Izindlela Nezinqubo Zokukhipha Ubuthi Be-Cyanide Tailings

Isingeniso

Izinsalela ze-Cyanide ziyimfucuza eqinile ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokuzuza ezimayini zegolide nezinye izimayini. Ngenxa yokuba khona kwensalela ama-cyanides nezinye izinsimbi ezisindayo, uma zingaphathwa kahle, zizodala umonakalo omkhulu emvelweni nempilo yabantu. Ubuthi obuphezulu be Ama-cyanides kungasakazeka ngomoya, amanzi, nomhlabathi, kungcolise imvelo ezungezile futhi kubeke engozini ukuphila kwezilwane nezitshalo. Ngakho-ke, kuyaphuthuma ukukhipha ubuthi Izinhlobo ze-Cyanide. Lesi sihloko sizokwethula ngokuningiliziwe Ukuxoshwa izindlela nezinqubo ze i-cyanide imisila.

Izimpawu Nezingozi Ze-Cyanide Tailings

Ukwakheka kwemisila ye-cyanide kuyinkimbinkimbi. Ngaphezu kwama-cyanides angaphenduliwe, aqukethe nezinsimbi ezinzima njengethusi, umthofu, i-zinc, ne-mercury. Lezi zinsimbi ezinzima kunzima ukwehlisa izinga endaweni yemvelo futhi zizonqwabelana isikhathi eside. I-Cyanides ingavimbela umsebenzi wama-enzyme okuphefumula kumaseli ezinto eziphilayo, okuholela ekuphefumuleni nasekufeni kwezinto eziphilayo. Isibonelo, lapho amanzi angcolile aqukethe i-cyanide tailings ekhishelwa emifuleni, kuzodala inani elikhulu lokufa kwezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini njengezinhlanzi, kucekele phansi ibhalansi yemvelo yamanzi. Lapho izinsimbi ezinzima zingena emzimbeni womuntu, zizonqwabelana ezithweni zabantu futhi zidale izifo ezahlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, ubuthi bomthofu buthinta ukukhula kwesimiso sezinzwa, kanti ubuthi be-mercury bulimaza izinso nobuchopho.

Izindlela Zokukhipha Ubuthi

Indlela Ye-Chemical Oxidation

1. Indlela ye-Alkaline Chlorination: This is a commonly used chemical oxidation detoxification method. Under alkaline conditions (usually the pH value is controlled at 10 - 11), oxidants such as chlorine gas or hypochlorites are added to the cyanide tailings. Its reaction principle is as follows: First, cyanide ions (CN⁻) are oxidized to cyanate ions (CNO⁻), and the reaction equation is CN⁻ + ClO⁻ + H₂O → CNO⁻ + Cl⁻ + 2H⁺. Then, cyanate is decomposed into harmless substances such as nitrogen and I-Carbon dioxide under further oxidation, 2CNO⁻ + 3ClO⁻ + H₂O → N₂↑ + 3Cl⁻ + 2HCO₃⁻. The advantage of this method is that the reaction rate is relatively fast and the detoxification effect is obvious, but the disadvantage is that some secondary pollutants such as chlorine - containing exhaust gas may be generated.

2. I-Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation Indlela: I-hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) ingakhipha i-oxidize futhi ibole i-cyanides phambi kwe-catalyst efanelekile. Ama-Catalyst afana ne-ferrous ions (Fe²⁺) ngokuvamile ayakhethwa. Phakathi nenqubo yokusabela, i-hydrogen peroxide iyabola ukuze ikhiqize ama-hydroxyl radicals (·OH), anezakhi eziqinile kakhulu ze-oxidizing futhi angakhipha ngokushesha ama-cyanides. Isibalo sokusabela sithi CN⁻ + H₂O₂ → CNO⁻ + H₂O. Inzuzo yendlela ye-hydrogen peroxide oxidation ukuthi imikhiqizo ngemva kokubola kwe-hydrogen peroxide amanzi nomoya-mpilo, futhi akukho ukungcola okusha okwethulwa, kodwa izindleko ziphakeme kakhulu, futhi izidingo zezimo zokusabela ziqinile.

I-Biological Oxidation Method

1. Indlela ye-Microbial Leaching: Amanye ama-microorganisms akhethekile, njenge-Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, asetshenziswa. Lawa ma-microorganisms angasebenzisa ama-cyanides njengemithombo ye-nitrogen nekhabhoni ngesikhathi sokukhula kwawo futhi awafake oxidize futhi awabolise. Ngemisebenzi yawo siqu ye-metabolic, ama-microorganisms aguqula ama-cyanide abe izinto ezingenabungozi njengesikhutha, amanzi, ne-ammonia. Inzuzo yale ndlela ukuthi ihambisana nemvelo futhi inokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi, kodwa okubi ukuthi ukukhula kwama-microorganisms kuthinteka kakhulu yizici zemvelo ezifana nezinga lokushisa nenani le-pH, futhi umjikelezo wokwelapha mude kakhulu.

2. Indlela ye-Biofilm: Ama-microorganisms agxilile phezu kwesiphathi ukuze enze i-biofilm. Lapho umsila we-cyanide uhlangana ne-biofilm, ama-cyanides wonakaliswa ama-microorganisms. I-biofilm inamandla anamandla okukhangisa nawokucekela phansi, angathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kwama-microorganisms kuma-cyanides. Uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela ye-microbial leaching method, ama-microorganisms endleleni ye-biofilm akulula ukulahlekelwa futhi abe nokuzinza okuphezulu, kodwa futhi abhekana nenkinga yokuzwela izimo zemvelo.

Ezinye Izindlela

1. High - Temperature Pyrolysis Indlela: Izinsalela ze-cyanide zenziwa i-pyrolyzed emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (imvamisa engaphezu kuka-800℃), futhi ama-cyanides abola abe amagesi afana ne-nitrogen ne-carbon monoxide. I-high-temperature pyrolysis indlela ingasusa ngempumelelo ama-cyanides, kodwa idinga inani elikhulu lokusetshenziswa kwamandla, futhi izinsimbi ezinzima zingase ziguquke ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphezulu, okwandisa ubunzima bokwelashwa kwegesi yomsila okulandelayo.

2. Indlela ye-Adsorption: Ama-Adsorbents afana ne- Ikhabhoni Esebenzayo and zeolite are used to adsorb cyanides. Adsorbents have a large specific surface area and can adsorb cyanides on their surfaces, thereby achieving the purpose of detoxification. The adsorption method is simple to operate, but the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent is limited, and the adsorbent needs to be replaced regularly. In addition, the treatment of the adsorbed adsorbent is also relatively complex.

Inqubo Yokukhipha Ubuthi

Ukuqunjelwa

1. Ukuchotshozwa nokuhlolwa: Izinsalela ezinkulu ze-cyanide zichotshozwa ukuze kuncishiswe usayizi wezinhlayiyana zazo, ukuze ukusabela okulandelayo kokukhipha ubuthi kungaqhubeka ngokugcwele. Ama-crushers avamile ahlanganisa ama-crusher emihlathini, ama-cone crushers, njll. Izinsila ezichotshoziwe zibe sezihlolwa kusetshenziswa okokusebenza kokuhlola njengezikrini ezidlidlizayo ukuze kukhishwe izinhlayiya zosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezihlukene, okuhlinzeka ngezinto ezinosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezifanele zokwelashwa okulandelayo.

2. Ukuhamba: Ukuze wenze ama-cyanides axhumane kangcono futhi asabele nge-reagent yokususa ubuthi, amanzi noma ezinye izinyibilikisi ezifanele zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukumboza izinsalela ze-cyanide. Inqubo ye-leaching yenziwa ethangini elinyakazayo, futhi i-tailings kanye ne-solvent kuhlanganiswe ngokugcwele ngokugqugquzela. Izinto ezifana nesikhathi sokuvuza, izinga lokushisa, kanye nesilinganiso se-liquid - to - solid sizothinta umphumela wokucwilisa, futhi ngokuvamile kudingeka sithuthukiswe ngokuya ngezimo zangempela.

Umsebenzi wokukhipha ubuthi

1. Inqubo yokusebenza ye-Chemical Oxidation Method: Ukuthatha indlela ye-alkaline chlorination njengesibonelo, kusixazululo se-tailings ngemva kokuvuthwa, i-sodium hydroxide ifakwa kuqala ukuze kulungiswe inani le-pH lesisombululo ku-10 - 11. Khona-ke, igesi ye-chlorine yethulwa kancane kancane noma isisombululo se-sodium hypochlorite sengeziwe, futhi ukugqugquzela kwenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukwenza ukusabela kuqhubeke ngokugcwele. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokusabela, ukugxila kwe-cyanide esixazululweni kudinga ukugadwa ngesikhathi sangempela. Uma ukugxila kwe-cyanide kwehliswa kube ngaphansi kwezinga elishiwo, ukungezwa kwe-oxidant kuyamiswa.

2. Inqubo yokusebenza ye-Biological Oxidation Method: Uma indlela yokukhishwa kwe-microbial leaching yamukelwa, i-Thiobacillus ferrooxidans ekhuliswe kahle kanye namanye ama-microorganisms afakwe kusixazululo se-leaching esiqukethe i-cyanide tailings. Izinga lokushisa lesistimu yokusabela lilawulwa ngaphakathi kwebanga elifanele lokukhula lama-microorganisms (ngokuvamile 25 - 35℃), futhi inani le-pH lilungiswa kububanzi obufanele (ngokuvamile u-2 - 4). Phakathi nenqubo yokusabela, imisoco idinga ukugcwaliswa njalo ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zokukhula zama-microorganisms. Inqubekelaphambili yokusabela kwe-detoxification yahlulelwa ngokuqapha ukugxila kwe-cyanide nokukhula kwama-microorganisms.

Ukwelashwa Okulandelayo

1. Okuqinile - Ukuhlukaniswa Kwamanzi: Ngemva kokuqeda ukusabela kokukhipha ubuthi emzimbeni, izinsalela ezilashiwe zidinga ukuhlukaniswa okuqinile - okuwuketshezi. Okuqinile okujwayelekile - izindlela zokuhlukanisa uketshezi zifaka ukuhlunga kanye ne-centrifugation. Ngemishini yokuhlunga efana ne-plate - and - frame filter presses, ama-tailings aqinile ahlukaniswa noketshezi. Uketshezi oluhlukanisiwe ludinga ukuphinde luhlolelwe i-cyanide kanye nokuqukethwe kwensimbi esindayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi lungakhishwa ngemva kokuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokukhishwa.

2. Ukulahlwa Kwezinsila: Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwe-detoxification nokuqinile - ukuhlukaniswa koketshezi, uma okuqukethwe kwensimbi esindayo kuma-tailings kusephezulu, ukwelashwa okwengeziwe kuyadingeka. Isibonelo, ubuchwepheshe bokuqiniswa nokuqiniswa kwamukelwa, futhi izinsalela zixubene nama-ejenti aqinisayo afana nosimende nomcako ukuze kulungiswe izinsimbi ezisindayo emzimbeni oqinile futhi kunciphise ukuhamba kwazo emvelweni. Izinsalela ezilashiwe zingagcwaliswa phansi noma zisetshenziswe ngokuphelele ngokuvumelana nezimo zangempela, njengokusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izinto zokwakha.

Isiphetho

Ukwelashwa kokukhipha ubuthi emzimbeni wemisila ye-cyanide kubaluleke kakhulu ekuvikelweni kwemvelo kanye nokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwezinsiza. Izindlela ezihlukene zokuqeda ubuthi zinezinzuzo zazo kanye nokubi. Ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, izindlela ezifanele zokuqeda ubuthi nezinqubo kudingeka zikhethwe ngokucophelela ngokuya ngezinto ezifana nezici zemisila ye-cyanide, izindleko zokwelashwa, kanye nezidingo zemvelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenqubekelaphambili eqhubekayo yesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe obusha bokuqeda ubuthi kanye nezinqubo zihlala zivela. Ngokuzayo, kulindeleke ukuthi kuthuthukiswe izindlela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ezinobungani kwemvelo, kanye nezokukhipha ubuthi obungokomnotho ezinsaleni ze-cyanide, zinikeze izixazululo ezingcono ezinkingeni zemvelo ezilethwa umsila we-cyanide.