodium cyanide.

Amanye Amazwe Nezifunda

I-Japan isebenzisa uhlelo oluqinile lwelayisense yokungenisa i-sodium cyanide, edinga abangenisa kwamanye amazwe ukuthi bafakazele ukuthi banamakhono afanele okugcina, ukusetshenziswa, kanye nokulahla, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo balandele inqubo eqinile yokuhlola umthelela kwezemvelo. I-Australia, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ilawula ukuhwebelana kwe-sodium cyanide ngokuhambisana ne-Industrial Chemicals (Import and Export) Act. Kwezokuthutha, isitoreji, nezinye izici, igcizelela ukuvumelanisa nezinqubo ezihamba phambili zamazwe ngamazwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha. Ngenxa yokuhluka kwengqalasizinda namandla okulawula, izidingo zokuhweba kwe-sodium cyanide kwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika nazo ziyahlukahluka, kodwa ngokuvamile, imizamo yokulawula iyaqiniswa kancane kancane ukulawula izingozi ezivela emthonjeni.

Izinyathelo Zokuphikisa Neziphakamiso

Emabhizinisini abamba iqhaza ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe kwe-sodium cyanide, ucwaningo olunzulu ngemithetho yemakethe eqondiwe kuwumsebenzi oyinhloko. Bangakha ithimba lezindaba zokulawula elichwepheshile noma bathembele kuma-ejensi okubonisana angaphandle. Sungula uhlelo oluphelele lokuphatha ikhwalithi ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi zonke izixhumanisi kusuka ekuthengeni, ekukhiqizweni ukuya kwezokuthutha kanye nokulethwa kuhambisana nezidingo zokulawula. Qinisa ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqwashisa ngokuphepha namakhono okusebenza futhi kuncishiswe izingozi ezibangelwa amaphutha abantu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, hlola ngenkuthalo futhi wamukele izindlela zobuchwepheshe eziphephile nezivumelana nemvelo, ezivumelana nenkambiso yomhlaba wonke yokuthuthukiswa kokuluhlaza, futhi kunciphise ukuncika kumakhemikhali ayingozi kakhulu.

Isiphetho

Imithetho yokuhweba yamazwe ngamazwe ye-sodium cyanide iqinile futhi ihlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele. Amazwe akhe anemininingwane Compliance izidingo ezisekelwe ezimeni zabo zezwe kanye nokucatshangelwa kokuphepha. Kuphela ngokuqonda ngokugcwele nangokulandela ngokuqinile le mithethonqubo lapho amabhizinisi okuhweba angakwazi ukufinyelela ukuthuthukiswa okusimeme kohwebo lwe-sodium cyanide kuyilapho eqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuvikela ngokuhlanganyela imvelo yomhlaba wonke nempilo yomuntu nempilo.