Isizinda Segolide Esingena-Cyanide: Ukwamukela Izindlela Ezihlukile Eziluhlaza

Isingeniso

Ukukhishwa kwegolide sekuyisikhathi eside kuyimboni ebalulekile, kodwa indlela yendabuko encike ku- Sodium cyanide iphakamise ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngezemvelo kanye nezempilo. I-Sodium cyanide inobuthi obukhulu futhi ingabangela umonakalo omkhulu ezindaweni zemvelo uma ingaphathwa kahle. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kube nokucindezelwa okukhula kokuthuthukisa amasu ahlukile, azinzile okukhishwa kwegolide . Lokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi kuhlola lezi zindlela ezintsha ezinikeza indlela enobungani nemvelo enkambisweni endala yokuthola igolide.

Inkinga nge-Sodium Cyanide ekukhishweni kwegolide

I-sodium cyanide ibe yinto esetshenziswayo yokukhipha igolide isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu ngenxa yokuphumelela kwayo ekuncibilikiseni igolide elicwengekileyo. Kodwa-ke, ubuthi bayo buyinkinga enkulu. Ngisho nangesilinganiso esincane, i-cyanide ingaba yingozi ekuphileni kwasemanzini, ezinyonini nasezilwaneni ezincelisayo. Uma kwenzeka kuchitheka noma ukulahlwa ngendlela engafanele emisebenzini yezimayini, i-cyanide ingangcolisa imithombo yamanzi, inhlabathi, nomoya, okuholela ekucekeleni phansi kwemvelo isikhathi eside. Ukwengeza, ukuphatha i-cyanide kudinga izinyathelo eziqinile zokuphepha, futhi noma yikuphi ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kungase kubangele ukulimala kubasebenzi.

Ezinye izindlela Eziluhlaza Ezithembisayo ku-Sodium Cyanide

1. Bioleaching

I-Bioleaching, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-microbial leaching, inqubo esebenzisa ama-microorganisms ukukhipha izinsimbi ensimbi. Endabeni yokukhishwa kwegolide, amagciwane athile, afana ne-Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, angakwazi ukukhipha amaminerali anesulfure ahambisana negolide, akhulule igolide ngendlela efinyeleleka kalula. Le ndlela ihambisana nemvelo njengoba ingasebenzisi amakhemikhali anobuthi njenge-cyanide. Iphinde futhi isebenze emazingeni okushisa aphansi nezingcindezi, inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela ezijwayelekile zokukhipha. I-Bioleaching iyindlela esimeme engasetshenziswa kuma-ore asezingeni eliphansi, ngokuvamile angenamali ukusetshenzwa kusetshenziswa amasu ajwayelekile.

2. I-Thiosulfate Leaching

Ukuhlanzwa kwe-Thiosulfate kungenye indlela esikhundleni sokukhishwa okusekelwe ku-cyanide. Kusebenzisa ama-ion e-thiosulfate, ngokuvamile ngesimo se-sodium thiosulfate, ukuze kuhlanganiswe negolide bese kuchithwa ku-ore. Le ndlela ayinabo ubuthi obuncane kune-cyanide. I-Thiosulfate izinzile emvelweni futhi ayibeki usongo olufanayo oluyingozi ezilwaneni zasendle kanye nemithombo yamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanzwa kwe-Thiosulfate kungasebenza kahle ezinhlotsheni ezithile zama-ore, ikakhulukazi lawo aqukethe ithusi nezinye izinsimbi ezingaphazamisa izinqubo ezisekelwe ku-cyanide. Le nqubo ingabuye ilungiselelwe ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali nokuthuthukisa amazinga okubuyisa igolide.

3. Ionic Liquids

Uketshezi lwe-ionic usawoti owuketshezi ekamelweni lokushisa. Zinezinto eziyingqayizivele ezenza zifanelekele ukukhishwa kwegolide. Uketshezi lwe-ionic lungancibilikisa igolide ngokukhetha oreni ngaphandle kwesidingo samakhemikhali anobuthi obukhulu. Azinakuguquka, okusho ukuthi azifaki isandla ekungcolisekeni komoya ngesikhathi sokukhipha. Ukwengeza, zingase zigaywe kabusha futhi ziphinde zisetshenziswe, kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kukadoti. Nakuba kusesesigabeni socwaningo nentuthuko yokusetshenziswa kwezinga elikhulu, uketshezi lwe-ionic lubonisa amandla amakhulu njengendlela eqhubekayo ehlukile ezindleleni zendabuko zokukhipha igolide.

4. Supercritical Fluid Isizinda

Ukukhishwa koketshezi olubucayi kakhulu kusebenzisa uketshezi olubucayi kakhulu, njenge -Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kanye nokucindezela, ukukhipha igolide ku-ore. Esimweni sayo esibucayi kakhulu, i-CO₂ inezakhiwo eziphakathi kwegesi noketshezi, okuvumela ukuthi ingene ku-ore futhi incibilikise igolide. Le ndlela inobungani nemvelo njengoba i-CO₂ iyinto engenabo ubuthi futhi eningi. Iphinde inciphise isidingo samanzi amaningi kanye namanye amakhemikhali asetshenziswa ekukhishweni kwendabuko. Ukukhishwa koketshezi olubucayi kakhulu kungaba yindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokukhipha igolide, ikakhulukazi ku-ore eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Izinselelo kanye Nomgwaqo Ozayo

Nakuba lezi zindlela ezihlukile zibonisa ithemba elikhulu, kusenezinselele okumelwe zinqotshwe. Isibonelo, i-Bioleaching ingaba inqubo ehamba kancane, futhi ukwenza ngcono izimo zokukhula kwamagciwane kungaba nzima. Ukususwa kwe-thiosulfate kungadinga ukulawulwa kwenqubo okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokususwa kwe-cyanide. Uketshezi lwe-Ionic kanye nokukhishwa koketshezi olubucayi kusesezigabeni zokuqala zentuthuko yezentengiselwano, futhi kunezindleko ezihambisana nokukhulisa lobu buchwepheshe. Kodwa-ke, ngocwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nentuthuko, lezi zinselele zingaxazululwa. Ohulumeni, izinkampani zezimayini, kanye nezikhungo zocwaningo kudingeka babambisane ukuze batshale imali ekuthuthukisweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwalezi zindlela zokukhishwa kwegolide eliluhlaza. Lokhu ngeke kusize nje kuphela ekuvikeleni imvelo kodwa futhi kuzoqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwemboni yezimayini zegolide.

Ekuphetheni, ukufuna ezinye izindlela esikhundleni se- Sodium Cyanide ekukhishweni kwegolide akuyona nje indaba yomthwalo wemfanelo wezemvelo kodwa futhi kuyithuba lokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nentuthuko esimeme. Ngokwamukela lobu buchwepheshe obuluhlaza, imboni yezimayini zegolide inganciphisa ukunyathela kwayo kwemvelo futhi inikele ekusaseni elimeme kakhudlwana.