Izindima kanye nokusetshenziswa kweSodium Cyanide Solution

Sodium i-cyanide isixazululo, esinefomula yamakhemikhali i-NaCN esesimweni esimanzi, siyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ezimbonini namakhemikhali, naphezu kwemvelo yayo enobuthi obukhulu. Lesi sihloko sidingida izindima ezihlukene kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe I-sodium cyanide Isisombululo.

1. Igolide Nezinsimbi Eziyigugu Ezimbiwayo

1.1 Incazelo Yenqubo

Enye yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezaziwa kakhulu ze isisombululo se-sodium cyanide isembonini yezimayini, ikakhulukazi ukumba igolide nezinye izinsimbi eziyigugu. Nini I-Sodium Cyanide Isixazululo sixubene negolide - i-ores ene-ore, igolide ku-ore isabela ne-cyanide ions phambi komoya-mpilo ovela emoyeni nasemanzini. Lokhu kusabela kwakha igolide elincibilikayo - i-cyanide complex. Uma igolide selikuleli fomu elincibilikayo, lingahlukaniswa nezinto ezisele zensimbi.

1.2 Izindlela Zokukhipha

Kunezindlela ezimbili ezijwayelekile ezisetshenziswa kule nqubo yokukhipha:

• I-Tank Leaching: I-ore yegolide ifakwa emathangeni amakhulu futhi ihlanganiswe ne i-sodium cyanide isisombululo. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, lapho igolide selincibilikile esixazululweni, isixazululo se-cyanide esisetshenzisiwe kanye nensimbi esele sidluliselwa ezindaweni zokugcina imisila.

• I-Heap Leaching: I-ore yegolide echotshoziwe inqwabelaniswa ibe yinqwaba, futhi ingxube ye-sodium cyanide ithululelwa phezu kwenqwaba. Njengoba ikhambi ligobhoza ensimbini, lincibilikisa igolide. Isixazululo esiqukethe igolide elincibilikisiwe sinqwabelana phansi enqwabeni bese singaqoqwa ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokucubungula ukuze kutholakale igolide.

2. Ukuqothula amandla

2.1 Umsebenzi Ezindaweni Zokugeza Ze-Electroplating

Isixazululo se-sodium cyanide sisetshenziswa ezindaweni zokugeza ze-electroplating ezinsimbi ezifana nethusi, isiliva, i-cadmium, ne-zinc. Ekufakeni i-electroplating, inhloso ukufaka ungqimba oluncane lwensimbi efiselekayo ku-substrate. Ama-Cyanide ions kusisombululo se-sodium cyanide adlala izindima ezimbalwa ezibalulekile. Banciphisa i-anode polarization, baqinisekise ukuthi i-anode, umthombo wensimbi okufanele ihlanganiswe, incibilika ngokulinganayo, okubalulekile ekuhlinzekeni okungaguquki kwama-ion ensimbi esixazululweni sokucwenga. Ukwengeza, ukuba khona kwama-ion e-cyanide kusiza ekusimamiseni isixazululo se-electroplating, kuvimbele ukuna kwezinhlanganisela zensimbi ezingase ziphazamise inqubo yokucwenga. Ziphinde zithuthukise i-cathode polarization, okuholela ekufakweni okufanayo kwensimbi ku-cathode, i-substrate iyapulekwa, okuholela ekuhlanganisweni kwensimbi okushelelayo nokunamathela kakhudlwana.

3. Chemical Synthesis

3.1 Ukukhiqizwa kwamaCyanides Angaphilayo

Isixazululo se-sodium cyanide siyisihluthulelo sokuqala sokukhiqizwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-inorganic ama-cyanides. Ngokwesibonelo, enye i-cyanide engaphili ekhiqizwa kuyo isetshenziswa embonini yokudla njenge-anticaking agent nasekukhiqizweni kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Enye, lapho itholakala ngokusabela ngosawoti othile, isetshenziswa ezinsizeni ezifanayo njenge-sodium cyanide, njengokuthile okuqondile. ukukhishwa kwegolide izinqubo kanye namanye ama-organic syntheses.

3.2 Ukuhlanganiswa Kwezinhlanganisela Eziphilayo

Kumakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo, isisombululo se-sodium cyanide sisetshenziselwa ukwethula iqembu le-cyano kuma-molecule ephilayo, okuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuhlanganiseni kwezinhlanganisela eziningi eziphilayo. Lapho i-alkyl halide isabela nesisombululo se-sodium cyanide, kwakheka inhlanganisela. Le nhlanganisela ingabuye iguqulwe ibe amanye amaqembu asebenzayo njengama-carboxylic acid nama-amine ngokuphendula kwamakhemikhali okulandelayo, okwenza isixazululo se-sodium cyanide sibe i-reagent ebalulekile ekuhlanganiseni kwemithi, amakhemikhali e-agrochemicals, nezinto ezihlukahlukene eziphilayo.

4. Ukuhlanzwa Kwensimbi kanye Nokwelashwa Kwendawo

4.1 Ukuncibilikisa ama-Metal oxides kanye nokungcola

Isixazululo se-sodium cyanide singasetshenziswa ukuhlanza izinsimbi. Amanye ama-oxide ensimbi nokungcola okungaphezulu kwezinsimbi kungasabela ngama-ion e-cyanide. Isibonelo, i-copper oxide ebusweni bethusi ingasabela ngesisombululo se-sodium cyanide ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Ama-ion e-cyanide enza ama-complexes ane-ion yensimbi evela kuma-oxides, asuse ngokuphumelelayo ungqimba lwe-oxide futhi ashiye indawo yensimbi ehlanzekile. Lokhu kuyasiza ekulungiseleleni izindawo zensimbi ukuze zicutshungulwe ngokuqhubekayo njengokudweba, ukunamathisela, noma i-electroplating.

5. Ukulawula Izinambuzane (Kulinganiselwe Futhi Kulawulwa Kakhulu)

5.1 Sebenzisa njenge-Rodenticide

Esikhathini esedlule, isisombululo se-sodium cyanide sasisetshenziswa njenge-rodenticide. Ubuthi bayo obuphezulu buyenza ibulale amagundane. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobuthi bayo obudlulele hhayi kuphela ezinambuzaneni ezihlosiwe kodwa nasezilwanyaneni ezingahlosiwe, kuhlanganisa nabantu, ukusetshenziswa kwayo njenge-rodenticide kuvinjelwe kakhulu emazweni amaningi. Ingozi yokuchayeka ngengozi kanye nethuba lokungcoliswa kwemvelo ukukhathazeka okukhulu okuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kwayo ekulawuleni izinambuzane.

Ukucatshangelwa Kwezokuphepha

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ukuthi isixazululo se-sodium cyanide siyingozi kakhulu. Ngisho nenani elincane lingabulala uma lingenwa, lihogela, noma limuncwa esikhumbeni. Lapho ithintana nama-acids noma umoya omanzi, ingakhipha igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide enobuthi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izinqubo zokuphepha eziqinile kufanele zilandelwe lapho kusingathwa isisombululo se-sodium cyanide. Izisebenzi ezihilelekile ekusetshenzisweni kwayo kufanele ziqeqeshwe kahle, zigqoke izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele, futhi zisebenze ezindaweni ezinomoya ohlanzekile. Esimeni sokuchitheka kwengozi noma ukuchayeka, izinqubo zokusabela eziphuthumayo ngokushesha zidinga ukusetshenziswa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulimala okukhulu empilweni yomuntu kanye nemvelo.

Sengiphetha, isisombululo se-sodium cyanide, naphezu kwemvelo yayo eyingozi, sidlala indima ebalulekile ezimbonini eziningana. Izicelo zayo zisukela ekukhishweni kwensimbi eyigugu kuye ekuhlanganiseni kwamakhemikhali nokwelashwa kwensimbi. Kodwa-ke, ubungozi obuhlobene budinga ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kulawulwe ngokucophelela futhi kulawulwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha.