Izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuqala zosizo lwe-sodium cyanide poisoning

Sodium i-cyanide iyikhemikhali enobuthi kakhulu. Ubuthi ngakho kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu, futhi kusenesikhathi futhi ngempumelelo Izinyathelo zosizo lokuqala zibalulekile. Lesi sihloko sizokwethula ngokuningiliziwe izinyathelo zosizo lokuqala I-Sodium Cyanide ubuthi.

1. Ukuphuma Kwendawo Nokuzivikela

• Ukuphuma ngokushesha: Kanye Ubuthi be-sodium cyanide Kusolwa ukuthi umhlengi kanye nesisulu kufanele basuke ngokushesha endaweni lapho kudliswe ushevu khona. Isibonelo, uma kuyingozi yefekthri lapho i-sodium cyanide kuhilelekile, thuthela ngokushesha endaweni enomoya ohlanzekile, njengangaphandle noma igumbi elinomoya omuhle elikude nomthombo wokungcola. Igesi ye-cyanide iminyene kancane kunomoya futhi izokhuphuka, ngakho ukuhlala phansi phansi kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuhogela lapho kungenzeki ngokushesha ukuphuma.

• Ukuzivikela: Abatakuli kumele bathathe izinyathelo eziqinile zokuzivikela. Gqoka okokuvikela okufanele, okufana namasudi amelana namakhemikhali, igesi - iziphefumulo eziqinile, namagilavu. Lokhu kungavimbela abatakuli ukuthi bangadliswa ushevu ngesikhathi sohlelo lokuhlenga. Isibonelo, ezimeni zezimo eziphuthumayo ezichwepheshile, izicishamlilo noma izibambi zezinto eziyingozi zizohlonyiswa ngokugcwele ngalezi zimo zokuvikela ngaphambi kokungena endaweni yesigameko.

2. Khipha Izingubo Ezingcolile bese Uhlanza Isikhumba

• Ukususwa kwezingubo: Uma izingubo zomuntu ohlukunyeziwe zingcolile I-sodium cyanide, kufanele isuswe ngokushesha. Lapho ukhipha izingubo, qaphela ukuthi ungavumeli ingxenye engcolile ithinte isikhumba ngokuqhubekayo. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa isikelo ukusika izingubo esikhundleni sokuyisusa phezu kwekhanda ukuze ugweme ukungcola kwesibili. Faka izingubo ezingcolile ezisusiwe esikhwameni sepulasitiki esivaliwe ukuze ulahlwe kahle.

• Ukuhlanza isikhumba: Ngemva kokukhipha izingubo, geza ngokushesha indawo yesikhumba engcolile ngenani elikhulu lamanzi agelezayo okungenani imizuzu engu-20. Insipho ingasetshenziswa ukusiza ekuhlanzeni uma ikhona. Ezimweni lapho isikhumba sivezwa kuzixazululo ze-sodium cyanide, ukugeza ngokuphelele kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukumuncwa kobuthi esikhumbeni.

3. Ukungcoliswa kwamehlo

• Ukugeza amehlo: Uma i-sodium cyanide ingena emehlweni, vula ngokushesha amajwabu amehlo bese ugeza amehlo ngamanzi agelezayo amaningi noma usawoti ovamile okungenani imizuzu engu-15. Qiniseka ukuthi ugeza kusukela ekhoneni elingaphakathi leso uye ekhoneni elingaphandle ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi yonke indawo yamehlo ihlanzekile. Phakathi nalolu hlelo, isisulu kufanele sitshelwe ukuthi singacikici amehlo ukuze sigweme ukulimala okwengeziwe kwezicubu zamehlo.

4. Ukusekelwa Kokuphefumula

• Ukugcina i-patency yomoya: Hlola ukuphefumula kwesisulu. Uma isisulu siphaphama kodwa sinobunzima bokuphefumula, sisize sime endaweni egcina indlela yokuphefumula ivulekile, njengokuhlehlisa ikhanda kancane nokuphakamisa isilevu. Uma isisulu siqulekile, sibeke eceleni ukuze singaminyanisi emhlanzweni.

• Ukunikezwa komoyampilo: Uma kungenzeka, nikeza isisulu umoya-mpilo ogeleza kakhulu ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ezilungiselelweni zangaphambi kwesibhedlela, amasilinda komoyampilo aphathwayo angasetshenziswa. Umoya-mpilo ungasiza ukukhulula izimpawu ze-hypoxia ezibangelwa ubuthi be-cyanide. Uma isisulu siyekile ukuphefumula, ukuvuselelwa kwe-cardiopulmonary (CPR) kufanele kuqalwe ngokushesha, kodwa ukuvuselela umlomo kuya emlonyeni kufanele kugwenywe ukuze kuvinjwe umhlengi ukuba adliwe ushevu. Esikhundleni salokho, sebenzisa idivayisi yesikhwama - imaski (ambu - bag) ukuze unikeze umoya-mpilo ngesikhathi se-CPR.

5. Bizela Izinkonzo Zezokwelashwa Eziphuthumayo

• Isaziso esisheshayo: Shayela ngokushesha izinsizakalo zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo zasendaweni (ezifana ne-911 kwezinye izifunda) futhi usho ngokucacile isimo sobuthi be-sodium cyanide. Nikeza imininingwane njengendawo yesigameko, inombolo yezisulu, kanye nesikhathi esilinganiselwe sokudliswa ushevu. Lokhu kuvumela ithimba lezokwelapha eziphuthumayo ukuba lilungiselele amakhambi nemishini efanele kusengaphambili futhi lifike endaweni yesigameko ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

6. Ukwelashwa okusekelwe esibhedlela

• Ukuphathwa kwekhambi: Esibhedlela, odokotela bazonikeza amakhambi athile ngokwesimo sesiguli. Ama-antidotes asetshenziswa kakhulu ubuthi be-sodium cyanide afaka i-sodium nitrite ne-sodium thiosulfate. I-sodium nitrite ingaguqula i-hemoglobin esegazini ibe yi-methemoglobin, engahlangana nama-ion e-cyanide enze i-cyanmethemoglobin, inciphise ubuthi be-cyanide. Bese, i-sodium thiosulfate isetshenziselwa ukuqhubeka nokuguqula ama-ion e-cyanide abe yi-thiocyanate engeyona enobuthi ukuze ikhishwe emzimbeni.

• Ukwelashwa okusekelayo: Ngaphezu kokwelashwa kwe-antidote, isiguli sidinga nokwelashwa okuphelele okusekelayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokugcina izimpawu ezibalulekile ezivamile njengokuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, nomfutho wegazi. Uketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni lunganikezwa ukulungisa ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni nokungalingani kwe-electrolyte. Ezigulini ezinobuthi obunzima, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezithuthukisiwe ezifana ne-hemodialysis noma i-hemoperfusion zingabhekwa njengezisiza ukususa ubuthi emzimbeni.

Sengiphetha, ubuthi be-sodium cyanide buyisimo esiphuthumayo esisongela ukuphila. Ukwazi nokusebenzisa lezi zinyathelo zosizo lokuqala ngokushesha kungakhuphula kakhulu amathuba okusinda futhi kunciphise umonakalo obangelwa ubuthi. Kodwa-ke, ukuvimbela ubuthi be-sodium cyanide kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi izinqubo zokuphepha eziqinile kufanele zilandelwe lapho kusebenzisana nalesi sidakamizwa esinobuthi.