I-Sodium Cyanide Safety Protection and Emergency Izinyathelo

Sodium i-cyanide, isakhi esiyingozi kakhulu sezinto ezingaphili, sibeka engcupheni enkulu empilweni yomuntu nasendaweni ezungezile. Ngenxa yobuthi bayo obukhulu kanye namandla okumuncwa ngokushesha emzimbeni, ukuvikelwa okuqinile kokuphepha kanye nokuchazwa kahle Izinyathelo eziphuthumayo zibalulekile uma uphatha, ugcina, noma uma kwenzeka ukukhishwa ngephutha I-sodium cyanide.

1. Ukuvikela Ukuphepha

1.1 Izinto Zokuzivikela Zomuntu Siqu (PPE)

• Ukuvikelwa kokuphefumula: Lapho usebenza ezindaweni lapho I-Sodium Cyanide ukuchayeka kungenzeka, njengokuthi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, ukuthuthwa, noma esimweni sokuvuza okungase kube khona, abasebenzi kufanele bagqoke ukuvikeleka okufanele kokuphefumula. Imishini yokuphefumula equkethwe ngokwakho (SCBAs) inconywa ezimweni ezinobungozi obukhulu, njengoba ihlinzeka ngomthombo onokwethenjelwa womoya ohlanzekile, ukuvimbela ukuhogela kwe-cyanide - equkethe uthuli noma igesi. Ezimweni zokuchayeka okungatheni, iziphefumulo ezihlanza umoya ezinezihlungi ezithile eziklanyelwe ukususa izinhlanganisela ze-cyanide zingasetshenziswa, kodwa ukusebenza kwazo kuncike ekulinganeni okufanele kanye nobuqotho bokuhlunga.

• Ukuvikelwa Kwesikhumba Namehlo: I-sodium cyanide ingabangela ukusha okukhulu lapho uthinta isikhumba namehlo. Ngakho-ke, amasudi aphelele - amakhemikhali omzimba - ukumelana, okuhlanganisa amagilavu ​​namabhuzu, kufanele agqoke ngaso sonke isikhathi. Izibuko zokuphepha noma izivikelo zobuso zibalulekile ukuze kuvikelwe amehlo kunoma yikuphi ukuchaphazeka noma izinhlayiya zothuli. Lezi zingubo zokuzivikela kumele zenziwe ngezinto ezingenakunyakaziswa i-sodium cyanide ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha okuphezulu.

• Enye Igiya Lokuvikela: Ngaphezu kokuvikela ukuphefumula, isikhumba, nokuvikela amehlo, izisebenzi kufanele futhi zigqoke izigqoko eziqinile ezindaweni lapho kunobungozi bezinto eziwayo, nokuvikelwa kwezindlebe okufanele uma zisebenza ezindaweni ezinomsindo ezihlobene nokusebenza kwe-sodium cyanide.

1.2 Ukuphepha Kwasemsebenzini

• Storage: I-sodium cyanide kufanele igcinwe endaweni ezinikele, enomoya omuhle, futhi ekhiyiwe ehlukile kwamanye amakhemikhali, ikakhulukazi lawo angakwazi ukusabela ngayo. Iziqukathi zokugcina kufanele zivalwe ngokuqinile futhi zenziwe ngezinto ezimelana nokugqwala nge-sodium cyanide, njenge-high - density polyethylene noma insimbi engagqwali. Amalebula ezitsheni kufanele akhombise ngokucacile okuqukethwe, izingozi, neziyalezo zokuphatha. Izindawo zokugcina kufanele futhi zifakwe izinto zokuqukatha ukuchitheka, njengamadikhi noma amathreyi, ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwanoma iyiphi i-sodium cyanide evuzayo.

• Izinqubo Zokuphatha: Konke ukuphatha kwe-sodium cyanide kufanele kwenziwe endaweni elawulwayo ngokulandela izinqubo eziqinile zokusebenza ezijwayelekile. Abasebenzi kufanele baqeqeshwe ngendlela efanele yokuphakamisa, ukuthela, kanye nokudlulisa ukuze kuncishiswe ubungozi bokuchitheka noma ukuchaphazeka. Amathuluzi asetshenziselwa ukuphatha i-sodium cyanide kufanele enziwe ngezinto ezingashisi ukuvimbela ukuvutha kwanoma yiziphi izingxube ezingase zishise. Ngemuva kokusetshenziswa ngakunye, izinto zokusebenza nezindawo zokusebenza kufanele zihlanzwe kahle futhi zicoliswe ukuze kususwe noma yiziphi izinsalela ze-sodium cyanide.

• ukupholisa: Ukungena komoya owanele kubalulekile ezindaweni zokusebenza lapho kukhona khona i-sodium cyanide. Amasistimu okukhipha umoya wendawo kufanele afakwe ezindaweni ezingase zikhishwe, njengalapho kuvulwa iziqukathi noma phakathi nezinqubo zokukhiqiza. Ukungena komoya okuvamile kuyo yonke indawo yokusebenza kufanele futhi kwanele ukugcina ikhwalithi yomoya futhi kuncishiswe noma yiziphi izinhlayiya ze-sodium cyanide noma umhwamuko otholakala emoyeni. Ukuqapha njalo izinga lomoya emsebenzini kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amazinga okuchayeka ahlala ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo eyamukelekayo.

1.3 Ukuqeqeshwa Kwabasebenzi

• Ukuqwashisa Ngezingozi: Bonke abasebenzi abangase bahlangane ne-sodium cyanide, okuhlanganisa nalabo abahilelekile ekukhiqizeni kwayo, ezokuthutha, ukugcinwa, kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo, kufanele bathole ukuqeqeshwa okuphelele ngezingozi ezihlobene namakhemikhali. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqonda ubuthi bayo, izindlela ezingaba khona zokuchayeka (ukuhogela, ukumunca, nokuthinta isikhumba), kanye nezimpawu zobuthi be-cyanide.

• Ukuphatha Okuphephile kanye Nesitoreji: Abasebenzi kufanele baqeqeshelwe ukuphatha nokugcina izinqubo ezifanele, njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla. Kufanele futhi bajwayelane nokusetshenziswa kwezinto zokuzivikela kanye nendlela yokuzifaka nokuvala kahle. Ukuqeqeshwa kufanele kufake imiboniso esebenzayo kanye nezandla - ngolwazi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi abasebenzi bayazethemba emakhonweni abo okuphatha i-sodium cyanide ngokuphepha.

• Ukuqeqeshwa Kwezimpendulo Eziphuthumayo: Abasebenzi kufanele baqeqeshwe ezinqubweni zokusabela ezimweni eziphuthumayo, okuhlanganisa nendlela yokubona izimpawu zokuvuza noma ukuchayeka kwe-sodium cyanide, indlela yokuqalisa impendulo ephuthumayo, kanye nendlela yokusingatha usizo lokuqala uma kwenzeka ubuthi be-cyanide. Ukuzivivinya okuvamile kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuhlolwe futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lokusabela ezimeni eziphuthumayo.

2. Izinyathelo Eziphuthumayo

2.1 Impendulo Yesigameko

• Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nokuphuma: Uma kwenzeka ukuvuza noma ukuchitheka kwe-sodium cyanide, indawo ethintekile kufanele ihlukaniswe ngokushesha ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusabalala kwento enobuthi. Izinqubo zokuphuma kufanele ziqalwe ngokushesha, futhi bonke abasebenzi abangabalulekile kufanele bayiswe endaweni ephephile endaweni yesigameko. Imizila yokuphuma kufanele imakwe ngokucacile futhi yaziwe yibo bonke abasebenzi.

• Ukugcina kanye NokuhlanzaAmaqembu akhethekile ahlonyiswe ngemishini yokuzivikela efanele kanye nezinto zokuphendula ezichithekile kufanele zisetshenziswe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuchitheka. Lokhu kungase kuhilele ukusebenzisa izinto ezimuncayo, njengezinto ezivuselelwe I-Carbon noma i-vermiculite, ukuze kufakwe i-sodium cyanide ewuketshezi. I-sodium cyanide eqinile ingashanelwa ngokucophelela bese ifakwa ezitsheni ezivaliwe ukuze ilahlwe kahle. Ngemva kokuba okuchithekile sekuvinjiwe, indawo kufanele ihlanzwe kahle kusetshenziswa izinto zokuhlanza ezifanele kanye namasu okususa noma yimiphi iminonjana esele ye-sodium cyanide.

• Isaziso: Uma kwenzeka kuba nesigameko se-sodium cyanide, iziphathimandla ezifanele, njengezikhungo zendawo zokuvikela imvelo, iminyango yomlilo, namahhovisi okuphatha izimo eziphuthumayo, kufanele zaziswe ngokushesha. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinsiza ezidingekayo kanye nokwesekwa kungahlanganiswa ngokushesha ukuze kulawuleke isigameko futhi kuncishiswe umthelela waso emphakathini owuzungezile kanye nemvelo.

2.2 Usizo Lokuqala

• Inhalation: Uma umuntu ehogela i-sodium cyanide, kufanele isuswe ngokushesha endaweni engcolile ifakwe emoyeni omusha. Uma umuntu engaphefumuli, ukuvuselelwa kwe-cardiopulmonary (CPR) kufanele kuqalwe ngokushesha, kodwa abatakuli kufanele bathathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ukuze bagweme ukuchayeka egesini i-cyanide. Kwezinye izimo, ukunikeza umoya-mpilo kungase kube usizo. Ama-antidote akhethekile wobuthi be-cyanide, njenge-hydroxocobalamin noma i-sodium nitrite ne-sodium thiosulfate, angase anikezwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, okungcono kakhulu ngaphansi kokuqondisa kochwepheshe bezokwelapha.

• Isikhumba Imininingwane: Ngokuthinta isikhumba nge-sodium cyanide, indawo ethintekile kufanele igezwe ngokushesha ngamanzi amaningi okungenani imizuzu eyi-15. Zonke izingubo ezingcolile kufanele zisuswe ngesikhathi sokushaywa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukumuncwa okwengeziwe kwamakhemikhali. Ngemuva kokugeza, umuntu kufanele ahlolwe nguchwepheshe wezokwelapha noma yiziphi izimpawu zokulimala kwesikhumba noma ubuthi be-systemic.

• Ukungenisa: Uma i-sodium cyanide idliwe, ungabangeli ukuhlanza. Kunalokho, nikeza umuntu amanzi noma ubisi ukuze aphuze ukuze kuncibilike ikhemikhali esesiswini. Umuntu kufanele ayiswe esikhungweni sezokwelapha ngokushesha ukuze athole ukwelashwa okwengeziwe, okungase kuhlanganise ukunikezwa kwemithi yokwelapha nezinye izindlela zokusekela.

2.3 Ukulandela isigameko - isigameko

• Ukuqapha Imvelo: Ngemva kwesigameko se-sodium cyanide, indawo ezungezile, okuhlanganisa inhlabathi, amanzi, nomoya, kufanele kuqashelwe ngokuqhubekayo ukuze kuhlolwe izinga lokunukubezeka nokuqinisekisa ukuthi amazinga abuyela kwesijwayelekile. Ukusampula nokuhlaziya kufanele kwenziwe ngamalabhorethri emvelo aqeqeshiwe kusetshenziswa amasu okuhlaziya afanele.

• Uphenyo kanye nokubika: Uphenyo olunzulu kufanele lwenziwe ukuze kutholwe imbangela yesigameko se-sodium cyanide. Lokhu kubandakanya ukubuyekeza izinqubo zokuphatha, isimo semishini, namarekhodi okuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi. Umbiko onemininingwane kufanele ulungiswe, ubhale isigameko, izinyathelo zokuphendula ezithathiwe, nanoma yiziphi izincomo zokuvimbela izigameko ezifanayo esikhathini esizayo. Umbiko kufanele uhanjiswe kubaphathi abafanele kanye neziphathimandla ezilawulayo.

Sengiphetha, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi kanye nemvelo lapho usebenzisana ne-sodium cyanide kudinga indlela ebanzi ehlanganisa izinyathelo eziqinile zokuvikela ukuphepha kanye namasu okubhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo ahlanganiswe kahle. Ngokulandela lezi ziqondiso, izingozi ezihlobene ne-sodium cyanide zingaphathwa ngokuphumelelayo, kuncishiswe amathuba okulimaza nokulimala.