Ukuphatha Ngokuphephile kweCyanides/Sodium Cyanide Enobuthi Kakhulu

Isingeniso

I-Cyanides, ikakhulukazi I-Sodium Cyanide, ziyizinto ezinobuthi kakhulu. Ukungaphathwa ngendlela efanele kungaholela ezingozini ezinkulu zezempilo, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, ngisho nokubeka ukuphila engozini. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nokuqonda okujulile nokulandela ngokuqinile izimiso zokuphepha lapho usebenzisana nalawa makhemikhali.

Izinsiza Zokuvikela (i-PPE)

Ukuvikelwa kokuphefumula

Kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa umshini wokuphefumula oziqukathe wona (SCBA) ofakwe imaskhi yobuso obugcwele. Kulokho Ama-cyanides ingadonswa ngendlela yothuli, intuthu, noma igesi, lesi silinganiso sibaluleke kakhulu. I-SCBA kufanele ifakwe isihlungi se-high -fficient particulate air (HEPA) ukuvimbela noma iyiphi i-cyanide - equkethe izinhlayiya ukuthi zingangeni ohlelweni lokuphefumula.

Izingubo Zokuvikela

Gqoka isudi ekwazi ukumelana namakhemikhali eyenziwe ngezinto ezifana neTyvek noma i-neoprene. I-suit kufanele imboze wonke umzimba, kuhlanganise nezandla, izinyawo, nekhanda. Kunconywa ukugqoka amagilavu ​​​​angenakunyakaziswa enziwe ngerabha ye-butyl ukuvikela izandla. Amabhuzu okuphepha anezinzwane zensimbi namakhemikhali - amasoli aqinile nawo abalulekile ukuvikela ngempumelelo izinyawo ukuthi zingathintani nazo. ama-cyanides.

Ukuvikelwa Kwamahlo

Ngokungeziwe kumaski wobuso be-SCBA, izibuko ze-chemical - splash kufanele nazo zihlonyiswe. Lezi zibuko zinganikeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela ukuvimba izixazululo ze-cyanide ukuthi zingachaphazeli emehlweni.

Ukusingatha Izinyathelo Zokuqapha

Storage

Ama-cyanides kufanele agcinwe endaweni ekhethiwe ngokukhethekile futhi enomoya omuhle, kude nemithombo yokushisa, ama-asidi, nama-oxidizing agents. Ama-cyanide asabela ngobudlova nama-asidi ukuze akhiqize igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide enobuthi obukhulu. I Storage iziqukathi kufanele zivalwe ngokuqinile futhi zibhalwe ngokucacile igama lekhemikhali, izexwayiso zengozi, kanye nemiyalelo yokusingatha.

Dlulisa kanye Sebenzisa

Lapho udlulisela ama-cyanide usuka kwesinye isitsha uye kwesinye, sebenzisa amafaneli akhethekile kanye nemishini yokudlulisa ehambisana nama-cyanides. Ukuthela okuqondile ngesandla akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele. Endaweni yaselabhorethri noma yezimboni, yonke imisebenzi ehilela ama-cyanides kufanele yenziwe ku-fume hood ukuvimbela intuthu enobuthi ukuthi ingasakazeki endaweni yokusebenza evamile.

Sebenzisa izikali zokukala ezilinganiselwe noma okokusebenza kwevolumu ukuze ulinganise ngokunembile ama-cyanide. Gwema ukweqisa ukulinganisa noma ukuvuza, ngoba ngisho nenani elincane kakhulu le-cyanide lingadala ubungozi obukhulu.

Uhlelo Lwezimpendulo Eziphuthumayo

Training

Bonke abasebenzi abangase bahlangane nama-cyanides kumele bathole ukuqeqeshwa Emergency izinqubo zokuphendula. Okuqukethwe kokuqeqeshwa kuhlanganisa ukuhlonza izimpawu zobuthi be-cyanide (ezifana nekhanda elibuhlungu, isiyezi, ukuphefumula ngokushesha, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, njll.) kanye nokuba nobuchule bokusebenzisa izindlela zosizo lokuqala.

Izinsiza Eziphuthumayo

Isiteshi sokugeza amehlo esiphuthumayo kanye neshawa yokuphepha kufanele kuhlinzekwe endaweni yokusebenza. Uma kwenzeka uthintana nesikhumba noma wamehlo nama-cyanides, ukugudluzwa ngokushesha ngamanzi amaningi kuyisihluthulelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-antidote akhethekile e-cyanide afana ne-hydroxocobalamin, i-sodium nitrite, ne-sodium thiosulfate kufanele afakwe esizeni, kodwa kufanele asetshenziswe ngaphansi kokuqondisa kochwepheshe bezokwelapha.

Izindlela zokuphuma ezicacile nezinqubo kufanele zenziwe. Uma kwenzeka kuvuza noma kudedelwa i-cyanide enkulu, abasebenzi kufanele bazi ukuthi bangaphuma kanjani endaweni ngokushesha nangokuphephile.

Ukulahlwa kweCyanides

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

Enye yezindlela ezijwayelekile zokwelapha i-cyanide - equkethe imfucuza i-chemical oxidation. I-sodium hypochlorite (i-bleach) ingasetshenziswa ukwenza i-cyanides ibe izinto ezinobuthi obuncane. Lokhu kusabela kufanele kulawulwe ngokucophelela endaweni enomoya omuhle. Ifomula yokusabela evamile imi kanje:

2NaCN + 5NaClO + H₂O → N₂ + 2NaHCO₃ + 5NaCl

Enye inketho ukusebenzisa i-hydrogen peroxide ngaphansi kwesenzo se-catalyst. Le nqubo ingaphinda iguqule ama-cyanides abe yimikhiqizo engeyona enobuthi.

Ukungathathi hlangothi

Ngemuva kokwelashwa kwe-oxidation, isisombululo singadinga ukungathathi hlangothi. Uma isixazululo esilashiwe sine-acidic ngenxa yenqubo ye-oxidation, isisekelo esifana ne-sodium hydroxide singasetshenziswa ukulungisa inani le-pH kububanzi obumaphakathi (pH 6 - 9).

Ukulahlwa Kokuhambisana

Ngemuva kokuthi ama-cyanides eselashwa futhi ancishisiwe, imfucuza ekhiqiziwe kufanele ilahlwe ngokuhambisana nemithetho yendawo, yesifunda, kanye nenhlangano yezemvelo. Lokhu ngokuvamile kusho ukuthumela imfucuza endaweni enelayisensi yokulahla imfucuza eyingozi.

Isiphetho

Ukuphatha ama-cyanides, ikakhulukazi i-sodium cyanide, kudinga ukuqapha okukhulu nokuhambisana ngokuqinile nezinqubo zokuphepha. Ukusuka ekukhetheni okokuvikela komuntu siqu okufanelekile, ukwakha isimo esiphuthumayo Uhlelo Lwempendulos, ezindleleni zokulahla eziphephile, zonke izinyathelo zenqubo yokuphatha zidinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela. Ngokulandela ngokuqinile le mihlahlandlela, singakwazi ukunciphisa ubungozi obuhlobene nalezi zinto ezinobuthi kakhulu futhi siqinisekise ngempumelelo ukuphepha kwabasebenzi nendawo ezungezile.