I-Sodium Cyanide (NaCN): Izicelo Zokukhiqiza Nezinhlobonhlobo

Sodium i-cyanide (I-NaCN) iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali enohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene. Ukubaluleka kwayo kusezicini zayo zamakhemikhali eziyingqayizivele eziyenza ikwazi ukudlala indima ebalulekile ezinqubweni ezifana nokuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziphilayo, ukucwengwa kwensimbi, nokunye.

I. Izicelo ze-NaCN

A. Organic Synthesis

I-NaCN isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwezinto eziphilayo. Isebenza njenge-reagent ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwe- I-Carbon-izibopho zekhabhoni, okuvumela osokhemisi ukuthi bakhe ama-molecule ayinkimbinkimbi e-organic. Lokhu kubalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwemithi, amakhemikhali amahle, kanye nezinye izinto eziningi eziphilayo. Isibonelo, ekuhlanganisweni kwemithi ethile, i-NaCN isetshenziselwa ukwethula amaqembu athile asebenzayo, abalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle komuthi.

B. Ukucwenga Igolide Nesiliva

Embonini yezimayini, i-NaCN idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhishweni nasekucwengisweni kwegolide nesiliva. Inqubo, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-cyanidation, ihilela ukuncibilikisa igolide nesiliva ku-ores yazo esixazululweni se I-Sodium Cyanide. Le ndlela iphumelela kakhulu futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi emisebenzini yezimayini ezinkulu emhlabeni jikelele. Ivumela ukuhlukaniswa kwezinsimbi eziyigugu kwamanye amaminerali akhona ku-ore, okuholela ekukhiqizweni kwegolide elihlanzekile nesiliva.

C. Electroplating

I-NaCN nayo iyingxenye ebalulekile ezinqubweni ze-electroplating. Kuyasiza ekubekeni ungqimba oluncane lwensimbi ku-substrate. Ekulawulweni kwe-electroplating, ama-ion e-cyanide ku-NaCN complex ane-ion yensimbi, enza kube lula ukubekwa kwawo okufanayo endaweni egqitshwayo. Lokhu kubangela ukunamathela kwensimbi okubushelelezi nokunamathelayo, okusetshenziselwa izinhloso zokuhlobisa, ukuvikela ukugqwala, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuqhutshwa kukagesi kwento epuletiwe.

D. Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza

Ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, i-NaCN isetshenziswa ekwelapheni ukushisa kwensimbi ukuze kulungiswe izakhiwo ezingaphezulu kwezinsimbi. Ibuye isetshenziselwe ukukhiqizwa kodayi, izibulala-zinambuzane, njengesivimbeli esikhethiwe ekuntanteni kwensimbi okungeyona insimbi, ekuhlanganisweni kwe-methyl methacrylate resin, nasekukhiqizeni i-potassium ferrocyanide (i-prussiate ephuzi ye-potash).

II. Izimpahla Ezingahluziwe Ezibalulekile Zokukhiqiza kwe-NaCN

A. I-Hydrocyanic Acid

Enye yezinto zokuqala zokusetshenziswa kokukhiqizwa kwe-NaCN yi i-hydrocyanic acid (HCN). Njengamanje, ingxenye ebalulekile ye-hydrocyanic acid itholakala njengomkhiqizo ovela ekukhiqizeni i-acrylonitrile (CH₂=CHCN). Enqubweni yokukhiqiza i-acrylonitrile, inani le-hydrocyanic acid ngomkhiqizo licishe libe ngu-10% wevolumu yokukhiqiza i-acrylonitrile. Lo mkhiqizo ube usuphinde ucutshungulwe ukuze ukhiqize i-NaCN.

B. Eminye Imithombo

Ezifundeni lapho izimo zivuma khona, i-hydrocyanic acid ingabuye ihlanganiswe negesi yemvelo ne-ammonia. Le ndlela ehlukile inikeza umthombo owengeziwe we-hydrocyanic acid yokukhiqizwa kwe-NaCN. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-hydrocyanic acid kusuka kulezi zinto zokusetshenziswa kuhilela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okuyinkimbinkimbi okudinga izimo ezithile zokusabela kanye nama-catalysts.

Ekuphetheni, i-sodium cyanide iyikhemikhali enemisebenzi eminingi esebenza kude ezimbonini eziningi. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-NaCN kuhlobene eduze nokutholakala kwezinto ezibalulekile zokusetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi i-hydrocyanic acid, engatholakala kumikhiqizo ye-acrylonitrile noma ehlanganiswe negesi yemvelo ne-ammonia. Njengoba izimboni ziqhubeka nokuthuthuka, ukubaluleka kwe-NaCN ekuvumela izinqubo ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali kungenzeka kuqhubeke.